scholarly journals Verification of Angular Response of Sky Quality Meter with Quasi-Punctual Light Sources

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7544
Author(s):  
Mirco Bartolomei ◽  
Lorenzo Olivieri ◽  
Carlo Bettanini ◽  
Stefano Cavazzani ◽  
Pietro Fiorentin
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Angular Response ◽  
Autonomous Sensor ◽  
Airborne Measurement ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Commercial Instrument ◽  
The One

Sky Quality Meter (SQM) is a commercial instrument based on photometers widely used by amateur astronomers for skyglow measurement from the ground. In the framework of the MINLU project, two SQM-LE units were integrated in an autonomous sensor suite realized and tested at University of Padova for monitoring light pollution from drones or sounding balloons. During the ground tests campaign before airborne measurement, the performance of both SQM units was verified in laboratory using controlled light sources as a reference input; the results showed that both units presented an angular response deviating consistently from the expected performance and that the sensors’ field of view was larger than the one declared in the manufacturer’s datasheet. This aspect in particular would affect direct skyglow measurements during flight as light sources close to the boundaries of the field of view would not be attenuated but instead detected by the sensors. As a direct consequence, the measurement of low-intensity skyglows at stratospheric altitudes could be affected by high-intensity punctual sources acting as lateral disturbances. A dedicated test campaign was therefore conceived and realized to investigate SQM unit response to light sources in the field of view and identify the true angular response curve; the setup consisted in a controlled rotatory stage moving the unit in front of a fixed diffusive light source. Different test conditions were used to validate the experimental procedure, demonstrating the repeatability of the measurements. This paper presents the experimental campaign and the resulting SQM angular response curve; results indicate for both SQMs a larger than expected field of view and the presence of a double peak in the angular response, which is likely related to a non-perfect alignment of SQMs collimation optics. Furthermore, the wider resulting curves suggest that the contribution of lateral sources is more prominent with respect to the response predicted by the manufacturer. For this reason, the utilization of baffles to restrict SQMs field of view is analyzed to minimize the disturbance of lateral light sources and two different geometries are presented.

STM studies of crystal growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
M. G. Lagally
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Wide Field Of View ◽  
The One

It has been recognized since the earliest days of crystal growth that kinetic processes of all Kinds control the nature of the growth. As the technology of crystal growth has become ever more refined, with the advent of such atomistic processes as molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, sputter deposition, and plasma enhanced techniques for the creation of “crystals” as little as one or a few atomic layers thick, multilayer structures, and novel materials combinations, the need to understand the mechanisms controlling the growth process is becoming more critical. Unfortunately, available techniques have not lent themselves well to obtaining a truly microscopic picture of such processes. Because of its atomic resolution on the one hand, and the achievable wide field of view on the other (of the order of micrometers) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) gives us this opportunity. In this talk, we briefly review the types of growth kinetics measurements that can be made using STM. The use of STM for studies of kinetics is one of the more recent applications of what is itself still a very young field.

To what question is the Badiouan notion of the subject an answer? On the dialectical elaboration of the concept in his early work

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-120
Author(s):  
Jan-Jasper Persijn
Keyword(s):  
Direct Consequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Work Up

Alain Badiou’s elaboration of a subject faithful to an event is commonly known today in the academic world and beyond. However, his first systematic account of the subject ( Théorie du Sujet) was already published in 1982 and did not mention the ‘event’ at all. Therefore, this article aims at tracing back both the structural and the historical conditions that directed Badiou’s elaboration of the subject in the early work up until the publication of L’Être et l’Événément in 1988. On the one hand, it investigates to what extent the (early) Badiouan subject can be considered an exceptional product of the formalist project of the Cahiers pour l’Analyse as instigated by psychoanalytical discourse (Lacan) and a certain Marxist discourse (Althusser) insofar as both were centered upon a theory of the subject. On the other hand, this article examines the radical political implications of this subject insofar as Badiou has directed his philosophical aims towards the political field as a direct consequence of the events of May ’68.

scholarly journals Preliminary synthesis of algorithms for automatic control of automobile continuously variable transmissions with flexible links

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
A.E. Yesakov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Kretov ◽  
P.A. Krasavin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Flexible Links ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmissions ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
The One

Variators of different operating principles and designs are of interest as components of automatic transmissions for ground transport and traction machines. At the same time, one of the most popular types of variators are the variators built on the basis of continuously variable transmissions with flexible links. The main reasons for the use of such variators in the transmissions of a number of modern passenger vehicles are, on the one hand, the emergence of flexible link designs with high durability, and, on the other hand, the widespread introduction of programmable electronic devices into automatic control systems for continuously variable transmissions. A direct consequence of the latter circumstance was the need for in-depth research aimed at synthesizing such control algorithms that would make it possible to fully use the advantages inherent in continuously variable transmissions with flexible links and minimize the operational consequences of their shortcomings. This paper makes an attempt to solve the problem of synthesizing the algorithm in a preliminary form, based on the goal of providing the vehicle with the best traction and speed properties. The presence of such an attempt will allow, having set the main parameters of a continuously variable transmission for some reason, to develop the hardware of the automatic control system. In turn, this will make it possible to synthesize a refined algorithm that takes into account the dynamics of the system, errors of meters and signal conversion devices, as well as other factors affecting work pro-cesses. When considering the described problem, various variants of the geometry of the contact surfaces of the continuously variable transmission links were taken into account and the corre-sponding mathematical apparatus were formed. The results of calculations, obtained by computer program that implements these devices, are selectively presented in the materials of the paper.

scholarly journals Исторический процесс в свете христианской антропологии Ф. М. Достоевского

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Nikolaievitch Tarassov
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Christian Realism ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Moral World ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

Based on the fundamental concepts of the "mystery of man" and Christian realism, the "law of the Ego" and the "law of love" for Dostoevsky's creative consciousness, the article examines the one-sidedness of biologizing and socializing concepts of human nature since the Enlightenment and their connection with entropic processes in the spiritual and moral world of people and declining trends in the course of history. It is shown how the spiritual laws of life, which are leaving the field of view of rationalistic and pragmatic consciousness, transform social-progressive design and planning, and introduce nihilistic elements into them. It is emphasized that the methodology of Christian realism is universal, that it connects the "mystery of man" with the mystery of history, and becomes one of the main principles for assessing the hierarchy of values in various ideological and social systems.

Presidential Address: The Royal Household and the Welsh Lawbooks

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goronwy Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Question ◽  
The One ◽  
Royal Household

On the corresponding occasion last year, I ventured to offer some remarks on the subject of medieval Welsh lawbooks, and more particularly on the editing of them. When edited, they serve as historical evidence. I therefore propose on this present occasion to consider the sort of historical evidence that they contain, and the kind of historical question that they raise. As I have to operate within the narrow compass of an hour, I must limit my field of view, and this can be done quite simply. A Welsh lawbook was made up of a series of what, in the absence of a recognized technical term, may conveniently be called ‘tractates’. I am going to consider just one of those tractates. It is, in more than one sense, the most easily distinguishable of them all. It is also the one that forms the very first part of the text of the Welsh lawbooks, coming immediately after the opening prologue. From its situation at the very beginning of the text, it should be the most inescapable document in the lawbooks—though, as Edgar Allan Poe demonstrated in a famous story, a document situated in the most obtrusive position is precisely the one that may most easily escape notice. It is quite a sizeable document, running to some twenty pages of modern print. It is extant both in medieval Latin and in medieval Welsh.

Assessment of retinal photosensitivity as an objective indicator of expression psychodense effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Karen B. Ovanesov ◽  
Petr D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Retinal Activity ◽  
Objective Indicator ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Color Sensitivity ◽  
The One ◽  
Visual Apparatus

BACKGROUND: The retina of the eye, with its wide range of neurotransmitter systems, can be the point of application in the action of the psychotropic drugs, given their synaptotropic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this regard, a complex of studies was carried out with the participation of volunteers to assess the effect of psychotropic substances with a depressing (melatonin, grandaxin, motherwort tincture) type of action on the functional state of the retina, registered by the campimetric method. In the course of the research, the photosensitivity of the retina and its ability to distinguish colors were evaluated. Moreover, the capabilities of the technique made it possible to assess retinal activity in the field of view from 0 to 21. Such an approach can not only demonstrate the interest of retinal cellular elements in the action of substances, but also raise the question of the participation of the visual system in the psychopharmacological effect more broadly. RESULTS: The work of the visual apparatus was studied both in healthy volunteers of different ages and in persons with emotional disorders, which were identified using special questionnaire tests. It was found that violations of the emotional status are often accompanied by a limitation of the photosensitivity of the retina of varying severity. These facts can be interpreted in different ways. On the one hand, violations of visual functions can lead to psychoemotional disorders and be a pathogenetic link in their development, and on the other hand, primary disorders of retinal light and color sensitivity can provoke the development of psychopathology. However, regardless of the pharmacological characteristics of the studied drugs with psychodeprimating activity, the connection between their anti-anxiety effect and changes in visual function seems to be obvious, which allows us to raise the question of the advisability of taking into account the photosensitivity of the retina for a comprehensive assessment of both the mental state of emotionally labile subjects and the pharmacodynamics of psychodemitting drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it is legitimate to conclude that taking into account the light and color sensitivity of the retina can be one of the quantitative criteria for the severity and effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy.

White Balance preference under multiple light sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (29) ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
  Anku ◽  
Susan P. Farnand
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
White Balance ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Indoor Scene ◽  
The One

White balance is one of the key processes in a camera pipeline. Accuracy can be challenging when a scene is illuminated by multiple color light sources. We designed and built a studio which consisted of a controllable multiple LED light sources that produced a range of correlated color temperatures (CCTs) with high color fidelity that were used to illuminate test scenes. A two Alternative Forced Choice (2AFC) experiment was performed to evaluate the white balance appearance preference for images containing a model in the foreground and target objects in the background indoor scene. The foreground and background were lit by different combinations of cool to warm sources. The observers were asked to pick the one that was most aesthetically appealing to them. The results show that when the background is warm, the skin tones dominated observers' decisions and when the background is cool the preference shifts to scenes with same foreground and background CCT. The familiarity and unfamiliarity of objects in the background scene did not show a significant effect.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Next-Generation Wide Field-of-View Earth Radiation Budget Radiometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Schifano ◽  
Lien Smeesters ◽  
Thomas Geernaert ◽  
Francis Berghmans ◽  
Steven Dewitte
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Wide Field Of View ◽  
Earth Radiation Budget ◽  
Earth Radiation

Climate on Earth is determined by the Earth Radiation Budget (ERB), which quantifies the incoming and outgoing radiative energy fluxes. The ERB can be monitored by non-scanning wide field-of-view radiometers, or by scanning narrow field-of-view radiometers. We propose an enhanced design for the wide field-of-view radiometer, with as key features the use of a near-spherical cavity to obtain a uniform angular sensitivity and the integration of the shuttered electrical substitution principle, eliminating long term drifts of the radiometer and improving its time response. The target absolute accuracy is 1 W/m 2 and the target stability is 0.1 W/m 2 per decade for the measurement of the total outgoing Earth’s radiation. In order to increase the spatial resolution and to separate the total outgoing radiation into reflected Solar and emitted thermal radiation, we propose the joint use of the radiometer with wide field-of-view Shortwave (400–900 nm) and Longwave (8–14 μm) cameras. This paper presents the concept and design of the novel wide field-of-view radiometer, including simulations and analyses of its expected performance. We focus on mechanical design and the measurement characteristics based on optical and thermal analyses. In combination with the cameras, we obtain an estimated accuracy of 0.44 W/m 2 .

The Culgoora Magnetograph

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Ramsay ◽  
R. G. Giovanelli ◽  
H. R. Gillett
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Sensitive Line ◽  
The One ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The magnetograph is based on a high-resolution filter which serves in place of a spectrograph, except that a reasonably large field of view (one-quarter of the Sun's diameter) can be observed at the one instant. Observations are made by obtaining filtergrams of opposite circular polarizations simultaneously in the wing of a magnetically sensitive line. Exposure times are about 0.3 s, the angular resolution of the magnetic field is about 2 arc s, closest frame repetition rates about 8 s. The filtergrams are processed subsequently by photographic or television subtraction. Semiautomatic photographic and/or TV subtractions yield magnetograms suitable for cinematographic projection though the subtractions are not yet as perfect as those obtained by individual subtraction.

Research Trends of the Labour Market in 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Захаров ◽  
Dmitriy Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Staff Development ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

This article discusses the current trends, analysis and forecasts of the labor market situation in Russia. Results the effect of the global economic crisis on the labor market. It was revealed that the crisis has forced workers significantly revise their professional requirements. In particular, today the Russian top managers and key specialists emphasize employment is the stability of the company in the market, even the prospects for career and professional growth overshadowed. The recommendations on the adjustment of human resources management strategy of the organization, taking into account trends and forecasts of the labor market. The new targets have to work with the company personnel are performance evaluation and staff development. These strategic priorities, on the one hand — a direct consequence of the difficulties in the economy, dictating the most balanced market participants to expend resources, on the other hand — an attempt to control service personnel to reach a new level of business.

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