scholarly journals Sprinting Biomechanics and Hamstring Injuries: Is There a Link? A Literature Review

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Rudy N. Kalema ◽  
Anthony G. Schache ◽  
Morgan D. Williams ◽  
Bryan Heiderscheit ◽  
Gabriel Siqueira Trajano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Link

Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is a common and costly injury in many sports such as the various professional football codes. Most HSIs have been reported to occur during high intensity sprinting actions. This observation has led to the suggestion that a link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs may exist. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the available scientific evidence underpinning the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. A structured search of the literature was completed followed by a risk of bias assessment. A total of eighteen studies were retrieved. Sixteen studies involved retrospective and/or prospective analyses, of which only three were judged to have a low risk of bias. Two other case studies captured data before and after an acute HSI. A range of biomechanical variables have been measured, including ground reaction forces, trunk and lower-limb joint angles, hip and knee joint moments and powers, hamstring muscle–tendon unit stretch, and surface electromyographic activity from various trunk and thigh muscles. Overall, current evidence was unable to provide a clear and nonconflicting perspective on the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. Nevertheless, some interesting findings were revealed, which hopefully will stimulate future research on this topic.

WoCoVA consensus on the clinical use of in-line filtration during intravenous infusions: Current evidence and recommendations for future research

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982198916
Author(s):  
Ton Van Boxtel ◽  
Mauro Pittiruti ◽  
Annemarie Arkema ◽  
Patrick Ball ◽  
Giovanni Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The need for filtering intravenous infusions has long been recognized in the field of venous access, though hard scientific evidence about the actual indications for in-line filters has been scarce. In the last few years, several papers and a few clinical studies have raised again this issue, suggesting that the time has come for a proper definition of the type of filtration, of its potential benefit, and of its proper indications in clinical practice. The WoCoVA Foundation, whose goal is to increase the global awareness on the risk of intravenous access and on patients’ safety, developed the project of a consensus on intravenous filtration. A panel of experts in different aspects of intravenous infusion was chosen to express the current state of knowledge about filtration and to indicate the direction of future research in this field. The present document reports the final conclusions of the panel.

scholarly journals The Oral Microbiota: A Literature Review for Updating Professionals in Dentistry. Part I

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Cristina Barboza-Solís DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Luis Alberto Acuña-Amador PhD
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Keyword Searches

In recent decades, a body of literature examining the relationships between oral health and general health has rapidly developed. However, the biological mechanisms involved in explaining such relationships have not been fully described. Recent evidence has suggested that these relationships could be partially explained by the composition and interaction of the microbiome/microbiota between local and systemic body sites. For instance, it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota could have effects on non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to explore current evidence of the link between oral and systemic diseases, to discuss whether oral microbiome/microbiota could represent an unexplored biological pathway partially explaining those relationships. A non-systematic review of the literature was carried out using keyword searches in Pubmed from February to May 2019. The ultimate goal was to present recent scientific evidence to update the general knowledge on this topic to professionals in dentistry. This review is divided in two parts for journal publication; however, it is intended to be used as one piece. In this first part, we will summarize the conceptual background of oral microbiome/microbiota, we will describe the main methods used in microbiology to characterize oral organisms, and will present the main composition of bacteria in oral microbiome/microbiota. The second part highlights the main evidence regarding the biological plausibility that links oral microbiome and systemic diseases and we will conclude with some future research recommendations. Taking into account the role of oral microbiota in the development of systemic diseases could change the main paradigm of how oral health is currently conceptualized by dental professionals.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Brain Neurostimulation Therapies for the Treatment of Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420
Author(s):  
Timothy R Deer ◽  
Steven Falowski ◽  
Jeff E Arle ◽  
Jan Vesper ◽  
Julie Pilitsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Work Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Moderate Evidence

Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic literature review of brain neurostimulation for pain. Design Grade the evidence for deep brain neurostimulation (DBS). Methods An international, interdisciplinary work group conducted a literature search for brain stimulation. Abstracts were reviewed to select studies for grading. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were graded by two independent reviewers. General inclusion criteria were prospective trials (RCTs and observational) that were not part of a larger or previously reported group. Excluded studies were retrospective or existed only as abstracts. Studies were graded using the modified Interventional Pain Management Techniques–Quality Appraisal of Reliability and Risk of Bias Assessment, the Cochrane Collaborations Risk of Bias assessment, and the United States Preventative Services Task Force level-of-evidence criteria. Results Two high-quality RCTs and three observational trials supported DBS, resulting in Level II (moderate) evidence. Conclusion Moderate evidence supports DBS to treat chronic pain. Additional Level I RCTs are needed to further the strength of the evidence in this important area of medicine, but the current evidence suggests that DBS should be considered as an option in treating complex pain cases.

Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage in Germany: Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyde Steffen ◽  
Ida Sperle ◽  
Thomas Harder ◽  
Navina Sarma ◽  
Sandra Beermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

Abstract Background: Despite being considered as a low prevalence country for hepatitis B (HBV), some populations in Germany are at higher risk of infection. In the context of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) viral hepatitis elimination goals a valid epidemiological data base is needed to plan and monitor the national response. Prevention strategies include general and targeted HBV vaccination programmes. Objective: The aim of this work was to estimate the HBV vaccination coverage (VC) in the general population (GP) and different population groups in Germany from available evidence and to identify current evidence gaps for future research.Methods: We conducted a systematic review on HBV VC in the general population and populations at high risk of HBV exposure or severe infection in Germany. We included eligible publications (01/01/2017 to 06/06/2020) from databases Embase, Pubmed and Livivo, from a previous scoping review (including data published 01/01/2005-17/03/2017), from the national surveillance system and screened the reference lists of all publications at full text level. Risk of bias was assessed using the Hoy et al tool. Results: We included 68 publications of 67 studies and assigned them to the respective population groups. Twenty-one studies contained data among children/adolescents and three among adults from the GP (VC 65.8% - 90.5% and 22.9% - 52.1%, respectively), one among travellers to HBV endemic countries (VC 89%), 13 among immunocompromised populations (VC 11.5% - 89%), 16 among populations with occupational risk and 16 with non-occupational risk of HBV exposure (VC 63.6% - 96.5% and 4.4% - 52%, respectively). Conclusion: Comprehensive evidence at low risk of bias was identified for children/adolescents. owever, 25 years after including HBV in the national immunisation schedule, VC in Germany is still below the 95%-goal defined by WHO. For people at occupational risk of HBV exposure, VC was mostly reported to be over the WHO goal of 80%, but quality of evidence was heterogenous and should be improved. For people at non-occupational risk of HBV exposure, evidence was sparse and of low quality. The low VC highlights the need for future research to plan vaccination programmes targeting these populations.

Translating Games Into Effective Health Results Using Digital Tools

2022 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Duarte Vital Brito ◽  
Hernâni Zão Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
Study Designs

The use of gamification in the health context, especially to trigger behavior change, has assumed a particular relevance. However, the scientific evidence that supports the effectiveness of gamified methodologies has constituted a barrier to the implementation of projects. This chapter draws on a review of this theme, identifying barriers and opportunities for using gamification mechanisms. Results show that digital games are often considered as more enjoyable, engaging, and interesting solutions that are able to increase access, autonomy, self-efficacy, compliance to treatment, and knowledge acquisition. However, most studies reported a high risk of bias due to small-sized samples, short follow-up times, and lack of randomized control trials or more robust study designs. Therefore, future research should target older adults, ensure longer periods of follow-up, bigger samples, and include randomized control trials. Involvement of patients and health professionals is also a key component to ensure a more effective and regulated delivery of such solutions within the healthcare system.

A systematic review of eHealth physical activity interventions for adults affected by cancer: current evidence and directions for future research (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ester ◽  
Maximilian Eisele ◽  
Amanda Wurz ◽  
Meghan H. McDonough ◽  
Margaret McNeely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Health Technologies

BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) interventions can increase PA and improve well-being among adults affected by cancer, yet most do not meet cancer-specific PA recommendations. Lack of time, limited access to facilities, and travel distances are barriers to participating in PA interventions. Electronic health technologies (eHealth) may address some of these barriers and serve as a viable way to promote PA behavior change in this population. Nevertheless, no review has synthesized available evidence across eHealth and cancer types from July 2018 onward, nor examined the use of behavioral theory and behavior change techniques (BCTs) leaving important gaps in knowledge. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive, updated overview of evidence on eHealth PA interventions for adults with cancer by (1) describing the current state of the literature, (2) exploring associations between intervention characteristics and effectiveness, (3) assessing the bias and completeness of evidence, and (4) identifying future research needs. METHODS Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SportDiscus, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for articles describing eHealth PA interventions for adults affected by cancer. Study selection and data extraction was performed in duplicate with consultation from the senior author. BCT coding, risk of bias, and completeness of reporting were performed using standardized tools. Results were summarized via narrative synthesis and harvest plots. Weight analyses were conducted to explore associations between intervention characteristics and effectiveness. RESULTS Seventy-one articles (67 studies) involving 6655 participants (Mage=56.7±8.2 years) were included. Nearly 50% of included articles were published after July 2018. Significant post-intervention increases in PA levels were noted in 52% of studies and PA maintenance noted in 5 of the 12 studies that included a follow-up. Study duration, primary objectives, and eHealth modality (e.g. websites, activity trackers, text messaging) varied widely. Social cognitive theory (34%) was the most commonly used theory. The mean number of BCTs used across studies was 13.5±5.5 with self-monitoring, credible source, and goal-setting being used in over 90% of studies. Weight analyses showed greatest associations between increased PA levels and PA as a primary outcome (0.621), interventions using websites (0.656) or mobile apps (0.563), interventions integrating multiple behavioral theories (0.750), and interventions using BCTs of problem solving (0.657) and action planning (0.645). All studies had concerns with high risk of bias, mostly due to risk of confounding and measurement bias, and incomplete reporting. CONCLUSIONS A range of eHealth PA interventions may increase PA levels among adults affected by cancer and specific intervention components (e.g. websites, use of theory, action planning) may be linked to greater effectiveness. However, more work is needed to ascertain and optimize effectiveness, measure long-term effects, and address concerns with bias and incomplete reporting. This evidence is required to support arguments for integrating eHealth within PA promotion in oncology. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO: CRD42020162181.

scholarly journals UEFA expert group statement on nutrition in elite football. Current evidence to inform practical recommendations and guide future research

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2019-101961
Author(s):  
James Collins ◽  
Ronald John Maughan ◽  
Michael Gleeson ◽  
Johann Bilsborough ◽  
Asker Jeukendrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Global Game ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Football is a global game which is constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays a valuable integrated role in optimising performance of elite players during training and match-play, and maintaining their overall health throughout the season. An evidence-based approach to nutrition emphasising, a ‘food first’ philosophy (ie, food over supplements), is fundamental to ensure effective player support. This requires relevant scientific evidence to be applied according to the constraints of what is practical and feasible in the football setting. The science underpinning sports nutrition is evolving fast, and practitioners must be alert to new developments. In response to these developments, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) has gathered experts in applied sports nutrition research as well as practitioners working with elite football clubs and national associations/federations to issue an expert statement on a range of topics relevant to elite football nutrition: (1) match day nutrition, (2) training day nutrition, (3) body composition, (4) stressful environments and travel, (5) cultural diversity and dietary considerations, (6) dietary supplements, (7) rehabilitation, (8) referees and (9) junior high-level players. The expert group provide a narrative synthesis of the scientific background relating to these topics based on their knowledge and experience of the scientific research literature, as well as practical experience of applying knowledge within an elite sports setting. Our intention is to provide readers with content to help drive their own practical recommendations. In addition, to provide guidance to applied researchers where to focus future efforts.

scholarly journals Does deforestation promote or inhibit malaria transmission in the Amazon? A systematic literature review and critical appraisal of current evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1722) ◽  
pp. 20160125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Tucker Lima ◽  
Amy Vittor ◽  
Sami Rifai ◽  
Denis Valle
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The Relationship

Considerable interest in the relationship between biodiversity and disease has recently captured the attention of the research community, with important public policy implications. In particular, malaria in the Amazon region is often cited as an example of how forest conservation can improve public health outcomes. However, despite a growing body of literature and an increased understanding of the relationship between malaria and land use / land cover change (LULC) in Amazonia, contradictions have emerged. While some studies report that deforestation increases malaria risk, others claim the opposite. Assessing malaria risk requires examination of dynamic processes among three main components: (i) the environment (i.e. LULC and landscape transformations), (ii) vector biology (e.g. mosquito species distributions, vector activity and life cycle, plasmodium infection rates), and (iii) human populations (e.g. forest-related activity, host susceptibility, movement patterns). In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review on malaria risk and deforestation in the Amazon focusing on these three components. We explore key features that are likely to generate these contrasting results using the reviewed articles and our own data from Brazil and Peru, and conclude with suggestions for productive avenues in future research. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.

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