scholarly journals Liquid Biphasic Systems for Oil-Rich Algae Bioproducts Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yi Leong ◽  
Chih-Kai Chang ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Pau Loke Show ◽  
Dong-Qiang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Biphasic Systems ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Oleaginous Algae

Oleaginous algae are nowadays of significance for industrial biotechnology applications and for the welfare of society. Tremendous efforts have been put into the development of economically feasible and effective downstream processing techniques in algae research. Currently, Liquid Biphasic Systems (LBSs) are receiving much attention from academia and industry for their potential as green and effective downstream processing methods. This article serves to review the applications of LBSs (LBS and Liquid Biphasic Flotation System (LBFS)) in the separation, recovery and purification of algae products, as well as their basic working principles. Moreover, cell disruptive technologies incorporated into LBSs in algae research are reported. This review provides insights into the downstream processing in algae industrial biotechnology which could be beneficial for algae biorefinement.

Anaerobic Digestion Enhancement With Microbial Electrolysis Cells

2018 ◽  
pp. 259-269
Author(s):  
Ellie Vipond ◽  
Pattanathu K.S.M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Processing Techniques

The engineering of replacements for crude oil is a priority within industrial biotechnology. Biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion (AD) during organic waste degradation, has been used for electricity generation and heating. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are an emerging technology which when combined with AD can produce higher yields of such energy whilst simultaneously treating waste water and sludge. MECs are bioelectrochemical systems which utilize the metabolism of microbes to oxidize organics. The majority of the research has been focused on biohydrogen production, despite associated issues, which has resulted in poor commercialization prospects. Consequently, scientists are now suggesting that methane production should be the focus of MEC technology. This chapter presents lab research on the bioprocessing of biomethane using AD and MECs and addresses important issues, namely the lack of pilot-scale studies. Downstream processing techniques are discussed, as well as a novel suggestion of further utilising MECs in the purification process.

Ionic liquid-assisted biphasic systems for downstream processing of fermentative enzymes and organic acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Konstantza Tonova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
In Situ Extraction ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Biphasic Systems ◽  
Fermentative Products

Abstract Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) represent molten salts entirely consisting of ions, usually a charge-stabilized organic cation and an inorganic or organic anion. ILs are liquids at ambient temperature but possess characteristics unusual for the common liquid solvents, such as negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability and most over the ability to mix and match libraries of cations and anions in order to acquire desirable physical and chemical properties [1]. The opportunity to obtain tunable density, viscosity, polarity and miscibility with common molecular liquids gave rise to a variety of applications of the ILs [2] as environmentally benign solvents, extractants or auxiliaries. In particular, numbers of innovations in the methods for recovery and purification of biologically derived compounds involve ILs used solo or partnered with other liquids in biphasic systems [3,4,5]. It should be noted that the ILs are not intrinsically greener than the traditional solvents, given that their production is usually more resource-demanding, but the inherent potential for recycling and reuse, and for prevention of chemical accidents gives the ILs advantages ahead. The present chapter provides a state-of-the-art overview on the basic applications of the ILs in biphasic systems aimed at downstream processing of valuable fermentative products, enzymes and organic acids. Main industrially important enzymes, lipases and carbohydrases, are considered and a description of the IL-assisted aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) and the results obtained in view of enzyme yield and purity is made. ILs serve different functions in the ABS, main phase-segregating constituents (mostly in the IL/salt ABS) or adjuvants to the polymer/salt ABS. Enzyme isolation from the contaminant proteins present in the feedstock can be carried out either in the IL-rich or in the salt-rich phase of the ABS and for the reader’s convenience the two options are described separately. Discussion on the factors and parameters affecting the enzyme partitioning in the ABS with ILs guides the reader through the ways by which the interactions between the IL and the enzyme can be manipulated in favor of the enzyme purification through the choice of the ABS composition (IL, salt, pH) and the role of the water content and the IL-rich phase structure. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to the recovery of fermentative organic acids. Mostly hydrophobic ILs have been engaged in the studies and the biphasic systems thereof are summarized. The systems are evaluated by the extraction efficiency and partition coefficient obtained. Factors and parameters affecting the extraction of organic acids by ILs are highlighted in a way to unravel the extraction mechanism. The choice of IL and pH determines the reactive mechanism and the ion exchange, while the water content and the IL phase structure play roles in physical extraction. Procedures undertaken to enhance the efficiency and to intensify the process of extraction are also looked over. Finally, the experimental holes that need fill up in the future studies are marked. According to the author’s opinion an intense research with hydrophobic ILs is suggested as these ILs have been proved milder to the biological structures (both the microbial producer and the enzyme product), more effective in the organic acid recovery and suitable to perform “in situ” extraction. Extractive fermentation entails validation of ecological and toxicological characteristics of the ILs. The protocols for re-extraction of fermentative products separated by IL-assisted biphasic systems should be clearly settled along with the methods for ILs recycling and reuse. Novel more flexible approaches to process intensification can be implemented in order to adopt the separation by biphasic systems for use in industry.

scholarly journals Grain Processing Methods’ Effectiveness to Eliminate Mycotoxins: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2267-2275
Author(s):  
Chinaza Godswill Awuchi ◽  
Erick Nyakundi Ondari ◽  
Chigozie E. Ofoedu ◽  
James S. Chacha ◽  
Waheed A. Rasaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Plasma Cleaning ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques

Mycotoxins like aflatoxins, ochratoxins, patulin, citrinin, deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins, trichothecenes, etc., produced by molds (Aspergillus avus, A. parasiticus, Penicillin spp, etc.) could occupy such grains as peanuts, millet, sunower, cassava, beans, sesame, sorghum, maize, etc. In order to either eliminate and or reduce the levels of mycotoxins, as well as detection limits, there are a number of grain processing techniques that have been reported in the literature. In this article, an overview of the effectiveness of grain processing methods to eliminate mycotoxins was performed. Specifically, the grain processing techniques considered include: extrusion, alkaline cooking, flaking, roasting, frying, baking, milling, cooking, cold plasma, cleaning, trimming, sorting, as well as chemical treatments like the use of sodium hydroxide, citric acid, sodium bisulfite and ammonia. Overall, while most methods seem effective in reducing some mycotoxins over others, more studies are required to identify how these methods particularly their combinations would elevate the removal/degradation of mycotoxins in grains, particularly to safer levels.

Foundation of XML Stream Processing Techniques

2013 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Weidong Yang ◽  
Hao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Stream Processing ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Xml Data ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Xml Stream ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Area Section

The problem of processing streaming XML data is gaining widespread attention from the research community, and various XML stream processing methods are put forward, including automaton-based methods, index-based methods, and so forth. In this chapter, the basic concepts and several existing typical approaches of XML stream processing are discussed. Section 1 introduces the background and current research status of this area. Section 2 focuses on the discussion of automaton-based methods, for example, X/YFilter, XPush, et cetera. In section 3, the index-based methods are given. In section 4, other methods such us Fist and XTrie are discussed briefly. Section 4 discusses some optimization technique of XML stream processing. Section 5 summarizes this chapter.

scholarly journals Sustainable strategies based on glycine–betaine analogue ionic liquids for the recovery of monoclonal antibodies from cell culture supernatants

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 5671-5682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel V. Capela ◽  
Alexandre E. Santiago ◽  
Ana F. C. S. Rufino ◽  
Ana P. M. Tavares ◽  
Matheus M. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Aqueous Biphasic Systems ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Hybrid Processes ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Aqueous Biphasic ◽  
Biphasic Systems ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems, three phase partitioning methods and hybrid processes combined with ultrafiltration are sustainable strategies for the downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies.

scholarly journals Image Processing Techniques: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Neetu Rani
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Processing Techniques

In today’s scenario image processing is one of the vast growing fields. It is a method which is commonly used to improve raw images which are received from various resources. It is a kind of signal processing. This paper provides an overview of image processing methods. The main concern of this paper is to define various techniques used in different phases of image processing.

scholarly journals Effects of traditional fish processing methods on the proximate composition and ph of fish Black pomfret (Parastromateus niger)

10.5219/1294 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Ali Aberoumand
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritive Composition ◽  
Traditional Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Parastromateus Niger

Fish is an important food in many Iranian diets. This is a good source of protein. Fish is the main source of animal protein in Iran. The effects of three different traditional processing methods (freezing, brining and frying) on nutritive composition of halva sia fish stored under ambient room conditions were determined. Fresh halva sia fish were obtained from Behbahan fish market. Cooking and processing techniques were carried out on fish Halva sia Parastromateus niger. The proximate composition of raw Parastromateus niger was affected by cooking and processing techniques that were carried out by AOAC methods. Moisture contents decreased in fried and brined fillet while protein, fat and ash contents were significantly increased in fried fillet. The loss of moisture in fried and brined samples amounted to the highest levels; also the protein and fat value was proportionally high. The fish Parastromateus niger showed a decrease in their contents of moisture and fat as affected by frozen storage periods while ash and protein contents were increased after frozen storage periods. The nutritional value fish Parastromateus niger preserved until the end of the storage period.

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