scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of China’s Returning Farmland to Forest Program on Rural Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Gao ◽  
Zehao Liu ◽  
Ruipeng Li ◽  
Zhidan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Industry

The Returning Farmland to Forest Program (RFFP) is widely known as one of China’s largest and most successful payment schemes for ecosystem service projects for the achievement of both environmental and economic sustainability. By sponsoring afforestation activities and compensating farmers for converting cropland to forest, the project was designed to achieve multiple goals. Ecologically, the program aims to expand forest cover and to reduce flood and soil erosion. Economically, it aims to alleviate poverty and improve rural livelihoods. Although the official metrics indicate successful program outcomes in the short term, researchers have reported mixed and controversial results for long-term outcomes. We combined the difference-in-difference (DID) with instrumental variables (IVs) regression to examine the long-term effects of China’s RFFP on local economic development. We found that (1) the RFFP has had a remarkably positive impact on local economic growth in the primary sector, but considerably limits the growth of enterprises above a designated size by 16.8%; (2) the RFFP is unable to promote the development of the secondary industry because it cannot effectively promote the transfer of rural laborers to the secondary industry sector; and (3) in addition to increasing the general budgetary expenditure of local finance by 7.50%, this program has significantly reduced local fiscal revenue by 35.50%. We suggest that eco-compensation should consider the performance of the RFFP in its evaluation criteria.

Short-Term Versus Long-Term Effects of the Louisville Enterprise Zone Incentives: A Response to Sumei Zhang

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Jefferson County ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Enterprise Zone ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Development Policies

Zhang wrote that the Louisville enterprise zone (EZ) was more successful than what previous research showed and that variations in research design have led to conflicting or mixed reviews of many local economic development policies that are based on the EZ concept. She mentions a study and an article on the Louisville, Kentucky EZ and implies the time horizon used to evaluate it was too short. This Forum/Letter to the Editor points out that the Louisville EZ went through multiple transformations and expansions over its history from 1983 to 2003, and as noted in the first of two studies, the original zone showed virtually no progress from 1983 to 1990. Several other unpublished papers pointed out the same results when the original EZ and other parts of the expanded EZ were analyzed up to the last years of the 20th century. Finally, this Forum/Letter to the Editor argues that and provides reasons for the methodology employed by Lambert and Coomes as a superior way of analyzing the Louisville EZ when compared with the methods employed by Zhang. The main reason why Zhang showed success in the EZ is because she mostly evaluates it in its final form in the late 1990s after it had annexed many sections of Jefferson County, which were not as nearly economically disadvantaged as the original Louisville EZ established in 1983.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effects of Foreign Investment on Local Human Capital: Four American Companies in Spain, 1920s–1970s

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Puig ◽  
Adoración Álvaro-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Capital Development

This article explores the long-term effects of foreign direct investment on the human capital development of host economies, based on the historical analysis of the Spanish operations of four leading American firms: ITT, J. Walter Thompson, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and John Deere. Our research shows that the training and working practices of these companies had a positive impact on the Spanish subsidiaries in terms of technological upgrading and managerial development. However, the local context was also relevant, through mandatory agreements that empowered local partners from the start and the availability of locally educated professionals eager to absorb new knowledge.

Parents’ Perspectives About Factors Influencing Adherence to Pharmacotherapy for ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Ahmed ◽  
Jacqueline Borst ◽  
Yong C. Wei ◽  
Parisa Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Factors Influencing

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore factors influencing parents’ decisions to adhere and persist with ADHD pharmacotherapy in children. Method: Focus groups ( n = 3) were conducted with 16 parents recruited from metropolitan Sydney. Group discussions explored factors impacting on treatment initiation, continuation, and cessation. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically content analyzed. Results: Parents commenced and continued pharmacotherapy due to its positive impact on their child’s behavior. Improvements in the child’s academic performance and social interactions encouraged persistence with therapy. Parents elected to cease therapy after their children experienced side effects including appetite suppression, weight loss, and sleep disturbances. Concerns about long-term effects of ADHD medication use including potential for addiction and growth stunting, in addition to the stigma surrounding ADHD also contributed to parents ceasing treatment. Conclusion: The findings highlight a need for the provision of accurate information about ADHD and its treatments to parents to empower their treatment decisions and promote adherence.

scholarly journals Children's Schooling and Parental Migration: Empirical Evidence on the 'Left-behind' Generation in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Anwaar Mohyuddin ◽  
Riaz Ahmad Muazzmi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Type ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Children's Schooling ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the long-term effects of parental international migration on the schooling of children left behind in Pakistan. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically but the lack of parental care may cause relational and psychological problems that may affect children's welfare in the long term. The locale of the present study is district Gujrat where the labor migration is considered as the best viable way to cope with an increasing poverty and the scarcity of public resources for sustaining households' incomes. To gain the objectives of the study, a mix methods approach has been used for the collection and analysis of data. In the present study the impact of migration on the education of the children was measured through their enrolment in school, type of institution and level of investment on education, dropout from the school, level of achievement. The results show that parental migration has a positive impact on the enrolment of children and investment on education, but it has negative impact on the dropout and level of achievement especially in case of boys.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIALIZATION AND TRANSPORT IN INDONESIA ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Short And Long Term

Economic development in a country is indicated by an increase in the number of industrial sectors and other supporting facilities such as transportation. However, there is another impact on developments industrial sectors and transportation, especially environmental degradation. Air pollution is one of the environmental degradation. This research was conducted to determine the short-term and long-term environmental impact of industry and transport in Indonesia. The data analysis method in this research used Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) to see the short-term and long-term effects between research variables. The data used are data on CO2 emissions, the amount of industries and transport in Indonesia from 1965 - 2018. The results showed that the industry had a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions in the short and long term. Meanwhile, transportation has a positive impact in the short term and a negative impact in the long term.

scholarly journals Imperial Rule, the Imposition of Bureaucratic Institutions, and their Long-Term Legacies

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (04) ◽  
pp. 806-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bureaucratic Institutions

AbstractSignificant variation in the institutions and efficiency of public bureaucracies across countries and regions are observed. These differences could be partially responsible for divergence in the effectiveness of policy implementation, corruption levels, and economic development. Do imperial legacies contribute to the observed variation in the organization of public administrations? Historical foreign rule and colonization have been shown to have lasting effects on legal systems, political institutions, and trade in former controlled territories. Imperial legacies could also explain variations in the performance of public administrations. The author uses the case of Poland to investigate the long-term effects of foreign rule on bureaucratic systems. Historically, Poland was split between three imperial powers with very different public administrations: Prussia, Austria, and Russia. Statistical analyses of original data collected through a survey of more than 650 Polish public administrations suggest that some present-day differences in the organization and efficiency of bureaucracies are due to imperial legacies.

Positive Impact of Physical Exercise on Brain Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yunkyeong Nam
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

A case study was conducted in order to track the human brain adapts to changing demands by physical exercise. Reaction time and amplitude discrimination capacity of the individual were measured with the Brain Gauge to monitor brain activity before and after aerobic exercise. The objective of the study was to determine if there were short-term and/or long-term effects of aerobic exercise.  The data suggests that there are short-term effects and some improvements in performance on the tasks when comparing metrics obtained after exercise to before exercise.  For this individual, aerobic exercise was a regular part of daily routine, there was no long-term effect detected over the relatively short duration of the study.

Local Economic Development in Transition Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 522-539
Author(s):  
József Káposzta ◽  
Krisztián Ritter ◽  
Henrietta Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Processes ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Endogenous Potentials ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

There are significant inequalities in development both within and over the borders of countries, in addition, urban and rural areas show significant differences in the level of development. The reason for the occurrence of spatial discrepancies is that the economic and social processes are always restructured in space and time and such processes are even accelerated by the globalization. In order to get precise and realistic picture about territorial processes, it is worth to learn the spatial processes that have already happened as well as their impacts on the spatial structure, since these may enable the regions to break out from the disadvantaged situation. In such a multivariable system, the development strategies need to be built on the endogenous potentials and own strengths of the regions. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the importance of local values and local conditions in the sustainable rural development, thus emphasizing the importance of localization in long-term progress. The chapter puts emphasis on the characteristics and features of transition countries.

Physiological criteria dynamics of mastering technique of the autogenous training

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Потехина ◽  
Yu. Potekhina ◽  
Шарандова ◽  
E. Sharandova ◽  
Продиус ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Significant Parameter ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Schulz Method ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The purpose of study was to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of the autogenous training (AT) and to search the evaluation criteria of successfulness of AT mastering. It was carried out a comparative analysis of dynamics of changes of the galvanic skin response (GSR), ECG and infrared irradiation of hands, as during the session, as well as at the initial and final stage of the AT course. 10 patients have been studied: 5 women and 5 men aged 19-21 years. AT training was implemented basing on the classic Schulz method for 20 sessions. On the basis of the dynamics of physiological characteristics it was established that the GSR reduction is the most representative indicator of the short-term adaptation to AT. The ability to voluntarily prolong the R-R interval was determined as a criterion of successfulness of mastering of AT. The ability to voluntarily increase temperature of the hands during the AT session was determined as the most significant parameter of the long-term adaptation to AT. The revealed physiological criteria of dynamics of acquisition of AT can be used in practice; availability of instrumental diagnostics means, including the portable infrared thermometer CEM TermoDiagnostics and the automatic tonometer, can contribute to a more widespread application of AT tech-niques.

scholarly journals Long-term Relationship between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Xia Liyu ◽  
He Wan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Secondary Industry ◽  
The Relationship

Electricity is an indispensable material basis for economic development. It is necessary to study the relationship between different electricity consumption and economic growth. Based on the quarterly data of China’s electricity consumption and economic development from 2011 to 2018, the long-term equilibrium relationship between variables are analyzed from a causal perspective, and electricity consumption indicators for reflecting economic development are identified. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between secondary industry electricity consumption, industrial electricity consumption and GDP. The demand for electricity consumption still needs to be met urgently.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document