scholarly journals Larger Countermovement Increases the Jump Height of Countermovement Jump

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sánchez-Sixto ◽  
Andrew Harrison ◽  
Pablo Floría
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
The Self ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Force Application ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters

Simulation studies show that jump performance can be improved by increasing the depth of countermovement. The purpose of this study was to determine how modifications to the depth of countermovement lead to changes in jump height and the biomechanical parameters related to center of mass displacement and force application. Twenty-nine competitive males participated in this investigation, performing nine countermovement jumps using a self-selected, a deep, and a shallow crouch position. Jump height and relative net vertical impulse were greater when using a deeper crouch position, compared to the self-selected position. Force application variables did not report differences, when the deeper countermovement was compared to the self-selected countermovement; although, the shallower countermovement showed higher values in force application parameters. The deeper countermovement jumps achieved higher velocities of the center of mass than the self-selected jumps, while shallower jumps produced lower velocities than the self-selected jumps. The results of this investigation were consistent with simulation studies, showing that deep countermovements increase net vertical impulse, leading to a higher jump height. In addition, the maximum downward velocity was higher, when the crouch position was deeper. Conversely, force-applied variables did not change when jump performance was increased.

scholarly journals Efecto de modificar la profundidad y velocidad del contramovimiento durante el salto vertical (Effects of countermovement depth and velocity modifications during the vertical jump)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Alberto Sánchez-Sixto ◽  
Julio López-Álvarez ◽  
Pablo Floría
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Initial Force ◽  
Propulsion Phase

Objetivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de modificar la profundidad y la velocidad del contramovimiento en el salto vertical. Material y método. Once jugadores de deportes colectivos participaron en este estudio y realizaron 9 saltos con contramovimiento: 3 en los que ellos seleccionaban la velocidad y profundidad del contramovimiento (CMJ), 3 en los que incrementaban la profundidad del contramovimiento y seleccionaban libremente su velocidad (CMJP) y 3 en los que incrementaban la profundidad y velocidad del contramovimiento (CMJPR). La altura máxima, el tiempo, la fuerza, la velocidad y el desplazamiento del centro de masas fueron calculadas durante la fase de contramovimiento y de propulsión. Resultados. No se encontraron mejoras substanciales entre ninguno de los tres tipos de salto llevados a cabo por los participantes. En el CMJPR se consiguió incrementar substancialmente la fuerza máxima y la fuerza inicial con respecto al CMJ. En el CMJP todas las variables de fuerza fueron inferiores que en el CMJ. El tiempo de la fase de contramovimiento fue inferior en el CMJ en comparación con el CMJP, no existiendo diferencias con el CMJPR. El tiempo de la fase de propulsión fue inferior en el CMJ en comparación con los otros dos saltos. Conclusión. Incrementos en la profundidad del contramovimiento del CMJ a través de una orden simple, no fueron capaces de conseguir un aumento del rendimiento en el salto vertical en la presente investigación.Abstract. Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of countermovement depth and velocity modification in the vertical jump. Materials and methods. Eleven team sport players participated in this investigation performing nine countermovement jumps: 3 self-selected countermovement jumps (CMJ), 3 countermovement jumps with a deeper countermovement depth (CMJP) and 3 countermovement jumps with a deeper countermovement depth and a higher downward movement velocity (CMJPR). Jump height, time, force, velocity and center of mass displacement were measured during the countermovement and the propulsion phase. Results. No differences in jump height were found between the three types of jump. CMJPR showed a substantial increase in maximum force and initial force in comparison with the CMJ. CMJP force variables were lower than the values obtained during the CMJ. The time of the countermovement phase was lower in the CMJ in comparison with the CMJP, and no differences were found between the CMJ and the CMJPR. The time of the propulsion phase was lower than the other countermovement jumps performed. Conclusion. Increases in the countermovement depth of the CMJ through a simple instruction did not increase the vertical jump performance in the present investigation.

Pelvic Kinematic Method for Determining Vertical Jump Height

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Z.F. Chiu ◽  
George J. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Impulse Method ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Kinematic Method ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
Vertical Jumps

Sacral marker and pelvis reconstruction methods have been proposed to approximate total body center of mass during relatively low intensity gait and hopping tasks, but not during a maximum effort vertical jumping task. In this study, center of mass displacement was calculated using the pelvic kinematic method and compared with center of mass displacement using the ground-reaction force-impulse method, in experienced athletes (n= 13) performing restricted countermovement vertical jumps. Maximal vertical jumps were performed in a biomechanics laboratory, with data collected using an 8-camera motion analysis system and two force platforms. The pelvis center of mass was reconstructed from retro-reflective markers placed on the pelvis. Jump height was determined from the peak height of the pelvis center of mass minus the standing height. Strong linear relationships were observed between the pelvic kinematic and impulse methods (R2= .86;p< .01). The pelvic kinematic method underestimated jump height versus the impulse method, however, the difference was small (CV = 4.34%). This investigation demonstrates concurrent validity for the pelvic kinematic method to determine vertical jump height.

Relative Net Vertical Impulse Determines Jumping Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Kirby ◽  
Jeffrey M. McBride ◽  
Tracie L. Haines ◽  
Andrea M. Dayne
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Velocity Peak ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between relative net vertical impulse and jump height in a countermovement jump and static jump performed to varying squat depths. Ten college-aged males with 2 years of jumping experience participated in this investigation (age: 23.3 ± 1.5 years; height: 176.7 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 84.4 ± 10.1 kg). Subjects performed a series of static jumps and countermovement jumps in a randomized fashion to a depth of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 m and a self-selected depth (static jump depth = 0.38 ± 0.08 m, countermovement jump depth = 0.49 ± 0.06 m). During the concentric phase of each jump, peak force, peak velocity, peak power, jump height, and net vertical impulse were recorded and analyzed. Net vertical impulse was divided by body mass to produce relative net vertical impulse. Increasing squat depth corresponded to a decrease in peak force and an increase in jump height and relative net vertical impulse for both static jump and countermovement jump. Across all depths, relative net vertical impulse was statistically significantly correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= .9337,p< .0001, power = 1.000) and countermovement jump (r= .925,p< .0001, power = 1.000). Across all depths, peak force was negatively correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= –0.3947,p= .0018, power = 0.8831) and countermovement jump (r= –0.4080,p= .0012, power = 0.9050). These results indicate that relative net vertical impulse can be used to assess vertical jump performance, regardless of initial squat depth, and that peak force may not be the best measure to assess vertical jump performance.

scholarly journals Efecto del entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y pliometría en variables biomecánicas del salto vertical en jugadoras de baloncesto Effects of combined plyometric and resistance training in biomechanical variables of the vertical jump in basketball players)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Alberto Sánchez-Sixto ◽  
Pablo Floría
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Combined Training

Objetivo. El propósito de la presente investigación fue determinar y comparar el efecto de un entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y pliometría en el rendimiento del salto vertical y en los parámetros de aplicación de fuerza, velocidad y desplazamiento del centro de gravedad durante el salto vertical. Material y método. Veinticinco jugadoras de baloncesto participaron en éste estudio y fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria a dos grupos: grupo entrenamiento y grupo control. El grupo de entrenamiento añadió a sus sesiones en pista 2 sesiones por semana de entrenamiento combinado: sentadilla profunda (50-65% de 1 repetición máxima de 3-6 repeticiones) y saltos repetidos (5-7 series de 5 saltos repetidos). El salto con contra-movimiento fue medido antes y después de las 6 semanas de entrenamiento. Resultados. Mejoras substanciales y probables fueron encontradas en la altura del salto vertical (12.2%). También se hallaron incrementos en la velocidad máxima durante el contramovimiento (14.0%), en la posición de máxima profundidad del centro de gravedad en la fase de bajada (10.9%). Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias en la fuerza máxima durante la fase de subida. Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que el entrenamiento combinado mejora el rendimiento en el salto vertical en jugadoras de baloncesto y modifica el desplazamiento y las velocidades del centro de gravedad. Abstract. Purpose. The purpose of this investigation was determine and compare de effects of a combined plyometric and resistance training in the jump performance and the variables of force applied, velocity and displacement of the center of mass during the countermovement jump. Material and Method. Twenty five woman basketball players participated in this study and they were randomized assigned in two groups: a training group (n = 13) and a control group (n = 12). The training group performed 2 sessions per week of a combined plyometric and resistance training: deep squat (55-75% of 1RM of 3-6 repetitions) and jumps (5-7 series of 5 jumps). The countermovement jump was measured before and after 6 weeks of training. Results. The jump height showed a substantial increase after the training intervention (12.2%). In addition, the maximum velocity of the center of mass during the downward movement phase showed an increase (14.0). The crouch position was a 10.9% deeper after the training intervention. No differences were found in the force application variables of the countermovement when the training intervention ended. Conclusion. The outcomes of this investigation show that the combined training improve the jumping performance in women basketball players and modify the velocity and displacement of the center of mas during the countermovement jump.

Influence of Dorsiflexion Shoes on Jump Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Juan J. Salinero ◽  
Cristina González-Millán ◽  
Javier Abián-Vicén ◽  
Juan Del Coso Garrigós
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Sports Shoes

The goal of dorsiflexion sports shoes is to increase jumping capacity by means of a lower position of the heel in relation to the forefoot which results in additional stretching of the ankle plantar flexors. The aim of this study was to compare a dorsiflexion sports shoe model with two conventional sports shoe models in a countermovement jump test. The sample consisted of 35 participants who performed a countermovement jump test on a force platform wearing the three models of shoes. There were significant differences in the way force was manifested (P< 0.05) in the countermovement jump test, with a decrease in the velocity of the center of gravity and an increase in force at peak power and mean force in the concentric phase. Moreover, peak power was reached earlier with the dorsiflexion sports shoe model. The drop of the center of gravity was increased in CS1 in contrast to the dorsiflexion sports shoe model (P< .05). However, the dorsiflexion sports shoes were not effective for improving either peak power or jump height (P> .05). Although force manifestation and jump kinetics differ between dorsiflexion shoes and conventional sports shoes, jump performance was similar.

Effects of Unloaded Sprint and Heavy Sled Training on Sprint Performance in Physically Active Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362
Author(s):  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco ◽  
Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal ◽  
Beatriz Bachero-Mena ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Custodio ◽  
José Antonio Asián-Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Future Studies

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of unresisted versus heavy sled sprint training (0% vs 40% body mass [BM]) on sprint performance in women. Moreover, the effects of the aforementioned loads on resisted sprint and jump performance were analyzed. Methods: Twenty-eight physically active women were randomly allocated into 2 groups: unloaded sprint training group (G0%, n = 14), and resisted sprint training with 40% BM group (G40%, n = 14). Pretraining and posttraining assessments included countermovement jump, unloaded 30-m sprint, and 20-m sprint with 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% BM. Times to cover 0 to 10 (T10), 0 to 20 (T20), 0 to 30 (T30), 10 to 20 (T10–20), 20 to 30 (T20–30), and 10 to 30 m (T10–30) were recorded. Both groups were trained once a week for 8 weeks and completed the same training program, but with different loads (0% vs 40% BM). Results: No significant time × group interactions were observed. For unloaded sprint performance, G0% showed significant (P = .027) decreases only in T10–20, while G40% attained significant decreases in T30 (P = .021), T10–30 (P = .015), and T20–30 (P = .003). Regarding resisted sprint performance, G0% showed significant (P = .010) improvements only for the 20% BM condition. The G40% group attained significant improvements in all loading conditions (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% BM). Both groups showed significant improvements (P < .001) in countermovement jump height. Conclusions: In physically active women, no significant differences in sprint and countermovement jump performance were detected after 8 weeks of resisted and unresisted sprint training programs. Future studies should, therefore, be devoted to how sprint training should be individualized to maximize performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Co-Ingestion of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and L-Arginine α-Ketoglutarate on Jump Performance in Young Track and Field Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Piotr Kaczka ◽  
Katarzyna Kubicka ◽  
Amit Batra ◽  
Marcin Maciejczyk ◽  
Edyta Kopera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Training Cycle

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of simultaneous supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and L-Arginine α-ketoglutarate on lower limb power and muscle damage in medium distance runners aged 15.3 (±0.9) years old. Methods: The study group consisted of 40 volunteers aged 14–17 years practicing medium distance running for at least two years. The study lasted 12 days and followed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design. All subjects attended a familiarization session on day 0 before the test. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: supplements and placebo group. The same training cycle protocol was used in both groups during the 12-day training period. Morning warm-up involved 10 min jogging at 60–75% of maximal heart rate and countermovement jump height measurement. Main training units were carried out for both groups with the same volume. Training load assessment (the daily session Rating of Perceived Exertion (s-RPE) method) method takes into consideration the intensity and the duration of the training session to calculate the “training load” (TL). Results: At the end of the training cycle, a significant (p = 0.002) decrease in the countermovement jump (CMJ) height was found in the placebo group when compared to the baseline. In the supplement group, there was no decrease in the countermovement jump height. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase concentration increased during the training days similarly in both groups and decreased on rest days. There were no differences between groups in enzymes concentration. The research results indicate that the supplement combination used in the supplements group prevented a reduction in the CMJ values. In contrast to the supplements group, in the placebo group, the CMJ changes were statistically significant: a noticeable (p = 0.002) decrease in CMJ was noted between the baseline measurement and the 6th measurement. The well-being of the subjects from both groups changed significantly during the training period, and the intergroup differences in the mood level were similar and not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the daily co-supplementation with calcium salt of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (7.5 g) and L-Arginine α-ketoglutarate (10 g) during training might help to prevent decline in jump performance. No influence on muscle damage markers or mood was shown.

scholarly journals Both Caffeine and Placebo Improve Vertical Jump Performance Compared With a Nonsupplemented Control Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Sandro Venier ◽  
Pavle Mikulic
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Gelatin Capsule ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To compare the acute effects of caffeine and placebo ingestion with a control condition (ie, no supplementation) on vertical jump performance. Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 26 recreationally trained men. Following the familiarization visit, the subjects were randomized in a double-blind manner to 3 main conditions: placebo, caffeine, and control. Caffeine was administered in the form of a gelatin capsule in the dose of 6 mg·kg body weight−1. Placebo was also administered in the form of a gelatin capsule containing 6 mg·kg−1 of dextrose. Vertical jump performance was assessed using a countermovement jump performed on a force platform. Analyzed outcomes were vertical jump height and maximal power output. Results: For vertical jump height, significant differences were observed between placebo and control conditions (g = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.24; +2.5%), caffeine and control conditions (g = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17–0.50; +6.6%), and caffeine and placebo conditions (g = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06–0.34; +4.0%). For maximal power output, no significant main effect of condition (P = .638) was found. Conclusions: Ingesting a placebo or caffeine may enhance countermovement jump performance compared with the control condition, with the effects of caffeine versus control appearing to be greater than the effects of placebo versus control. In addition, caffeine was ergogenic for countermovement jump height compared with placebo. Even though caffeine and placebo ingestion improved vertical jump height, no significant effects of condition were found on maximal power output generated during takeoff.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Maximum Strength and Vertical Jump Performance in Junior Speed Skaters

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Raluca Doina Ștef ◽  
Emilia Florina Grosu
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Maximal Isometric Force

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between back squat maximal strength, maximal isometric force, jump squat and countermovement jump and whether power training improves parameters mentioned above in well-trained speed skaters. Sixteen athletes devided in two groups, performed two maximal squat strength test and two vertical jump test before and after the intervention program. Absolute strength showed a strong correlation with squat jump height (r = 0.762, p < 0.001) and countermovement jump height (r = 0.760, p < 0.001) but also between maximal isometric force and squat jump (r = 0.418, p = 0.036). Percentage change within the experiment group were significantly different from pre to post intervention for each parameter tested in the order described, respectively: 14%; 16.8%; 14.9%; 9.1%. These results suggest that jump squat training can improve several athletic performances developing high levels of lower body strength to enhance jump performance.

Neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to gross motor performance in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Victoria Marchese ◽  
Kelly Rock ◽  
Teresa York ◽  
Robert Creath ◽  
Vicki Gray
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Age And Sex

PURPOSE: This study explored neuromuscular mechanisms and clinical measures that contribute to countermovement jump performance in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL CCS) compared to age- and sex-matched peers. METHODS: This exploratory cross-sectional observational study examined 12 participants, six ALL CCS and six age- and sex-matched peers (7–16 years). During a countermovement jump, rates of muscle activation of lower leg muscles were measured with electromyography, and joint torques and peak jump height with force plates and a motion capture system. Clinical measures included muscle extensibility, balance, and mobility measured by active ankle dorsiflexion, Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency (BOT-2), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. RESULTS: Compared to peers, ALL CCS demonstrated reduced gastrocnemius muscle extensibility and tibialis anterior rate of muscle activation, decreased jump height, and poorer performance on the BOT-2 and TUG. Jump height was significantly correlated with clinical measures of the BOT-2 and TUG. CONCLUSION: These ALL CCS demonstrated neuromuscular impairments that may impact jump performance, an essential childhood physical activity. Further research is needed to explore intervention strategies to improve the neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to high-level gross motor skills in ALL CCS.

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