scholarly journals Masculine Gender Norms and Adverse Workplace Safety Outcomes: The Role of Sexual Orientation and Risky Safety Behaviors

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Christopher Austin ◽  
Tahira M. Probst
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Safety Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Masculine Gender

The current study tested the proposition that higher conformity to masculine gender norms (CMGN) is associated with increased safety risk-taking behaviors, which in turn are related to more accidents, injuries, and higher levels of accident underreporting. Additionally, we proposed that sexual minority status would exacerbate the relationship between conformity to masculine gender norms and safety risk-taking behaviors. Using two-wave lagged survey data obtained from N = 403 working adults, findings supported the proposed moderated-mediation model. High conformity to masculine gender norms was associated with increased safety risk-taking behaviors, accidents, injuries, and accident underreporting. Moreover, the relationship between CMGN and safety-risk-taking behaviors was stronger among homosexual men compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Additionally, safety risk-taking behaviors mediated the relationship between CMGN and safety outcomes. Finally, this indirect effect was stronger among homosexual men. Combined, these findings suggest that CMGN adversely impacts employee safety outcomes via safety-related risk-taking. We discuss these implications as well as the need for interventions designed to decrease risk taking behaviors in light of CMGN, particularly among sexual minorities.

Can Shariah board characteristics influence risk-taking behavior of Islamic banks?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal AlAbbad ◽  
M. Kabir Hassan ◽  
Irum Saba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Return ◽  
Board Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study whether the characteristics of the Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) can influence the risk-taking behaviors of Islamic banks. Design/methodology/approach The data on governance were collected from 70 Islamic banks’ annual reports across 18 countries for the period from 2000 to 2011 to investigate the relationship between SSB’s characteristics including size, busyness and foreign board and the Islamic banks’ risk activities. Findings The size of SSB and the proportion of busy board in SSB positively and significantly influence Islamic banks’ asset return and insolvency risks. Foreign members are more effective in monitoring banks’ Shariah compliance. Further analysis provides some evidence that most of the findings on the associations between the SSB structure and bank risk are derived from countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council where Shariah governance is ruled internally at the bank level. Practical implications There is a need for better Shariah board characteristics in place that complement with other governance mechanisms to well comprehend the main purpose of Islamic banks. Originality/value SSB board busyness and foreign characteristics appear to influence the risk-taking behaviors of Islamic banks.

Enhanced methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in risk-taking rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumasa Takahashi ◽  
Michimasa Toyoshima ◽  
Yukio Ichitani ◽  
Kazuo Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Preference Score ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
High Reward ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Reinstatement Test

Patients with psychiatric disorders, such as gambling and substance use, tend to exhibit maladaptive decision-making. In this study, we assessed individual differences in risk-taking behaviors using a rat gambling task (GT) and investigated the relationship between risk-taking behaviors and vulnerability to drug dependence using methamphetamine (METH)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). In the GT using a radial arm maze, male Long-Evans rats were trained to choose one of three choice arms (a low-risk/low-reward (L-L), a high-risk/high-reward (H-H), and an empty arm) in 16 trials per day for 14 days. METH-induced CPP consisted of 6 sessions: habituation, conditioning, preference test (Test I), extinction, extinction test (Test II), and reinstatement test (Test III). Results demonstrated that the percentage of choosing the H-H arm was significantly positively correlated with the preference score for the METH-paired compartment in the preference test, but not with the extinction and reinstatement tests, suggesting that risk-taking rats are more vulnerable to drug dependence.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mating Induction on Men’s Financial Risk-Taking: Relationship Experience Matters

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Zhuanzhuan Wang ◽  
Anrun Zhu ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Cai Xing
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Substantial evidence from experimental studies has shown that mating motivation increases men’s financial risk-taking behaviors. The present study proposed a new moderator, men’s past relationship experience, for this well-accepted link between mating motivation and financial risk-taking tendency. Heterosexual young men were randomly assigned to the mating condition and control condition, and they completed a set of financial risk-taking tasks and reported their past relationship experience. A significant main effect of mating motivation and a significant interaction effect between experimental conditions (mating group and control group) and relationship experience emerged, suggesting that mating motivation increased financial risk-taking tendency only among men who have never been committed in a romantic relationship, rather than those who have had such experience. This moderating effect was replicated in two experiments. The present study contributed to the understanding of individual differences in the relationship between mating motivation and male financial risk-taking. The present findings also have important implications for financial industry and gambling companies to better target clients and advertise their high-risk products.

Early conduct problems and later risk of teenage pregnancy in girls

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIANNE J. WOODWARD ◽  
DAVID M. FERGUSSON
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The relationship between conduct problems at age 8 years and teenage pregnancy by the age of 18 years was analyzed in a birth cohort of 491 girls. A statistically significant association was found between early conduct problems and later risk of teenage pregnancy, with girls in the most disturbed 10% of the cohort having a pregnancy rate that was 5.3 times higher (p < .001) than the rate found in the least disturbed 50% of the cohort. The elevated risk of teenage pregnancy amongst girls with early conduct problems was in part, explained by social and family factors that were correlated with early conduct problems, and in part, by a causal chain process in which early conduct problems were associated with increased rates of risk taking behaviors in adolescence, which in turn led to an increased risk of teenage pregnancy. These results suggest that the higher rate of teenage pregnancy among girls with early conduct problems reflected both their relatively disadvantaged family backgrounds and their tendencies to risk taking behavior in adolescence.

Governance, risk-taking and default risk during the financial crisis: the evidence of Japanese regional banks

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Regional Banks ◽  
Governance Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Purpose This study aims to provide additional insights by further investigating the governance aspects including board composition, risk monitoring and management by the board, ownership structures as well as the incentive compensation. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates the relationships between corporate governance, risk-taking behaviors and default risk by analyzing 78 publicly listed Japanese regional banks during the 2007-2008 crisis period. Findings Banks that were more diversified in the run-up to the crisis were associated with higher default risk during the crisis. Foreign shareholders may have prompted banks to engage in higher risk-taking activities in pursuit of higher returns, putting banks at a higher risk of default. On the other hand, board-level risk management committees may have mitigated the risks to protect firms from rising default. Finally, banks perceived to have better quality accounting information, by being audited by one of the Big 4 auditors, benefitted by mitigating price misevaluation and thus reducing default risk during the crisis. Originality/value Different from the majority of previous related studies on the relationship between governance and performance of stock returns, the current study focuses on the relationship between governance and default risk during the crisis which has a more direct link through which governance practices can affect risk-taking behaviors and thus the default risk during the crisis. In addition to examining conventional governance aspects, this study also focuses on the more relevant aspects of banks’ risk monitoring functions.

The Relationship Between Life Satisfaction, Risk-Taking Behaviors, and Youth Violence

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. MacDonald ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Robert F. Valois ◽  
Keith J. Zullig
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Familial altruism and reputation risk: evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqing “Chevy” Fang ◽  
Yulin Shi ◽  
Zhenyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reputation Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

PurposeThe authors study the effects of altruism and intention for succession on family firm's reputation risk-taking behaviors in Chinese publicly listed companies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use earnings management as a proxy for reputation risk in family firms, and hand-collected relationship between family members to measure the closeness of incumbent family members and their potential successors as a proxy for the altruistic degree.FindingsResults show that, in developing countries like China, familial altruism in family firms with succession plans, which does not reduce the practice of earnings management, should be considered by practitioners while detecting it.Originality/valueThe hand collected data are very unique; the authors have focused on the relationship between incumbents and successors and the authors define their closeness by using genes shared between them.

Chronic Self-Destructiveness, Hopelessness, and Risk-Taking in College Students

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Kelly ◽  
Amanda L. Rollings ◽  
Jenny G. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The relationship of chronic self-destructiveness and hopelessness to risk-taking behaviors was examined. College undergraduates (131 men, 114 women) completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Hopelessness), Chronic Self-destructiveness Scale (Self-destructiveness), and Expected Involvement Scale (Involvement) of the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Activities questionnaire. For both men and women, there were significant positive correlations between Self-destructiveness and Hopelessness scores. In men, there also were positive relationships between Self-destructiveness scores and Involvement in specific risky activities in the next 6 mo. These included illicit drug use, aggressive or illegal behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, heavy drinking, and irresponsible academic or work behaviors. In women, Self-destructiveness scores had a positive relationship with expected Involvement in heavy drinking and irresponsible academic or work behaviors. The only correlation between Hopelessness and Involvement scores for men was a negative one with expected participation in high risk sports. There were no significant correlations between Hopelessness and Involvement scores for women.

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