scholarly journals Comparison between Daytime and Nighttime Scenery Focusing on Restorative and Recovery Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3326
Author(s):  
SangHyun Cheon ◽  
Soyoung Han ◽  
Mintai Kim ◽  
Yoonku Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Physiological Variations ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate psycho-physiological variations in human bodies by observing visual images of daytime and nighttime scenery to focus on restorative and recovery effects. Unlike previous studies that have focused on the natural versus built environments, this study aims to compare restorative and recovery potentials between daytime and nighttime. The experiment was conducted by showing a total of 12 images to 60 participants in order to measure the brain response with an electroencephalogram (EEG). As measures of the psychological impact of the images, perceived restorative and recovery scales were used. The self-reported data indicates that daytime sceneries are rated more positively than nighttime sceneries in terms of restorative and recovery effects. According to the EEG results, restorative and recovery feelings have negative relationships with the relative theta band, while positive relationships are shown with the relative alpha band. The correlation analysis between EEG bands and brain regions showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with 46 pairs for the daytime scenery stimuli and 52 pairs for the nighttime scenery stimuli. Through the results of the study, we conclude that daytime and nighttime scenery affect restorative feelings and the human brain response through both verbal and non-verbal methods.

scholarly journals Message-Elicited Brain Response Moderates the Relationship Between Opportunities for Exposure to Anti-Smoking Messages and Message Recall

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-611
Author(s):  
Elissa C Kranzler ◽  
Ralf Schmälzle ◽  
Rui Pei ◽  
Robert C Hornik ◽  
Emily B Falk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Campaign success is contingent on adequate exposure; however, exposure opportunities (e.g., ad reach/frequency) are imperfect predictors of message recall. We hypothesized that the exposure-recall relationship would be contingent on message processing. We tested moderation hypotheses using 3 data sets pertinent to “The Real Cost” anti-smoking campaign: past 30-day ad recall from a rolling national survey of adolescents aged 13–17 (n = 5,110); ad-specific target rating points (TRPs), measuring ad reach and frequency; and ad-elicited response in brain regions implicated in social processing and memory encoding, from a separate adolescent sample aged 14–17 (n = 40). Average ad-level brain activation in these regions moderates the relationship between national TRPs and large-scale recall (p &lt; .001), such that the positive exposure-recall relationship is more strongly observed for ads that elicit high levels of social processing and memory encoding in the brain. Findings advance communication theory by demonstrating conditional exposure effects, contingent on social and memory processes in the brain.

scholarly journals Genetic influences on brain representations of natural audiovisual experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nishida ◽  
Shunsuke Toyoda ◽  
Chika Honda ◽  
Mikio Watanabe ◽  
Miina Ollikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Movie Clip ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Natural sensory inputs in everyday situations induce unique experiences that vary between individuals, even when inputs are identical. This experiential uniqueness stems from the representations of sensory signals in each brain. We investigated whether genetic factors control individual differences in sensory representations in the brain by studying the brain representations of natural audiovisual signals in twin-pairs. We measured the brain response to natural movies in twins using functional magnetic resonance imaging and quantified the genetic influence on the multivoxel-pattern similarity of movie clip representations between each twin. The whole-brain analysis revealed a genetic influence on the multivoxel-pattern similarity in widespread brain regions, which included the occipitotemporal sensory cortices as well as the frontoparietal association cortices and subcortical structures. Our findings suggest that genetic factors exhibit an effect on natural audiovisual signaling by controlling audiovisual representations in the brain.

Simulation of Brain Response to Noncontact Impacts Using Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Na ◽  
Timothy J. Beavers ◽  
Abhijit Chandra ◽  
Sarah A. Bentil
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Finite element (FE) method has been widely used for gaining insights into the mechanical response of brain tissue during impacts. In this study, a coupled Eulerian−Lagrangian (CEL) formulation is implemented in impact simulations of a head system to overcome the mesh distortion difficulties due to large deformation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) region and provide a biofidelic model of the interaction between the brain and skull. The head system used in our FE model is constructed from the transverse section of the human brain, with CSF modeled by Eulerian elements. Spring connectors are applied to represent the pia-arachnoid connection between the brain and skull. Validations of the CEL formulation and the FE model are performed using the experimental results. The dynamic response of brain tissue under noncontact impacts and the brain regions susceptible to injury are evaluated based on the intracranial pressure (ICP), maximum principal strain (MPS), and von Mises stress. While tracking the critical MPS location on the brain, higher likelihood of contrecoup injury than coup injury is found when sudden brain−skull motion takes place. The accumulation effect of CSF in the ventricle system, under large relative brain−skull motion, is also identified. The FE results show that adding relative angular velocities, to the translational impact model, not only causes a diffuse high strain area, but also cause the temporal lobes to be susceptible to cerebral contusions since the protecting CSF is prone to be squeezed away at the temporal sites due to the head rotations.

scholarly journals Electroencephalogram Profiles for Emotion Identification over the Brain Regions Using Spectral, Entropy and Temporal Biomarkers

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Noor Kamal Al-Qazzaz ◽  
Mohannad K. Sabir ◽  
Sawal Hamid Bin Mohd Ali ◽  
Siti Anom Ahmad ◽  
Karl Grammer
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Spectral Entropy ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The University ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

Identifying emotions has become essential for comprehending varied human behavior during our daily lives. The electroencephalogram (EEG) has been adopted for eliciting information in terms of waveform distribution over the scalp. The rationale behind this work is twofold. First, it aims to propose spectral, entropy and temporal biomarkers for emotion identification. Second, it aims to integrate the spectral, entropy and temporal biomarkers as a means of developing spectro-spatial ( S S ) , entropy-spatial ( E S ) and temporo-spatial ( T S ) emotional profiles over the brain regions. The EEGs of 40 healthy volunteer students from the University of Vienna were recorded while they viewed seven brief emotional video clips. Features using spectral analysis, entropy method and temporal feature were computed. Three stages of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were undertaken so as to identify the emotional biomarkers and Pearson’s correlations were employed to determine the optimal explanatory profiles for emotional detection. The results evidence that the combination of applied spectral, entropy and temporal sets of features may provide and convey reliable biomarkers for identifying S S , E S and T S profiles relating to different emotional states over the brain areas. EEG biomarkers and profiles enable more comprehensive insights into various human behavior effects as an intervention on the brain.

Dynamic Analysis of Human Brain in the Pain State by Electroencephalography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Tavasoli ◽  
zahra einalou ◽  
Reza Akhondzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Neural Network Classifier ◽  
Unpleasant Sensation ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
Pain State ◽  
Dynamical Features ◽  
Pain Detection ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objective Pain is an unpleasant sensation that is important in all therapeutic conditions. So far, some studies have focused on pain assessment and cognition through different tests and methods. Considering the occurrence of pain causes, along with the activation of a long network in brain regions, recognizing the dynamical changes of the brain in pain states is helpful for pain detection using the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Therefore, the present study addressed the above-mentioned issue by applying EEG at the time of inducing phasic pain. Results Phasic pain was produced using coldness and then dynamical features via EEG were analyzed by the Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) method, and finally, the Rough neural network classifier was utilized for achieving accuracy regarding detecting and categorizing pain and non-pain states, which was 95.25\(\pm\)4%. The simulation results confirmed that cerebral behaviors are detectable during pain. In addition, the high accuracy of the classifier for evaluating the dynamical features of the brain during pain occurrence is one of the most merits of the proposed method. Eventually, pain detection can improve medical methods.

Consumer neuroscience: Assessing the brain response to marketing stimuli using electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye tracking

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 3803-3812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami N. Khushaba ◽  
Chelsea Wise ◽  
Sarath Kodagoda ◽  
Jordan Louviere ◽  
Barbara E. Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Consumer Neuroscience ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Brain connectivity at different time-scales measured with EEG

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1457) ◽  
pp. 1015-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Koenig ◽  
D Studer ◽  
D Hubl ◽  
L Melie ◽  
W.K Strik
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

We present an overview of different methods for decomposing a multichannel spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) into sets of temporal patterns and topographic distributions. All of the methods presented here consider the scalp electric field as the basic analysis entity in space. In time, the resolution of the methods is between milliseconds (time-domain analysis), subseconds (time- and frequency-domain analysis) and seconds (frequency-domain analysis). For any of these methods, we show that large parts of the data can be explained by a small number of topographic distributions. Physically, this implies that the brain regions that generated one of those topographies must have been active with a common phase. If several brain regions are producing EEG signals at the same time and frequency, they have a strong tendency to do this in a synchronized mode. This view is illustrated by several examples (including combined EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) and a selective review of the literature. The findings are discussed in terms of short-lasting binding between different brain regions through synchronized oscillations, which could constitute a mechanism to form transient, functional neurocognitive networks.

scholarly journals Calcium channel blockade with nimodipine reverses MRI evidence of cerebral oedema following acute hypoxia

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Rowland ◽  
Martyn Ezra ◽  
Anderson Winkler ◽  
Payashi Garry ◽  
Catherine Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Calcium Flux ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
The Brain

Acute cerebral hypoxia causes rapid calcium shifts leading to neuronal damage and death. Calcium channel antagonists improve outcomes in some clinical conditions, but mechanisms remain unclear. In 18 healthy participants we: (i) quantified with multiparametric MRI the effect of hypoxia on the thalamus, a region particularly sensitive to hypoxia, and on the whole brain in general; (ii) investigated how calcium channel antagonism with the drug nimodipine affects the brain response to hypoxia. Hypoxia resulted in a significant decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a measure particularly sensitive to cell swelling, in a widespread network of regions across the brain, and the thalamus in particular. In hypoxia, nimodipine significantly increased ADC in the same brain regions, normalizing ADC towards normoxia baseline. There was positive correlation between blood nimodipine levels and ADC change. In the thalamus, there was a significant decrease in the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in resting state functional MRI and an apparent increase of grey matter volume in hypoxia, with the ALFF partially normalized towards normoxia baseline with nimodipine. This study provides further evidence that the brain response to acute hypoxia is mediated by calcium, and importantly that manipulation of intracellular calcium flux following hypoxia may reduce cerebral cytotoxic oedema

scholarly journals Genetic influences on brain representations of natural audiovisual experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nishida ◽  
Shunsuke Toyoda ◽  
Chika Honda ◽  
Mikio Watanabe ◽  
Miina Ollikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Movie Clip ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Natural sensory inputs in everyday situations induce unique experiences that vary between individuals, even when inputs are identical. This experiential uniqueness stems from the representations of sensory signals in each brain. We investigated whether genetic factors control individual differences in sensory representations in the brain by studying the brain representations of natural audiovisual signals in twin-pairs. We measured the brain response to natural movies in twins using functional magnetic resonance imaging and quantified the genetic influence on the multivoxel-pattern similarity of movie clip representations between each twin. The whole-brain analysis revealed a genetic influence on the multivoxel-pattern similarity in widespread brain regions, which included the occipitotemporal sensory cortices as well as the frontoparietal association cortices and subcortical structures. Our findings suggest that genetic factors exhibit an effect on natural audiovisual signaling by controlling audiovisual representations in the brain.

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