scholarly journals Effect of Road Markings and Traffic Signs Presence on Young Driver Stress Level, Eye Movement and Behaviour in Night-Time Conditions: A Driving Simulator Study

Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Babić ◽  
Dario Babić ◽  
Hrvoje Cajner ◽  
Ana Sruk ◽  
Mario Fiolić
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Dependent Samples

The study investigates how the presence of traffic signalling elements (road markings and traffic signs) affects the behaviour of young drivers in night-time conditions. Statistics show that young drivers (≤30 years old) are often involved in road accidents, especially those that occur in night-time conditions. Among other factors, this is due to lack of experience, overestimation of their ability or the desire to prove themselves. A driving simulator scenario was developed for the purpose of the research and 32 young drivers took two runs using it: (a) one containing no road markings and traffic signs and (b) one containing road markings and traffic signs. In addition to the driving simulator, eye tracking glasses were used to track eye movement and an electrocardiograph was used to monitor the heart rate and to determine the level of stress during the runs. The results show statistically significant differences (dependent samples t-test) between the two runs concerning driving speed, lateral position of the vehicle, and visual scanning of the environment. The results prove that road markings and traffic signs provide the drivers with timely and relevant information related to the upcoming situation, thus enabling them to adjust their driving accordingly. The results are valuable to road authorities and provide an explicit confirmation of the importance of traffic signalling for the behaviour of young drivers in night-time conditions, and thus for the overall traffic safety.

scholarly journals Can light emitting diode-based road studs improve vehicle control in curves at night? A driving simulator study

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shahar ◽  
R Brémond ◽  
C Villa
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Country Road ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
Subjective Level

Road delineation treatments enhance the ability of drivers to control their vehicle safely on winding roads. A simulator experiment compared night-time driving on a country road under three conditions: on an unlit road, on a road illuminated on curves by typical road luminaires, and on a road with an active lane delineation application, where self-luminous road studs are turned on to outline the lane and road edges as the driver approaches and passes the curves. The unlit condition induces greater lateral position variability and longer crossovers relative to the studs condition, demonstrating better lateral vehicle control in the latter. The luminaires condition induce greater lateral position variability in left curves, and longer crossovers in right curves, relative to the studs condition, which also demonstrates a better lateral vehicle control in the studs condition. At a subjective level, the participants perceived both the studs condition and the luminaires condition as safer, more comfortable and allowing better control than the unlit road. It was concluded that the tested application enhanced the ability of drivers to control the virtual car, as compared to an unlit road or road lighting.

Advanced Vehicle Navigation applied in the BMW Real Time Light Simulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Löwenau ◽  
P. J. Th. Venhovens ◽  
J. H. Bernasch
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Vehicle Navigation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Positioning Systems

Advanced vehicle navigation based on the US Global Positioning Systems (GPS) will play a major role in future vehicle control systems. Contemporary vehicle navigation systems generally consist of vehicle positioning using satellites and location and orientation of the vehicle with respect to the roadway geometry using a digitised map on a CD-ROM. The standard GPS (with Selective Availability) enables positioning with an accuracy of at least 100 m and is sufficiently accurate for most route guidance tasks. More accurate, precision navigation can be obtained by Differential GPS techniques. A new light concept called Adaptive Light Control (ALC) has been developed with the aim to improve night-time traffic safety. ALC improves the headlamp illumination by means of continuous adaptation of the headlamps according to the current driving situation and current environment. In order to ensure rapid prototyping and early testing, the step from offline to online (real-time) simulation of light distributions has been successfully completed in the driving simulator. The solutions are directly ported to real vehicles to allow further testing with natural road conditions.

scholarly journals CROSS-STUDY RESEARCH ON UTILITY AND VALIDITY OF DRIVING SIMULATOR FOR DRIVER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Matowicki ◽  
Ondřej Přibyl
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Experience Levels ◽  
Wide Range

Driving is one of the most ordinary and universal everyday tasks and, at the same time, one of the most complex and dangerous. It requires a full range of sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and motor functions, all of which can be affected by a wide range of stressors and experience levels. Therefore, exploring of human behaviour while controlling a vehicle is a crucial task in improving traffic safety. Experimental studies can always be conducted with on-road tests, however, using a simulator is safer and more cost-effective. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate if and under what conditions could a driving simulator provide sufficient results required for a proper study of driver behavior. It discusses its limits and advantages. Overall, the research reviewed in this paper indicates that simulator driving behaviour approximates (relative validity of speed and lateral position of vehicle on road), but does not exactly replicate (absolute validity), on-road driving behaviour.

scholarly journals Music Distraction among Young Drivers: Analysis by Gender and Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Catalina ◽  
Susana García-Herrero ◽  
Elvira Cabrerizo ◽  
Sixto Herrera ◽  
Santiago García-Pineda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
Experienced Female

The aim of this study was to quantify the probability of committing a speed infraction by young drivers and to investigate to what extent listening music could affect young drivers’ emotions as well as their driving performances at the wheel. To achieve this aim, employing Bayesian networks, the study analysed different music styles, in which they resulted in sample drivers’ speed infractions. Gender and drivers’ experiences at the wheel were the other factors, which were taken into account when interpreting the study results. Variables taken into account in this study included type of music whilst driving, gender of drivers, and drivers’ driving experiences. These variables further incorporated into the study of other telemetric variables including acceleration, number of revolutions per minute (RPM) of the engine, brake, traffic, and other types of infractions other than speed, which were considered as dependent variables. A driving simulator was used, and different driving simulation studies were carried out with young people aged between 20 and 28 years. Each participant carried out three simulations by listening to different type of music in each journey. The study defined a conceptual model in which the data were analysed and evaluated mathematically through Bayesian networks. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of music on driving speed. Based on the different variables, the study further analysed the probability of speed infractions committed by drivers and their adequate speed. The range of frequency probabilities varied between 96.32% (which corresponds to experienced male drivers who do not listen to music) and 79.38% (which corresponds to less-experienced female drivers who listen to music), which resulted in their happiness or aggression.

scholarly journals Equipment Condition for Zebra Crossing Night-Time Safety Performance in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Maris Seflers ◽  
Juris Kreicbergs ◽  
Gernot Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Sign ◽  
Road Marking

According to road traffic accident (hereinafter referred to as RTA) statistics, the vulnerable road users are pedestrians in Latvia. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyse technical equipment used on non-signalled pedestrian crossings (zebra crossings) in Latvia and to make suggestions for measures that would increase road traffic safety on zebra crossings. RTAs involving collisions with pedestrians were filtered from the Ministry of the Interior database for a three-year period from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-two zebra crossings with a higher number of accidents with pedestrians were observed on the spot during the daylight and at night in several cities of Latvia. The main emphasis during the observation was placed on traffic signs and zebra road marking performance. Pedestrian crossings were observed from car driver’s view by taking photographs during day-time and night-time observations. Most attention was paid to road sign and road marking visibility from driver’s seat position. Retroreflection coefficient R’ was measured for each pedestrian crossing road sign. It was found that the condition and performance of traffic organisation equipment were not maintained on a regular basis and the life cycle of some traffic signs had well expired. Many road signs do not comply with minimum requirements, and road markings have weak visibility during wet weather conditions. It is recommended to improve visibility of pedestrian crossings from driver’s view in the urban areas by increasing rain vision for road markings and higher retroreflection class for traffic signs.

Applying ISD to a Social Problem: Systematic Development of a Driver Training Computer-Based Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 1393-1393
Author(s):  
John F. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Young Drivers

Traditionally, Instructional Systems Development (ISD) has been applied on large, primarily military training systems. Many skill-based training programs in the civilian world have followed the more traditional textbook, lecture, written-test model of the public educational system. In the meantime, after 70 years of public and private higher education over 6,000 young persons a year are killed in traffic crashes. It is well established that exposure to driver education does not correlate with either fewer crashes, or fewer traffic violations. This symposium reports on a three-year program that applied ISD techniques to the development of CD-ROM program for young drivers. The first paper, by Dr. David Willis of the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, reports on the early needs analysis which identified a new approach to driving instruction as a potential intervention for young drivers. The second paper, by Larry Lonero of Northport Associates, describes the curriculum development effort which identified, among many, a set of specific learning objectives which were used to design the CD-ROM program described and demonstrated in the third paper, presented by Dr. Deborah Blank of Electronic Learning Facilitators, Inc. Finally, the fourth paper, by Dr. Donald Fisher of the University of Massachusetts, reports on the test and evaluation of the CD-ROM program using an advanced driving simulator.

scholarly journals Assessment of Young Drivers’ Driving Behaviour and Driving Speed along Horizontal and Vertical Alignments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Nur Sakinah Mior Ahmad Termidi ◽  
◽  
Nordiana Mashros ◽  
Sitti Asmah Hassan ◽  
Rizwan Ullah Faiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Car Crashes

Young drivers are more likely to experience car crashes as they tend to have risky driving behaviours. This study aims to assess young drivers’ driving behaviour and driving speed along the horizontal and vertical alignments of roads. The 20 young drivers who participated in this study were asked to complete a self-reported assessment (Driver Behaviour Questionnaire) and then invited for an on-road driving assessment during daytime and night-time, along horizontal and vertical road alignments at a selected route in Skudai, Johor. The results from the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire revealed that distractions during driving was the most frequently reported behaviour that caused car crashes amongst young drivers, followed by error and violation. Speed profile was found to be higher during daytime when compared to night-time. A significant difference in speed between male and female drivers was noted at horizontal curves during daytime and vertical curves during night-time. The study concluded that such aberrant driving behaviours would have an impact on the driving performance, particularly on horizontal and vertical curves.

Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Johannes Gültlinger ◽  
Frank Gauterin ◽  
Christian Brandau ◽  
Jan Schlittenhard ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tire Friction ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.

scholarly journals Detecting Change between Urban Road Environments along a Route Based on Static Road Object Occurrences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3666
Author(s):  
Zoltán Fazekas ◽  
László Gerencsér ◽  
Péter Gáspár
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Environment Type ◽  
Cusum Method

For over a decade, urban road environment detection has been a target of intensive research. The topic is relevant for the design and implementation of advanced driver assistance systems. Typically, embedded systems are deployed in these for the operation. The environments can be categorized into road environment-types. Abrupt transitions between these pose a traffic safety risk. Road environment-type transitions along a route manifest themselves also in changes in the distribution of traffic signs and other road objects. Can the placement and the detection of traffic signs be modelled jointly with an easy-to-handle stochastic point process, e.g., an inhomogeneous marked Poisson process? Does this model lend itself for real-time application, e.g., via analysis of a log generated by a traffic sign detection and recognition system? How can the chosen change detector help in mitigating the traffic safety risk? A change detection method frequently used for Poisson processes is the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method. Herein, this method is tailored to the specific stochastic model and tested on realistic logs. The use of several change detectors is also considered. Results indicate that a traffic sign-based road environment-type change detection is feasible, though it is not suitable for an immediate intervention.

Traffic accident and emission reduction through intermittent release measures for heavy fog weather

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (25) ◽  
pp. 1550148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shi ◽  
Jin-Hua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Heavy fog weather can increase traffic accidents and lead to freeway closures which result in delays. This paper aims at exploring traffic accident and emission characteristics in heavy fog, as well as freeway intermittent release measures for heavy fog weather. A driving simulator experiment is conducted for obtaining driving behaviors in heavy fog. By proposing a multi-cell cellular automaton (CA) model based on the experimental data, the role of intermittent release measures on the reduction of traffic accidents and CO emissions is studied. The results show that, affected by heavy fog, when cellular occupancy [Formula: see text], the probability of traffic accidents is much higher; and CO emissions increase significantly when [Formula: see text]. After an intermittent release measure is applied, the probability of traffic accidents and level of CO emissions become reasonable. Obviously, the measure can enhance traffic safety and reduce emissions.

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