Assessment of Small-Scale Ecosystem Conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: A Study from Rio Canoas State Park, Southern Brazil

The efficiency of the environmental management of a territory largely depends on previous surveys and systematic studies on the main elements and conditions of the physical environment. We applied remote sensing and digital image processing techniques (Principal Component Analysis and supervised classification) to Landsat imagery for analyzing the spatiotemporal land cover changes occurred in the Rio Canoas State Park in Brazil and its surrounding area from 1990 to 2016. Reforested areas around the park with exotic species is a part of the region’s economy and a number of industries depend on it for raw materials. However, it is a matter of concern to avoid contamination with such invasive species, due to the proximity of the Park. From 1990 to 2004, more than 95% of the study area was unchanged and showed minimal distinction in land cover over the 14 years. This was mainly due to the continuous presence of agricultural monocultures around the Park without significant increases (only 3.1% of land cover change during this period). Regarding the interior of the Rio Canoas State Park, from 1990 to 2004, there was no increase in the area of exposed soil. The analysis of the surrounding areas of the park from 2004 to 2016 showed that 5663.78 ha (12.2% of the area) of the land cover has been changed, in most areas, due to reforestation by Pinus sp. Notable changes occurred within the park (established in 2004) between 2004 and 2016—there was a partial regeneration of natural species diversity, a small number of invasive species (Pinus sp.) and removal of agricultural activities within the park, which contributed a 6.6% (75.45 ha) change in its land cover. We verified that 92.51% (1048.40 ha) of the areas inside the park were unchanged. The results demonstrated that actions were conducted to preserve the natural vegetation cover within the park and to reduce the impacts of anthropogenic activities, including the invasion of exotic species from the surrounding reforested areas into the natural habitat of the park. Given this, our study can aid the environmental management of the Park and its surrounding areas, enabling the monitoring of environmental legislation, the creation of a management plan, and can guide new action plans for the present study area and can be applied to other similar regions.

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A study of spatial and temporal distribution of land utilization pattern in Mopka village using RS & GIS

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v5i1.24580 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soni Prasoon ◽

Singh Pushpraj

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Sustainable Land Use ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Land Utilization ◽

Land Use Pattern ◽

Barren Land

Remote Sensing and GIS is a very good modality for retrospection and the strategy for better exploitation of sustainable land use system. The present study was conducted in the Bilaspur district for analyzing the spatial distribution of Land Use Change. During last decades the increasing population of Bilaspur city, affect the land use pattern of Mopka Village. The anthropogenic activities were affecting the agricultural land along with barren land. For the development of civic amenities the land of the above village was used. The main objective of the present study is to analyses the land use/land cover distribution in Mopka village, Bilaspur district in between last 12 years and to identify the main forces behind the changes. The objectives of present studies are, to create a land use land cover maps of Mopka village using satellite imagery. To analysis the temporal changes of village area in between the year 2000 and 2012, the primary, secondary and satellite data were used. The results of the present study show that the decadeial changes due to population growth and increasing demand of infrastructure were destroying the natural resources, natural habitat and soil structure of area.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (1): 1-9, June, 2015

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Assessments of Nipa Forest Using Landsat Imagery Enhanced with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photography

Applied Environmental Research ◽

10.35762/aer.2020.42.3.5 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

Tantus Piekkoontod ◽

Bhumiphat Pachana ◽

Karnjana Hrimpeng ◽

Kitsanai Charoenjit

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

High Resolution ◽

Land Cover ◽

Mangrove Forest ◽

Landsat Imagery ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Small Scale ◽

Ground Field ◽

High Resolution Data ◽

High Resolution Imagery

Nipa palms are exposed by the transformation of land use and land cover changes (LULCC) due to changes to aquaculture and orchards. Modern remote sensing for environmental monitoring of LULCC has been made easier by the use of high spatial resolution images, innovative image processing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The expense of high-resolution satellite imagery has resulted in investigators moving to open sources (e.g., Landsat), therefore, the interpretation of images at a medium resolution can be classified simply as LULCC classes and are constrained by the detection of small-scale disturbances. This research applied Landsat imagery with very high-resolution imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In order to be useful for real-world applications, the accuracy of remote sensing data must be validated using proven ground-based methods. UAVs equipped with multispectral sensors were flown over the Nipa palms at the Prasae River, Rayong Province, Thailand. The main advantage of UAV-based remote sensing is that it reduces costs and immediate availability of high-resolution data. The UAV imagery was expensed as “drone truthing data” to train image classification algorithms. These results show that UAV data can be used effectively to support and categorize similar land-cover/use classes (aquaculture vs. mangrove forest vs. nipa forest) with consistently high identification of over 87.6% on the generated thematic map, where the mangrove forest detection rate was as high as 86%. For that reason, UAVs are engaged successively in management and conservation tasks, which can be used for regional or local scale studies to compare the achieved accuracy to a general regional land cover map. This approach can be used for the variability of plants to rectify land-cover classification. Therefore, UAV images are a very useful tool to fill the gap between remote sensing information and expensive ground field campaigns.

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Mapping of Sicilian Pocket Beaches Land Use/Land Cover with Sentinel-2 Imagery: A Case Study of Messina Province

Land ◽

10.3390/land10070678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Giovanni Randazzo ◽

Maria Cascio ◽

Marco Fontana ◽

Francesco Gregorio ◽

Stefania Lanza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Google Earth ◽

Small Scale ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Classification Methods ◽

Biophysical Parameters ◽

Spectral Angle Mapper ◽

Sentinel 2

Pocket beaches (PBs) are among the most attractive tourist sites and economic development contributors in coastal areas; however, they are negatively impacted by the combined effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities. Generally, research on PBs is conducted from the beach towards offshore. Studies on the land use/land cover (LULC) of PBs are limited and currently lacking. Such studies deserve more investigation due to the importance of LULC in PBs’ functioning. In this study, supervised classification methods were investigated for LULC mapping of the PBs located in the province of Messina. Sentinel-2B satellite images were analyzed using maximum likelihood (MaL), minimum distance (MiD), mahalanobis distance (MaD) and spectral angle mapper (SAM) classification methods. The study was conducted mainly in order to determine which classification method would be adequate for small scale Sentinel-2 imagery analysis and provide accurate results for the LULC mapping of PBs. In addition, an occurrence-based filter algorithm in conjunction with OpenStreetMap data and Google Earth imagery was used to extract linear features within 500 m of the inland buffer zone of the PBs. The results demonstrate that information on the biophysical parameters, namely surface cover fractions, of the coastal area can be obtained by conducting LULC mapping on Sentinel-2 images.

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Statistical Analsysis to Evaluate Heavy Metal Pollution in the Air Obatained by Moss Technique in Hanoi and its Surrounding Region

Communications in Physics ◽

10.15625/0868-3166/29/3si/14336 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (3SI) ◽

pp. 411

Author(s):

N. H. Quyet ◽

Le Hong Khiem ◽

V. D. Quan ◽

T. T. T. My ◽

M. V. Frontasieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Principal Component ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Five Factors ◽

Heavy Metal Elements ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Potential Pollution

The aim of this paper was the application of statistical analysis including principal component analysis to evaluate heavy metal pollution obtained by moss technique in the air of Ha Noi and its surrounding areas and to evaluate potential pollution sources. The concentrations of 33 heavy metal elements in 27 samples of Barbula Indica moss in the investigated region collected in December of 2016 in the investigated area have been examined using multivariate statistical analysis. Five factors explaining 80% of the total variance were identified and their potential sources have been discussed.

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CONSERVATION OF RARE SPECIES PLANTS AND LICHENS IN SITU WITH PLANNED ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES: BASIC APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES

Engineering survey ◽

10.25296/1997-8650-2018-12-7-8-38-45 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (7-8) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

A. N. EFREMOV ◽

N. V. PLIKINA ◽

T. ABELI

Keyword(s):

Rare Species ◽

Technology Implementation ◽

Technology Development ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Local Population ◽

Main Stage ◽

Social Risks

Rare species are most vulnerable to man-made impacts, due to their biological characteristics or natural resource management. As a rule, the economic impact is associated with the destruction and damage of individual organisms, the destruction or alienation of habitats. Unfortunately, the conservation of habitat integrity is an important protection strategy, which is not always achievable in the implementation of industrial and infrastructural projects. The aim of the publication is to summarize the experience in the field of protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ), to evaluate and analyze the possibility of using existing methods in design and survey activities. In this regard, the main methodological approaches to the protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ) during the proposed economic activity were reflected. The algorithm suggested by the authors for implementing the in situ project should include a preparatory stage (initial data collection, preliminary risk assessments, technology development, obtaining permitting documentation), the main stage, the content of which is determined by the selected technology and a long monitoring stage, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the taken measures. Among the main risks of in situ technology implementation, the following can be noted: the limited resources of the population that do not allow for the implementation of the procedure without prior reproduction of individuals in situ (in vitro); limited knowledge of the biology of the species; the possibility of invasion; the possibility of crossing for closely related species that сo-exist in the same habitat; social risks and consequences, target species or population may be important for the local population; financial risks during the recovery of the population. The available experience makes it possible to consider the approach to the conservation of rare species in situ as the best available technology that contributes to reducing negative environmental risks.

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Dispersal and Land Cover Contribute to Pseudorabies Virus Exposure in Invasive Wild Pigs

EcoHealth ◽

10.1007/s10393-020-01508-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Felipe A. Hernández ◽

Amanda N. Carr ◽

Michael P. Milleson ◽

Hunter R. Merrill ◽

Michael L. Avery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Small Scale ◽

Wild Pigs ◽

Bacterial Agent ◽

Open Canopy

AbstractWe investigated the landscape epidemiology of a globally distributed mammal, the wild pig (Sus scrofa), in Florida (U.S.), where it is considered an invasive species and reservoir to pathogens that impact the health of people, domestic animals, and wildlife. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that two commonly cited factors in disease transmission, connectivity among populations and abundant resources, would increase the likelihood of exposure to both pseudorabies virus (PrV) and Brucella spp. (bacterial agent of brucellosis) in wild pigs across the Kissimmee Valley of Florida. Using DNA from 348 wild pigs and sera from 320 individuals at 24 sites, we employed population genetic techniques to infer individual dispersal, and an Akaike information criterion framework to compare candidate logistic regression models that incorporated both dispersal and land cover composition. Our findings suggested that recent dispersal conferred higher odds of exposure to PrV, but not Brucella spp., among wild pigs throughout the Kissimmee Valley region. Odds of exposure also increased in association with agriculture and open canopy pine, prairie, and scrub habitats, likely because of highly localized resources within those land cover types. Because the effect of open canopy on PrV exposure reversed when agricultural cover was available, we suggest that small-scale resource distribution may be more important than overall resource abundance. Our results underscore the importance of studying and managing disease dynamics through multiple processes and spatial scales, particularly for non-native pathogens that threaten wildlife conservation, economy, and public health.

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Using a Groundwater Adjusted Water Balance Approach and Copulas to Evaluate Spatial Patterns and Dependence Structures in Remote Sensing Derived Evapotranspiration Products

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13050853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 853

Author(s):

Mohsen Soltani ◽

Julian Koch ◽

Simon Stisen

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Balance ◽

Spatial Pattern ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Principal Component ◽

Small Scale ◽

Dependence Structure ◽

Test Case ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Balance Approach

This study aims to improve the standard water balance evapotranspiration (WB ET) estimate, which is typically used as benchmark data for catchment-scale ET estimation, by accounting for net intercatchment groundwater flow in the ET calculation. Using the modified WB ET approach, we examine errors and shortcomings associated with the long-term annual mean (2002–2014) spatial patterns of three remote-sensing (RS) MODIS-based ET products from MODIS16, PML_V2, and TSEB algorithms at 1 km spatial resolution over Denmark, as a test case for small-scale, energy-limited regions. Our results indicate that the novel approach of adding groundwater net in water balance ET calculation results in a more trustworthy ET spatial pattern. This is especially relevant for smaller catchments where groundwater net can be a significant component of the catchment water balance. Nevertheless, large discrepancies are observed both amongst RS ET datasets and compared to modified water balance ET spatial pattern at the national scale; however, catchment-scale analysis highlights that difference in RS ET and WB ET decreases with increasing catchment size and that 90%, 87%, and 93% of all catchments have ∆ET < ±150 mm/year for MODIS16, PML_V2, and TSEB, respectively. In addition, Copula approach captures a nonlinear structure of the joint relationship with multiple densities amongst the RS/WB ET products, showing a complex dependence structure (correlation); however, among the three RS ET datasets, MODIS16 ET shows a closer spatial pattern to the modified WB ET, as identified by a principal component analysis also. This study will help improve the water balance approach by the addition of groundwater net in the ET estimation and contribute to better understand the true correlations amongst RS/WB ET products especially over energy-limited environments.

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Triticum polonicum L. as potential source material for the biofortification of wheat with essential micronutrients

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262118000394 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 213-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Teresa Bieńkowska ◽

Elżbieta Suchowilska ◽

Wolfgang Kandler ◽

Rudolf Krska ◽

Marian Wiwart

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Principal Component ◽

Small Scale ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Triticum Polonicum ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Modern Wheat ◽

Wheat Lines ◽

Source Materials

AbstractThe grain of modern wheat cultivars has a significantly lower mineral content, including the content of copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous, selenium and zinc. For this reason cereal breeders, are constantly searching for new genetic sources of minerals that are essential in human nutrition. Triticum polonicum, which is grown on a small scale in Spain, southern Italy, Algeria, Ethiopia and warm regions of Asia, deserves special attention in this context. The micronutrient and macronutrient content of T. polonicum versus T. durum and T. aestivum was compared in this study. Polish wheat grain was characterized by the significantly highest content of phosphorus (4.55 g/kg), sulphur (1.82 g/kg), magnesium (1.42 g/kg), zinc (49.5 mg/kg), iron (39.1 mg/kg) and boron (0.56 mg/kg) as well as a low content of aluminium (only 1.04 mg/kg). The macronutrient profile of most T. polonicum lines differed completely from that of common wheat and durum wheat. The principal component analysis supported discrimination of seven Polish wheat lines with a particularly beneficial micronutrient profile (P2, P3, P5, P7, P9, P22 and P25). These lines were characterized by the highest content of copper, iron and zinc, as well as the lowest concentrations of strontium, aluminium and barium which are undesirable in food products. The above lines can be potentially applied as source materials for breeding new wheat varieties. The results of this study indicate that Polish wheat could be used in genetic biofortification of durum wheat and common wheat.

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Geochemical and statistical evaluation of groundwater in the Thamirabarani river basin, south India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-163816/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gajendran Chellaiah ◽

Basker ◽

Hima Pravin ◽

Suneel Kumar Joshi ◽

Sneha Gautam

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Statistical Evaluation ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Principal Component ◽

Chloride Ion ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Point Sources ◽

International Standards

Abstract In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop the dictate metrics using a multi-proxy approach, i.e., spatial-temporal analysis, statistical evaluation, and hydrogeochemical analysis for 45 water samples located in the Thamirabarani river basin in Tamil Nadu, India. In order to evaluate the aptness of developed metrics for agriculture and domestic needs, eleven years dataset was analyzed and compared with national and international standards. Monitoring and analysis results revealed that the concentration of calcium and chloride ion was on the higher side in all the selected locations. These higher values may be attributed to the regional point sources such as untreated water disposal and off-peak sources such as agriculture practices. The principal component analysis resulted in 84.2% of the total variance in the post-monsoon season dataset. The major analyzed cations and anions were observed in the following order: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ and Cl−> HCO3−> SO42−> NO3−, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that the studied area's groundwater quality was significantly affected by the high salinity in the region, probably due to anthropogenic activities and unprotected river sites.

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Watershed Health Changes based on Vegetated Land Cover in the Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java, Province, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 940 (1) ◽

pp. 012045

Author(s):

K Marko ◽

D Sutjiningsih ◽

E Kusratmoko

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Land Cover ◽

Supervised Classification ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Landsat Imagery ◽

West Java ◽

Health Changes ◽

The North ◽

Health Level ◽

Watershed Health

Abstract The increase in built-up land and the decrease in vegetated land due to human activities have worsened watershed health from time to time. This study aims to assess the watershed’s health and changes every ten years based on the percentage of vegetated land cover except agricultural land in the Upper Citarum watershed, West Java. Land cover information was obtained from the processing of Landsat imagery in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 based on remote sensing using the supervised classification method. The watershed health level is determined by calculating the percentage of vegetated land cover of 173 catchments. The results show that the area of the vegetated land cover decreased from 1990 to 2000, then increased from 2000 to 2010, and decreased again from 2010 to 2020. Changes in the area of vegetated land in each period of the year affect the health level of the watershed in a spatiotemporal manner. Although these changes occur in a fluctuating manner, the number of unhealthy catchments in the Upper Citarum watershed is increasing, especially in the Ci Kapundung sub-watershed in the north and Ci Sangkuy in the south.

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