Modulatory Effect of Lippia alba Essential Oil on the Activity of Clinically Used Antimicrobial Agents on Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae Biofilm

The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) has shown great pharmacological potential as an analgesic, antispasmodic, and antimicrobial agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulatory effect of Lippia alba essential oil (LaEO I) on the activity of clinically used antimicrobial agents on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi) and Shigella dysenteriae biofilms. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of LaEO I (MICLaEO I) was determined by the microdilution method, and the effect of LaEO I on the activity of clinically used antimicrobials was assessed by the Checkboard method. The values obtained from MICLaEO I and ciprofloxacin were used to evaluate the effect of time of exposure on cell viability. LaEO I main components were geranial (34.2%), neral (25.9%), and myrcene (12.5%). The MICLaEO I was 1 mg/mL for both strains. LaEO I positively modulated the action of ciprofloxacin, cefepime, and ceftriaxone. After the first hour of treatment with MICLaEO I, the cell viability of the strains showed a 5 log10 CFU/mL reduction, and the LaEO I-CIP association was able to inhibit growth during the first 6 h of the test. Regarding the anti-biofilm activity, MICLaEO I was able to reduce the biofilm mass of Salmonella typhi by 61.2% and of Shigella dysenteriae by 38.9%. MICLaEO I was not able to eradicate the preformed biofilm; however, there was a reduction in the biofilm microbial viability. LaEO I has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent and interferes with biofilm formation; also, it is able to reduce cell viability in preformed biofilm and synergistically modulate the activity of ciprofloxacin.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anthriscus nemorosa Root Essential Oil

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600229 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600

Author(s):

Milica Pavlović ◽

Silvana Petrović ◽

Marina Milenković ◽

Maria Couladis ◽

Olga Tzakou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Main Components ◽

Total Oil ◽

Root Essential Oil

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the roots of Anthriscus nemorosa (Bieb.) Sprengel (Umbelliferae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Among sixty-two compounds identified (representing 89.0% of the total oil), the main components were: n-nonane (12.1%), n-hexadecanol (6.9%), δ-cadinene (6.4%), β-pinene (6.0%) and germacrene D (5.4%). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), the Gramnegative bacterium Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and a yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 10259 and ATCC 24433) using the broth microdilution method.

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In Vitro Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Lippia alba Essential Oil, Citral, and Carvone against Staphylococcus aureus

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2017/4962707 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Emanuela Mesquita Porfírio ◽

Hider Machado Melo ◽

Antônio Matheus Gomes Pereira ◽

Theodora Thays Arruda Cavalcante ◽

Geovany Amorim Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Clinical Interest

In vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the Lippia alba essential oil and its major components (citral and carvone) against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. Essential oils (LA1EO, LA2EO, and LA3EO) were extracted from the aerial parts of three L. alba specimens by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) were determined by the microdilution method. For the antibiofilm assays, the biomass formation in the biofilm was evaluated by the microtiter-plate technique with the crystal violet (CV) assay and the viability of the bacterial cells was analyzed. All oils and their major components presented antibacterial activity, and the lowest MIC and MBC values were 0.5 mg mL−1 when LA1EO and citral were used. Potential inhibition (100%) of S. aureus biofilm formation at the concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1 of all EOs was observed. However, the elimination of biofilm cells was confirmed at concentrations of 1 mg mL−1, 2 mg mL−1, 2 mg mL−1, and 0.5 mg mL−1 for LA1EO, LA2EO, LA3EO, and citral, respectively. The results obtained in the present research point to the promising antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of L. alba EOs against S. aureus, a species of recognized clinical interest.

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Biological activities of essential oil extracted from leaves of Atalantia sessiflora Guillauminin Vietnam

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.12469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (09) ◽

pp. 1054-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nhan Trong Le ◽

Matthew Gavino Donadu ◽

Duc Viet Ho ◽

Tuan Quoc Doan ◽

Anh Tuan Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Mtt Method ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Main Components ◽

Dsdna Viruses

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the chemical compositions and bioactivities of the essential oil of Atalantia sessiflora Guillaumin (A. sessiflora), including antibacterial, antimycotic, antitrichomonas, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Methodology: The essential oil from leaves of A. sessiflora was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Chemical compositions of oil were identified by GC/MS. Antimicrobial and antitrichomonas activity were determined by the microdilution method; anti-inflammatory and antiviral were determined by the MTT method. Results: The average yield of oil was 0.46 ± 0.01% (v/w, dry leaves). A number of 45 constituents were identified by GC/MS. The essential oil comprised four main components. The oil showed antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive strains as Staphylococcus; Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli; and finally four Candida species. Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were least susceptible to the oil of A. sessiflora, as seen in their MIC and MLC values over 16% (v/v). Activity against Trichomonas vaginalis was also undertaken, showing IC50, IC90 and MLC values of 0.016, 0.03 and 0.06% (v/v) respectively, after 48 hours of incubation. The oil of A. sessiflora displayed activity against the nitric oxide generation with the IC50 of 95.94 ± 6.18 µg/mL. The oil was completely ineffective against tested viruses, ssRNA+, ssRNA-, dsRNA, and dsDNA viruses. Conclusions: This is the first yet comprehensive scientific report about the chemical compositions and pharmacological properties of the essential oil of A. sessiflora. Further studies should be done to evaluate the safety and toxicity of A. sessiflora oil.

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Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Seseli globiferum Essential Oil

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600831 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600

Author(s):

Peđa Janaćković ◽

Marina Soković ◽

Ljubodrag Vujisić ◽

Vlatka Vajs ◽

Ivan Vucković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Main Components ◽

Total Oil

The essential oil from aerial parts of Seseli globiferum Vis. obtained by hydrodistillation with Clevenger-type apparatus was analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified, representing 99.4% of the total oil. The main components of the oil were sabinene (38.0%), α-pinene (21.2%) and β-phellandrene (13.5%). The microbial growth inhibitory properties of the isolated essential oil were determined using the broth microdilution method against seven bacterial species: Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 13311), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Enterobacter cloacae (clinical isolates), Bacillus cereus (clinical isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Micrococcus flavus (ATCC 10240) and three fungal species: Aspergillus niger (ATCC 6275), Aspergillus versicolor (ATCC 11730), Trichoderma viride (IAM 5061) and Penicillium funiculosum (ATCC 36839). The essential oil showed activity against bacteria P. aeruginosa, followed by M. flavus, L. monocytigenes and E. coli, and all investigated fungal species.

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Trema orientalis Linn. Blume: Susceptibility Patterns of Selected Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Fungi to the Leaf Extracts

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2020/v8i230190 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

P. O. Fabowale ◽

A. O. Ogundare ◽

P. Awoyinka ◽

O. Agunloye

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Ether ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Trema Orientalis

This study investigates the antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Trema orientalis linn. Blume. The selected isolates used in the study includes Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus faecalis, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus mirabilis, Haemolytic Streptococcus viridian, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans ,and Aspergillus flavus. The antibiogram profile of the organism was obtained using the disc diffusion method. Tannin, flavonoid, Terpenoid, Saponin, and cardiac glycosides were found present in T. orientalis. The antibiotic sensitivity test reveals the presence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria. The agar well diffusion method was used to assay the antibiotic activities of the extract. The extracts were prepared from T. orientalis using Methanol and petroleum ether as extraction solvents. The antibacterial assay shows the efficacy of the methanol and petroleum ether extracts except on S. aureus ATCC 43300 and Shigella dysenteriae. The highest zones of inhibition by methanol and petroleum ether extracts were recorded on Salmonella typhi of 22.003 ± 0.003 mm and 32.002 ± 0.002 mm, respectively. The fungal isolates were susceptible to the extracts with the zones 11.67±0.33 mm and 13.67±0.33 mm. The results of the sensitivity test compared well with that of the antimicrobial test. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ranged between 3.125- 25.00 mg/mL. T. Orientalis contains bioactive compounds that has antimicrobial effects. The leaf of Trema orientalis has broad - spectrum activity, hence T. Orientalis methanol and Petroleum ether extracts is recommended for exploration as source of antimicrobial agents.

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Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Marrubium Incanum Desr. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400324 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Silvana Petrović ◽

Milica Pavlović ◽

Zoran Maksimović ◽

Marina Milenković ◽

Maria Couladis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Growth Inhibitory ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Main Components ◽

Total Oil

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Marrubium incanum Desr. (Lamiaceae), obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-six compounds were identified, representing 96.3% of the total oil. The main components of the oil were ( E)-caryophyllene (27.0%), germacrene D (26.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.5%). The microbial growth inhibitory properties of the isolated essential oil were determined using the agar diffusion and broth microdilution method against seven bacterial species ( Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, Micrococcus flavus ATCC 10240, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIMB 9111, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), and two strains of the yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 10259 and ATCC24433). The essential oil showed activity against all the microorganisms tested, but differences in microbial susceptibility were registered.

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Antibacterial Biodegradable Films Based on Alginate with Silver Nanoparticles and Lemongrass Essential Oil–Innovative Packaging for Cheese

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11092377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2377

Author(s):

Ludmila Motelica ◽

Denisa Ficai ◽

Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea ◽

Anton Ficai ◽

Vladimir-Lucian Ene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Ag Nps ◽

Biodegradable Packaging ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

Replacing the petroleum-based materials in the food industry is one of the main objectives of the scientists and decision makers worldwide. Biodegradable packaging will help diminish the environmental impact of human activity. Improving such biodegradable packaging materials by adding antimicrobial activity will not only extend the shelf life of foodstuff, but will also eliminate some health hazards associated with food borne diseases, and by diminishing the food spoilage will decrease the food waste. The objective of this research was to obtain innovative antibacterial films based on a biodegradable polymer, namely alginate. Films were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy, complex thermal analysis (TG-DSC-FTIR), UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Water vapor permeability and swelling behavior were also determined. As antimicrobial agents, we used silver spherical nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and lemongrass essential oil (LGO), which were found to act in a synergic way. The obtained films exhibited strong antibacterial activity against tested strains, two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi). Best results were obtained against Bacillus cereus. The tests indicate that the antimicrobial films can be used as packaging, preserving the color, surface texture, and softness of cheese for 14 days. At the same time, the color of the films changed (darkened) as a function of temperature and light presence, a feature that can be used to monitor the storage conditions for sensitive food.

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Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587214553302 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 50-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mahmoodreza R. Moein ◽

Kamiar Zomorodian ◽

Keyvan Pakshir ◽

Farnoosh Yavari ◽

Marjan Motamedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Trachyspermum Ammi ◽

Total Oil ◽

Fraction I

Resistance to antibacterial agents has become a serious problem for global health. The current study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of essential oil and respective fractions of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague. Seeds of the essential oil were extracted and fractionated using column chromatography. All fractions were then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of the oil and its fractions were assessed using microdilution method. Compounds γ-terpinene (48.07%), ρ-cymene (33.73%), and thymol (17.41%) were determined as major constituents. The effect of fraction II was better than total essential oil, fraction I, and standard thymol. The greater effect of fraction II compared to standard thymol showed the synergistic effects of the ingredients in this fraction. As this fraction and also total oil were effective on the studied microorganism, the combination of these products with current antimicrobial agents could be considered as new antimicrobial compounds in further investigations.

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