scholarly journals Employability and Sustainability of Young Graduates in the Slovak Labour Market: Counterfactual Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4462
Author(s):  
Lucia Svabova ◽  
Marek Durica ◽  
Katarina Kramarova ◽  
Katarina Valaskova ◽  
Katarina Janoskova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Counterfactual Approach

A necessary condition for economic development and raising living standards in Slovakia is to address employment issues in a way that would inter alia contribute to employment sustainability. This important fact mirrors in the study that directly analyses the employability and sustainability of young unemployed jobseekers, participants of the intervention “Graduate Practice”, in the Slovak labour market in 2014–2017 by applying a counterfactual approach. The intervention is one of the active policy measures in the labour market, and its implementation is subject to the specifics of the excluded group of the unemployed. Its aim is to help the members of the group find a job and gain work experience and habits. The impacts of the intervention on the employability and sustainability of young graduates were evaluated based on real data using the caliper-matching technique, the technique of the propensity score-matching method. The intervention database was relatively robust and included 42,626 participants over a 24-month impact period. In the analysis, we considered both the effectiveness and efficiency of the Graduate Practice. The findings point to no or very weak effects of the intervention, especially to the long-term sustainability of jobs. However, its impact on the state budget we consider as positive due to the intervention’s ability to reduce total costs of unemployed graduates. From the methodology point of view, the use of the method is appropriate in finding possible imbalances in the active and passive policies of the labour market. The results of the study themselves have the explanatory power not only for Slovak policymakers but also for policymakers at the level of the European Union. The results are helpful in creating other interventions and setting their conditions for future periods to bring a desired effect on employability and sustainability of members of excluded groups in general.

Qualitative Survey of Graduate Practice — An Intervention for Young Unemployed Jobseekers in Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 910-918
Author(s):  
Lucia Svabova ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Borik ◽  
Marek Durica ◽  
Johanna Grudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
Potential Employer ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Active Labour

Active labour market policy interventions are vide used tool of a government against unemployment. One of the most frequently used intervention for young jobseekers in Slovakia is a Contribution for Graduate practice. This measure is intended for young unemployed jobseekers as a tool of gaining first contact with the open labour market and with potential employer and gaining first work experiences. In this paper we present a qualitative survey of Graduate practice that was made as an ex-post evaluation of this intervention by its participants in Slovakia. This evaluation of the intervention was carried out at the request of the European Commission not only in Slovakia but also in several countries of the European Union. The qualitative evaluation, as a part of this rigorous intervention evaluation, provides feedback from the real intervention participants and brings some suggestions to improve the parameters and conditions of Graduate practice intervention and its realization. These improvements are useful not only for participants themselves, for companies in which young graduates are employed but also for the state budget in the form of returned or saved invested funds because of better functioning of the intervention. Based on the results of this feedback from its real participants, some parameters, conditions and details of the Graduate practice intervention have been changed and added in Slovakia.

Material deprivation and employment status in post-transition: Evidence from North Macedonia

SEER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Dimitar Nikoloski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Adjustment Mechanisms

Poverty and social exclusion are often associated with unemployment, but being employed is not always sufficient to provide decent living conditions for workers and their families. In this context, the aim of this article, drawing on SILC micro data, is to assess the underlying causes of severe material deprivation in North Macedonia from the point of view of employment status, particularly the differences between employed and unemployed workers. The results show that employed workers face a much greater risk of severe material deprivation if they are positioned in the so-called secondary labour market; while the unemployed with low capital accumulation and those living in households with low work intensity face the highest risks of all. North Macedonia’s adjustment mechanisms do help cushion the consequences, but the article concludes with several policy recommendations for additional action to reduce severe material deprivation covering: education and training; active labour market policies; unionisation and collective bargaining; wage subsidies and taxation; and a statutory minimum wage.

Labour Market Flexibility: Need and Outcome. Some Socio-economic Reflections based on the European Experience

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-607
Author(s):  
SABINE M.-L. URBAN ◽  
DARIO VELO
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Scientific Associations ◽  
The Eu

The fast rate of the globalisation process and huge technological changes are leading to increased uncertainty. Risk (considered either as a threat or as an opportunity) is correlated to uncertainty. That means that the socio-economic environment may be considered as ambiguous, and the reaction of players complex, unforeseeable and difficult to handle. In such conditions one looks for simple formulae or tricks to manage the necessary change in human behaviour, institutional structures, production and trade methods. ‘Flexibility’ seems to be a magic keyword – both a performance driver and an expression of freedom. Labour market flexibility is currently the focus of ideological and political debate. This paper aims to clarify some points in the debate, especially in the European Union context. First, we give some brief information about the EU framework with regard to the labour market flexibility and its performance. Second, we try to understand how labour market flexibility is dependent on decisions of enterprises (in search of competitiveness). But this point of view needs to be enlarged to a more systemic approach; flexibility is only one of the socio-economic performance variables. A flexibility paradigm is related to a new political and humanistic project, and is a serious consideration for a number of industrial and financial companies, scientific associations and bodies.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Individual Culture in Teachers in the Context of Approbation and Implementation of Professional Standard for Teachers on Municipal Level (From the Author’s Work Experience)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
P.V. Mityashov
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Professional Standard ◽  
Individual Culture ◽  
Modern School

The author of the article refers to one of the most difficult for realization directions of the work of managers of different levels with teaching staff - the expansion of cultural horizons, formation of particular outlook and development of intelligence of the modern school teacher. From his point of view, this direction is a necessary condition for approbation and implementation of the professional standard "Teacher (educational activities in the field of preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary education) (tutor, teacher)" (hereinafter - Professional standard of the teacher) and in general - requirement of life. Analyzing the overall situation in terms of readiness of the teacher to work in the context of the development of the federal state educational standard for general education (hereinafter referred to as FSES), approbation of professional standard, the author refers to the experience of educational management body of Novonikolaevsk municipal district of the Volgograd region offering concrete steps and measures for solution of the overall problem of general culture of teacher personality.

scholarly journals A data generator for covid-19 patients’ care requirements inside hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Juan A. Marin-Garcia ◽  
Angel Ruiz ◽  
Maheut Julien ◽  
Jose P. Garcia-Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Generator

<p class="Abstract">This paper presents the generation of a plausible data set related to the needs of COVID-19 patients with severe or critical symptoms. Possible illness’ stages were proposed within the context of medical knowledge as of January 2021. The parameters chosen in this data set were customized to fit the population data of the Valencia region (Spain) with approximately 2.5 million inhabitants. They were based on the evolution of the pandemic between September 2020 and March 2021, a period that included two complete waves of the pandemic.</p><p class="Abstract">Contrary to expectation and despite the European and national transparency laws (BOE-A2013-12887, 2013; European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2019), the actual COVID-19 pandemic-related data, at least in Spain, took considerable time to be updated and made available (usually a week or more). Moreover, some relevant data necessary to develop and validate hospital bed management models were not publicly accessible. This was either because these data were not collected, because public agencies failed to make them public (despite having them indexed in their databases), the data were processed within indicators and not shown as raw data, or they simply published the data in a format that was difficult to process (e.g., PDF image documents versus CSV tables). Despite the potential of hospital information systems, there were still data that were not adequately captured within these systems.</p><p class="Abstract">Moreover, the data collected in a hospital depends on the strategies and practices specific to that hospital or health system. This limits the generalization of "real" data, and it encourages working with "realistic" or plausible data that are clean of interactions with local variables or decisions (Gunal, 2012; Marin-Garcia et al., 2020). Besides, one can parameterize the model and define the data structure that would be necessary to run the model without delaying till the real data become available. Conversely, plausible data sets can be generated from publicly available information and, later, when real data become available, the accuracy of the model can be evaluated (Garcia-Sabater and Maheut, 2021).</p><p class="Abstract">This work opens lines of future research, both theoretical and practical. From a theoretical point of view, it would be interesting to develop machine learning tools that, by analyzing specific data samples in real hospitals, can identify the parameters necessary for the automatic prototyping of generators adapted to each hospital. Regarding the lines of research applied, it is evident that the formalism proposed for the generation of sound patients is not limited to patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The generation of heterogeneous patients can represent the needs of a specific population and serve as a basis for studying complex health service delivery systems.</p><p class="Abstract"> </p><p class="Abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Gender inequality in the Serbian labour market

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (192) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Olgica Boskovic ◽  
Nikola Njegovan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
And Training

Many positive changes have been implemented in Serbia since the beginning of the transition period, and while these improve the position of women in the labour market the main indicators still show significant gender differences. Women are the majority of the unemployed and there are significant differences between regions and districts, in fields of work, experience, and the length of time taken to find work. An analysis of trends in the labour market over the past decade shows a worsening of the position of women, with a lower participation in economic activity and employment, rising unemployment rates, and an increase in the average time to find work and the proportion of women in traditionally female occupations. Problems of gender inequality demand more attention in order to improve existing legislation and the implementation of economic policies in the labour market which will ensure higher participation of women with lower education, with special emphasis on increasing the motivation of these women to undergo continuing education and training.

scholarly journals Economic Migration of Eastern Europeans in the UK after the UK Referendum Held in 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 05011
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kotýnková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
The Uk

The economic status of Eastern European migrants has become a major issue in the UK, as it was one of the main arguments for leaving the European Union in the 2016 Referendum. The negative view on migrants from Eastern Europe in the UK relies on the fact that these migrants are a major burden for the British social and healthcare system. At the same time, however, the issue of modern slavery is discussed, based on the fact that Eastern Europeans in the UK are willing to work under undignified working conditions. The aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate the economic status of Eastern Europeans on the UK labour market. The paper is based on the theoretical concept of the dual labour market, which is used in the analysis of real data. The dataset used was prepared by the UK Office for National Statistics (GB): As the conclusion, the expected changes in migration of the Eastern Europeans after the UK’s leaving the European Union, currently scheduled for 31 November 2020, are given.

Financial support of research and development: state, trends

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
T. V. Pysarenko ◽  
T. K. Kuranda ◽  
O. P. Kochetkova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The World ◽  
Support Of Research

Funding is a necessary condition for the functioning of science in any country, its competitiveness in the global space, a key characteristic of the state of the national scientific and technological complex. Currently, countries with developed economies allocate large funds for the development of science in order to stimulate economic growth, increase the competitiveness of industry, energy and agriculture, health care, environmental protection, national security and others. The article examines the global costs of research and development, trends, funding models in leading countries according to open sources (including the National Center for Scientific and Technical Statistics of the US National Science Foundation, the Statistical Office of the European Union, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development, etc.). The growth of expenditures on research and development, the systematic growth of science-intensive GDP — the main trend in the development of the world’s economic elite in recent decades. The significant increase in expenditures for the period 2000–2017 partly reflects the intensification of economic competition among the countries of the world. The current state of financing of scientific and scientific-technical works in Ukraine is shown on the basis of statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and information on the financial support of research and development in the priority areas of science and technology, which were performed at the expense of the state budget. the comparison of the volumes of financing of the scientific sphere in Ukraine and the countries of the world is carried out.

scholarly journals POJĘCIE „OSÓB BĘDĄCYCH W SZCZEGÓLNEJ SYTUACJI NA RYNKU PRACY” W ŚWIETLE USTAWY O PROMOCJI ZATRUDNIENIA I INSTYTUCJACH RYNKU PRACY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Ewa Staszewska
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Employment Promotion

Legal Notion „of Employees in a Particular Situation on the Labour Market”; in the Light of the Act of 2004 on Employment Promotion and Labour Market InstitutionsSummary The article refers to “employees in a particular situation on the labour market” in the light of the Act of 2004 on employment promotion and labour market institutions .The author points out that the risk of losing jobs varies. Certain categories of employees are more at risk than the others. From the social and economic point of view people are not equal when unemployment comes to the scene. Chances to find jobs are correlated not only with good economic condition but also with socio-demographic features of the jobless. The fact that some social groups are at higher risk of losing jobs creates the need to provide them with more specialized assistance from the State. It should be made possible for them to find steady jobs so that they do not get excluded from the labour market. That is why legislator has developed a catalogue of emploees particularly at risk who should be given priority when applying for a job. The unemployed listed in the catalogue can expect a number of legal instruments to prevent unemployment addressed to them.

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