scholarly journals Subjective and Objective User Behavior Disparity: Towards Balanced Visual Design and Color Adjustment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8502
Author(s):  
Anna Lewandowska ◽  
Agnieszka Olejnik-Krugly ◽  
Jarosław Jankowski ◽  
Malwina Dziśko
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
User Attention ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Color Combinations

Interactive environments create endless possibilities for the design of websites, games, online platforms, and mobile applications. Their visual aspects and functional characteristics influence the user experience. Depending on the project, the purpose of the environment can be oriented toward marketing targets, user experience, or accessibility. Often, these conflicting aspects should be integrated within a single project, and a search for trade-offs is needed. One of these conflicts involves a disparity in user behavior concerning declared preferences and real observed activity in terms of visual attention. Taking into account accessibility guidelines (WCAG) further complicates the problem. In our study, we focused on the analysis of color combinations and their contrast in terms of user-friendliness; visual intensity, which is important for attracting user attention; and recommendations from the Web Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). We took up the challenge to reduce the disparity between user preferences and WCAG contrast, on one hand, and user natural behavior registered with an eye-tracker, on the other. However, we left the choice of what is more important—human conscious reaction or objective user behavior results—to the designer. The former corresponds to user-friendliness, while the latter, visual intensity, is consistent with marketing expectations. The results show that the ranking of visual objects characterized by different levels of contrast differs when considering the perspectives of user experience, commercial goals, and objective recording. We also propose an interactive tool with the possibility of assigning weights to each criterion to generate a ranking of objects.

scholarly journals Towards Effective Visual Communication with Positive user Experience: High Contrast and Visibility vs. user-Friendliness/Positive Perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Olejnik-Krugly ◽  
Anna Lewandowska ◽  
Malwina Dzisko ◽  
Jaroslaw Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
User Attention ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

Abstract Proper contrast used for elements within websites or applications is one of the key factors providing their visibility and ability to attract user attention. While usability guidelines and standards such as WCAG 1 assume the existence of minimal contrast for optimum user experience, maximal contrast for positive user experience has not been defined. Recent studies showed that too high a contrast can be harmful for user experience, while visibility is reduced if it is too low. In the present study, experiments were performed to examine the level of user-friendliness and visibility for selected color pairs. We calculated the color contrast according to the WCAG standard. As a result, it was possible to find color combinations not necessarily with a high contrast but delivering visibility and not diminishing user experience. Finally, a ColoUR Picker Tool was developed that supports designers in the design of effective visual communication, which is understood as searching for a balance between user-friendliness, visibility, and color contrast. Research expands current efforts towards effective web design and increased user experience.

The dilemma of the direct answer

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Martin Potthast ◽  
Matthias Hagen ◽  
Benno Stein
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Access ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Information System Design ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Direct Answer

No Web technology has undergone such an impressive evolution as Web search engines did and still do. Starting with the promise of "Bringing order to the Web" 1 by compiling information sources matching a query, retrieval technology has been evolving to a kind of "oracle machinery", being able to recommend a single source, and even to provide direct answers extracted from that source. Notwithstanding the remarkable progress made and the apparent user preferences for direct answers, this paradigm shift comes at a price which is higher than one might expect at first sight, affecting both users and search engine developers in their own way. We call this tradeoff "the dilemma of the direct answer"; it deserves an analysis which has to go beyond system-oriented aspects but scrutinize the way our society deals with both their information needs and means to information access. The paper in hand contributes to this analysis by putting the evolution of retrieval technology and the expectations at it in the context of information retrieval history. Moreover, we discuss the trade offs in information behavior and information system design that users and developers may face in the future.

Twelve-month-old infants learn crossmodal associations between visual objects and natural sounds in ecologically valid situations

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chuan Chen ◽  
Gert Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Association Learning ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Crossmodal Associations ◽  
Novel Associations

Infants are able to learn novel associations between visual objects and auditory linguistic labels (such as a dog and the sound /dɔg/) by the end of their first year of life. Surprisingly, at this age they seem to fail to learn the associations between visual objects and natural sounds (such as a dog and its barking sound). Researchers have therefore suggested that linguistic learning is special (Fulkerson and Waxman, 2007) or that unfamiliar sounds overshadow visual object processing (Robinson and Sloutsky, 2010). However, in previous studies visual stimuli were paired with arbitrary sounds in contexts lacking ecological validity. In the present study, we create animations of two novel animals and two realistic animal calls to construct two audiovisual stimuli. In the training phase, each animal was presented in motions that mimicked animal behaviour in real life: in a short movie, the animal ran (or jumped) from the periphery to the center of the monitor, and it made calls while raising its head. In the test phase, static images of both animals were presented side-by-side and the sound for one of the animals was played. Infant looking times to each stimulus were recorded with an eye tracker. We found that following the sound, 12-month-old infants preferentially looked at the animal corresponding to the sound. These results show that 12-month-old infants are able to learn novel associations between visual objects and natural sounds in an ecologically valid situation, thereby challenging our current understanding of the development of crossmodal association learning.

A XSS Defensive Scheme Based on Behavior Certification

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 2365-2369
Author(s):  
Hua Jie Xu ◽  
Xiao Ming Hu ◽  
Dong Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Scripting Languages ◽  
Browsing Behavior ◽  
Cross Site

The Scripting languages (mostly JavaScript) applications in the network are heavily used to improve the user experience now. The trends make XSS (Cross-site Scripting Attacks) the most serious security problems in the current Internet. A XSS defensive scheme based on behavior certification is proposed in the paper. The website behavior model is generated based on the website logic and the user behavior. The browsing behavior certification is implemented based on the expected behavior of the resulting model, so as to offer security for the client even in the case that web server has suffered XSS attacks.

scholarly journals A Prediction Method of Mobile User Preference Based on the Influence between Users

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yancui Shi ◽  
Jianhua Cao ◽  
Congcong Xiong ◽  
Xiankun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Mobile Social Network ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Interaction Behavior

User preference will be impacted by other users. To accurately predict mobile user preference, the influence between users is introduced into the prediction model of user preference. First, the mobile social network is constructed according to the interaction behavior of the mobile user, and the influence of the user is calculated according to the topology of the constructed mobile social network and mobile user behavior. Second, the influence between users is calculated according to the user’s influence, the interaction behavior between users, and the similarity of user preferences. When calculating the influence based on the interaction behavior, the context information is considered; the context information and the order of user preferences are considered when calculating the influence based on the similarity of user preferences. The improved collaborative filtering method is then employed to predict mobile user preferences based on the obtained influence between users. Finally, the experiment is executed on the real data set and the integrated data set, and the results show that the proposed method can obtain more accurate mobile user preferences than those of existing methods.

scholarly journals Do Background Colors Have an Impact on Preferences and Catch the Attention of Users?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Anna Lewandowska ◽  
Agnieszka Olejnik-Krugly
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
First Impression ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Color Composition

In recent years, our environment has become more invasive and stimulating than ever. People must choose carefully what to look for in their over-stimulated daily lives. One way to attract visual attention, which may even interrupt the cognitive task being performed, is color. However, a question arises: Does each color attract the attention of users in a similar way? In this paper, we attempt to answer this question. Our goal is to investigate whether there are colors that have a greater visual power than other colors and, thus, can capture the attention of users more strongly, independent of the background (e.g., color or image). We also discuss which mode of visual attention (divided or sustained) is particularly susceptible to such visual messages. For this purpose, a perceptual experiment was developed, in which user preferences concerning user-friendly and readable color compositions were acquired. At the same time, we measured the unconscious reactions of users related to their first impression, thus indicating the color composition which first (from a displayed pair of images) draws the attention of users. Reactions were measured using an eye tracker. As a result of this research, we found that the background color, in the case of some colors, does not have a significant impact on the perception of the visual message, even if it is intended to attract and maintain the attention of the user.

scholarly journals Integration of Museum User Behavior Information Based on Wireless Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shuangji Liu ◽  
Yongzhong Yang ◽  
Yiwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Information Resource ◽  
User Interest ◽  
Feature Vectors ◽  
Museum Information ◽  
Cultural Relics

Online museum information resource systems are getting popular these days which allow the users to get detailed information about the objects of their interest, and the user preferences are stored to search for related artifacts considering his/her online behavior. The behavior of users browsing online is integrated to capture relevant information which is integrated into museum information resources. Unfortunately, present implementations have errors in integration and optimization system, so a wireless network-based museum user behavior information integration system is proposed to calculate the user’s interest in museum’s cultural relics. The user behavior information resource model is developed based upon the degree of user interest, and forgetting functions with different decay rates are employed to describe changes in the interest level. This information is then used to construct users’ interest matrices. This matrix also contains information regarding the cultural relics that users have not yet visited. The system will introduce the interest weights of feature words to take the top features of the user behavior information for the integration of the users’ behavior and to combine the feature vectors that can represent the overall trajectory. Moreover, those feature vectors are described that can represent the local trajectory into feature vector to identify the slow-moving sparse targets, which is then utilized for the integration of users’ behavior information. The simulation tests prove that the proposed method can achieve low error in the integration process of user behavior information resources, thereby yielding good results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document