scholarly journals Testing a Framework to Co-Construct Social Innovation Actions: Insights from Seven Marginalized Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentino Marini Govigli ◽  
Sophie Alkhaled ◽  
Tor Arnesen ◽  
Carla Barlagne ◽  
Mari Bjerck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Individual

Innovation actions within European Horizon 2020 (H2020) projects aim at testing research results in practice. When supporting social innovations in rural areas, such testing requires the alignment of several rural actors in order to entail behavioral changes beyond the individual level. Recently, social innovation has been recognized as an important tool for rural areas, developing new solutions to respond to wicked problems for improving local living conditions at the grassroots level. In this study, we analyzed the use of an operational framework to support the early governance of social innovation actions. This framework was applied to co-construct seven innovation actions across Europe and the Mediterranean basin applied to forestry, agriculture, and rural development. Our results showed that supporting social innovators and local actors at the early stage of social innovation processes is key for efficiently addressing and tackling challenges and opportunities. Additionally, we showed that the process of defining a social innovation is complex and requires recursive engagement, which might lead to evolution through time, especially in the first phases of the process. Lastly, conducting the feasibility assessment enabled strategic thinking on crucial dimensions for designing a promising social innovation action, such as social networks management, financial sustainability, and know-how. Such findings helped us to draw general lessons for the development and governance of social innovation actions in rural areas, potentially applicable to any rural sector.

scholarly journals Key Drivers of the Engagement of Farmers in Social Innovation for Marginalised Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8454
Author(s):  
Antonio Baselice ◽  
Mariarosaria Lombardi ◽  
Maurizio Prosperi ◽  
Antonio Stasi ◽  
Antonio Lopolito
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heckman Model ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Key Drivers

The European Union promotes social innovation (SI) initiatives for the support of marginalised rural areas through rural and sustainable development policies. These are based on the engagement of local actors and the strengthening of their mutual relationships to boost the fostering of professional collaborations. In this context, the Horizon 2020 Social Innovation in Marginalised Areas (SIMRA) project elaborated a conceptual framework for characterising the engagement in an SI initiative. Accordingly, this paper aims to demonstrate that engagement relies on specific key drivers, such as the existence of unmet social needs and the role of agency. To this end, a two-step Heckman model was applied to an SI initiative case study called Vàzapp’, a rural hub (agency) located in Southern Italy. It promotes relationships among farmers to valorise the marginalised rural areas. The results appear consistent with the theoretical framework, demonstrating that the farmers’ engagement was motivated by the existence of the aforementioned determinants. The implications are relevant for policymakers, consultants, and social innovators who may incorporate these elements in designing specific SI projects in different contexts.

Feminisation of Multidimensional Poverty in Rural Odisha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Narayan Biswal ◽  
◽  
S. K. Mishra ◽  
M. K. Sarangi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Order Stochastic Dominance ◽  
The Individual

UNDP’s 2030 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasized gender equality in augmenting human capital and alleviating poverty. For eradication of extreme poverty and building resilience for persons who are vulnerable to poverty, SDGs calls for a pro-poor and gender-sensitive policy framework. In this context, a gender-based study on multi-dimensional aspects of poverty is highly significant. Extant literature reveals that females are more deprived in different dimensions of poverty such as education, health, living standard, empowerment, environment, autonomy and social relationship. The present study is conducted with the basic objective of examining feminization of poverty in rural areas of Jagatsinghapur district of Odisha. Seven socio-economic dimensions comprising sixteen indicators have been taken into consideration to construct the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) using the Alkire-Foster (AF) Method at the individual level. The novelty of the study lies in analyzing MPI at the individual level for rural Odisha. Higher female deprivation is observed across social groups and all occupation categories except services. Dummy variable regression analysis also supports the major findings of the study. Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function satisfies strict first-order stochastic dominance condition and substantiates the feminisation of poverty at each level of poverty cut-off across all social groups and occupational categories except for services. The findings of the study have significant implications for developing suitable policies for gender equalization and poverty alleviation.

scholarly journals Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

Inequality in active ageing: evidence from a new individual-level index for European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKKEL BARSLUND ◽  
MARTEN VON WERDER ◽  
ASGHAR ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTIn the context of emerging challenges and opportunities associated with population ageing, the study of inequality in active-ageing outcomes is critical to the design of appropriate and effective social policies. While there is much discussion about active ageing at the aggregate country level, little is known about inequality in active-ageing experiences within countries. Based on the existing literature on active ageing, this paper proposes an individual-level composite active ageing index based on Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data. The individual-level nature of the index allows us to analyse inequality in experiences of active ageing within selected European countries. One important motivation behind measuring active ageing at the individual level is that it allows for a better understanding of unequal experiences of ageing, which may otherwise be masked in aggregate-level measures of active ageing. Results show large differences in the distribution of individual-level active ageing across the 13 European countries covered and across age groups. Furthermore, there is a positive association between the country-level active ageing index and the equality of its distribution within a country. Hence, countries with the lowest average active ageing index tend to have the most unequal distribution in active-ageing experiences. For nine European countries, where temporal data are also available, we find that inequality in active-ageing outcomes decreased in the period 2004 to 2013.

scholarly journals Sickness absence among privately employed white-collar workers: A total population study in Sweden

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482093427
Author(s):  
Kristin Farrants ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
The Individual

Background: Knowledge about sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) among privately employed white-collar workers is very limited. Aims: This study aimed to explore SA and DP among privately employed white-collar women and men using different measures of SA to investigate differences by branch of industry, and to analyse the association between sociodemographic factors and SA. Methods: This was a population-based study of all 1,283,516 (47% women) privately employed white-collar workers in Sweden in 2012, using register data linked at the individual level. Several different measures of SA and DP were used. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations of sociodemographic factors with SA. Results: More women than men had SA (10.9% women vs. 4.5% men) and DP (1.8% women vs. 0.6% men). While women had a higher risk of SA than men and had more SA days per employed person, they did not have more SA days per person with SA than men. The risk of SA was higher for women (odds ratio (OR)=2.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.51–2.58)), older individuals (OR age 18–24 years=0.58 (95% CI 0.56–0.60); age 55–64 years OR=1.43 (95% CI 1.40–1.46) compared to age 45–54 years), living in medium-sized towns (OR=1.05 (95% CI 1.03–1.06)) or small towns/rural areas (OR=1.13 (95% CI 1.11–1.15)), with shorter education than college/university (OR compulsory only=1.64 (95% CI 1.59–1.69); OR high school=1.38 (95% CI 1.36–1.40)), born outside the EU25 (OR=1.23 (95% CI 1.20–1.27)) and singles with children at home (OR=1.33 (95% CI 1.30–1.36)). Conclusions: SA and DP among privately employed white-collar workers were lower than in the general population. SA prevalence, length and risk varied by branch of industry, sex and other sociodemographic factors, however, depending on the SA measure used.

scholarly journals Long-Term Vision For Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-77
Author(s):  
Viktória Vásáry ◽  
Szabolcs Biró ◽  
Máté Kis ◽  
Eszter Varga
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Focus Group Meeting ◽  
Future Vision

The European Commission initiated the preparation of a new long-term vision for rural areas. First step of this process was the launch of a public consultation to which also the Horizon 2020 SHERPA (Sustainable Hub to Engage into Rural Policies with Actors) project is making a contribution on behalf of 20 different Multi-Actor Platforms (MAPs). The Hungarian MAP - a group of science-society-policy actors - focuses on the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS), more precisely digitalization. The topic of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System - is a horizontal issue and it is embedded even into the Common Agricultural Policy’s (CAP) strategic planning process. Being part of it, the development of AKIS requires close and intensive cooperation of policy makers, researchers and farmers or in broader context the society with various stakeholders. The aim of the Hungarian research was to identify the current and likely trends for the Hungarian rural areas and to point out key challenges, opportunities, enablers and hinderers in rural development in terms of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) up until 2040. The methodology used was the Delphi technique. In the first phase, a review of key trends, main challenges and opportunities and a summary of existing foresight regarding digital agriculture was written. Then AKIS experts were asked to talk about their experiences and opinions in the framework of interviews, a focus group meeting and a survey. In the end, results of the survey were discussed in a consensus meeting. Among the results, it is worth mentioning that digitization and digitalization will fundamentally change the way rural areas operate including economic, environmental and social dimensions. The main enablers of a promising future vision are capacity building for knowledge transfer, adaptation for job creation and offering better quality of life, stronger community building for collaborations, deeper government involvement, and last but not least, strengthening the local identity in rural areas.

scholarly journals Prevalensi dan Determinan Hipertensi di Pulau Jawa, Tahun 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Zamhir Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ecological Measurement ◽  
The Individual

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama kardiovaskuler yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Peningkatan umur harapan hidup dan perubahan gaya hidup meningkatkan faktor risiko hipertensi di berbagai negara. Tujuan penelitian ini (1) Mengetahui prevalensi hipertensi dan penyebarannya di Pulau Jawa tahun 2004. (2) Mengetahui faktor-faktor sosiodemografi yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi. (3) Mengetahui kontribusi dan dampak potensial masing-masing faktor tersebut. Penelitian dengan rancangan studi Ekologi Multilevel ini menggabungkan variabel tingkat pengukuran individu dengan tingkat pengukuran ekologi dalam analisis bersama, dengan unit analisis individu. Analisis kontekstual dilakukan melalui kerangka konsep hipertensi, menggunakan metode analisis regresi logistik ganda, dengan status hipertensi sebagai variabel dependen. Data variabel dependen dan variabel perancu yang merupakan data pengukuran tingkat individu diambil dari data SKRT 2004. Data sosiodemografi tingkat pengukuran ekologi sebagai variabel independen utama, diperoleh dari Profil Kesehatan Indonesia, Statistik Indonesia, Statistik Kesehatan, Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat, danData Departemen Dalam Negeri, unit pengamatan provinsi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi di Pulau Jawa 41,9%, dengan kisaran di masing-masing provinsi 36,6%-47,7%. Prevalensi di perkotaan 39,9% (37,0%-45,8%) dan di perdesaan 44,1% (36,2%-51,7%). Kata kunci: Hipertensi, faktor sosiodemografiAbstractHypertension is a main risk factor of cardiovascular disease which is ranked as number one cause of death in the world. The increase of life expectancy and changes in life style have increased the prevalence of hypertension risk factor in both developed and developing countries. The objectives of this study are (1) To know the prevalence and distribution of hypertension in di Java island, in year 2004. (2) To know sosiodemographic factors related to hypertension. (3) To know the contribution of each sosiodemographic factor toward hypertension. The study used multilevel ecologic study design that integrated both individual and ecological level variables measurement. The analysis method used in this study was contextual analysis and multiple logistic regression with hypertension status as dependent variable. The individual level measurement of variables such as hypertension status and age, job, education and sex is taken from Household Health Survey (SKRT) 2004. The sosiodemographic data which was ecological measurement level served as the main independent variables were taken from Indonesian Health Profile, Indonesian Health Statistics, Public Welfare Statistics and data from Department of Internal Affair, particularly from Province Surveillance Unit. The study results showed that the prevalence of hypertension in Java Island was 41.9%, with range of prevalence in provincial level of 36.6%-47.7%. The prevalence in urban areas was 39.9% (37.0%-45.8%) and in rural areas was 44.1% (36.2%-51.7%)Keywords: Hypertension, sosiodemographic factors

scholarly journals AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT: AGGRESSION AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dovilė VALIŪNĖ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Social Innovations

Social innovation is very important for rural development. It is a lack of researchers about an individual level of social innovations in Lithuania. Adolescents’ aggression is an important social problem that can affect society and social innovations. It needs to find the differences in aggression between rural and urban adolescents because it could help to plan effective interventions for reducing aggressive behavior. The present study aimed to assess the aggression among rural and urban adolescents. It was hypothesized that rural and urban adolescents differ significantly on aggression. In order to verify the above hypothesis a sample of 479 (207 boys; 272 girls) students were selected from Lithuanian schools. The sample includes the similar size of rural (N=242) and urban (N=237) students. The age of participants was from 12 to 17. It was used Aggression Questionnaire developed by Buss and Perry (1992) in this research. The questionnaire involves four subscales: physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. The results showed that urban girls had more physical aggression than rural girls. However, it was not found statistically significant differences in physical aggression among urban and rural boys. Also, it was not found any statistically significant differences in verbal aggression, anger, hostility among urban and rural adolescents.

scholarly journals Governance of Social Innovation in Forestry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Ludvig ◽  
Todora Rogelja ◽  
Marelli Asamer-Handler ◽  
Gerhard Weiss ◽  
Maria Wilding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Insight Into

Over the last decade, the term social innovation has received increased attention as a potential solution to address complex global social problems and to add collective values to society. The forest sector has great potential for fostering employment, community development and reducing increased emigration from rural to urban areas. This potential is not always realised, especially in economically weak and remote rural areas. Hence, this paper tackles the question of how social innovations in forestry are able to succeed under adverse circumstances and contribute to respond to some of the before mentioned challenges? To answer this question, we first identified four very different cases across Europe that are compatible with the criteria of social innovation. Proceeding from this starting point, comparative research was undertaken with the aim to identify the cases´ specific features and key criteria for success. In the cases considered, it is evident that the sheer determination and voluntary investment of time and effort by key individuals, who were convinced of the value of the idea for the community, provided indispensable impetus to all four social innovations. In drawing its conclusions, this paper highlights the principal areas that need consideration and that hence have implications when developing supportive policies. Furthermore, we provide some insight into future research topics that would allow us to better understand the positive impacts of social innovation in the forest-based sector.

Exploring the Risky Terrain of Entrepreneurship With Support From Developmental Relationships: Narratives From Indian Women Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Chaudhuri ◽  
Rajashi Ghosh ◽  
Yogita Abichandani
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Developmental Relationships ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Strategic Perspective

The Problem There has been a burgeoning interest in studies on women entrepreneurs in the past decade, but in most studies conducted thus far, the scope has remained narrow with the focus mostly on strategic perspective and not so much on the individual-level understanding of the entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the limited number of studies that have looked into novice women entrepreneurs are restricted to western hemisphere, and to our knowledge, no study has looked into narratives on how women entrepreneurs in India benefit from various developmental relationships over the course of their entrepreneurial journey. The Solution Using narrative inquiry, we explore the stories of six urban women entrepreneurs in India illustrating how and why they started their careers in entrepreneurship, the challenges they experienced along the way, and how the varied developmental relationships they nurtured over time supported them to cope with those challenges. The Stakeholders The article aimed at venture capitalists that extend support to women entrepreneurs and to women who are considering to pursue entrepreneurship. The findings can guide them to anticipate the challenges and opportunities commonly experienced by women entrepreneurs and appreciate the value of developmental relationships that help to sustain motivation to be entrepreneurs.

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