scholarly journals Rammed Earth Construction: A Proposal for a Statistical Quality Control in the Execution Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Jacinto Canivell ◽  
Juan Jesús Martín-del-Río ◽  
Raúl M. Falcón ◽  
Carlos Rubio-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Statistical Quality Control ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Standards And Regulations

Unlike other common contemporary construction materials such as concrete, mortars, or fired clay bricks, which are widely supported by international standards and regulations, building with rammed earth is barely regulated. Furthermore, its quality control is usually problematic, which regularly encourages the rejection of this technique. In the literature, many authors have suggested ways to safely build a rammed earth wall, but only a few of them have delved into its quality control before and during the construction process. This paper introduces a preliminary methodology and establishes unified criteria, based in a statistical analysis, for both the production and the quality control of this constructive technique in cases dealing with both samples and walls.

Research and Application of Green Rammed Earth Wall Construction Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2780-2787
Author(s):  
Tie Gang Zhou ◽  
Dao Qiang Peng ◽  
Jing Hua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Project ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Simple Processing ◽  
Wall Construction

The traditional rammed earth building refers theses structures which uses tools such as pestle or hammer etc to fill undisturbed soil materials after a simple processing by the method of compacting layer by layer. construction technology of the modern rammed earth mainly makes improvements in terms of rammed earth materials、ramming tools and construction technology which can effectively improve the durability and safety performance of rammed earth building. This article is focusing on how to select scientifically which one is the best rammed earth material and introducing improvement situation about construction technology of rammed earth wall, which combined with researching and practicing of pilot project, under the guidance of the International centre for research and application of earth construction.

scholarly journals ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY OF RAMMED EARTH BUILDINGS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Hegediš ◽  
Golub Karaman ◽  
Arpad Čeh ◽  
Neđo Đurić ◽  
Danijel Kukaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall

Earth construction has long tradition in our civilization with wide distribution in various ways andtechniques of application. When combined with other natural materials it is the material for constructionof comfortable space for people. Increased need for energy efficient houses actualizes this type ofconstruction in modern conditions as a holistic solution for modern buildings. In addition to many usesof earth as a building material, rammed earth wall came to consideration since it allows us to observemost of the advantages and disadvantages of this type of construction. Finding solutions to remedyobserved disadvantages will lead to improved construction of adobe, wattle-and-daub, unbaked bricks,etc. This paper is aimed at proving energy efficiency of rammed earth wall and it points out possibleresearch directions into improvements while preserving existing benefits. The most important issue ispreservation of cost efficiency of earth building while using other natural supplements into the soilmixture.

Application of Infra-Red Thermography to the Analysis of Construction of the Valencian Rammed Earth Walls of The Seminary-School of Corpus Christi in Valencia (Spain)

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1770-1773
Author(s):  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
Enrique Gil ◽  
Mercedes Galiana
Keyword(s):  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Earth Walls ◽  
Large Building

Infra-red thermography is widely utilised in the restoration of buildings. This article presents a novel method in the application of thermography to the analysis of rammed earth walls, and the Valencian rammed earth wall, or tapia valenciana, in particular. For this study, the authors chose The Colegio de Corpus Christi de Valencia (Spain). First, an analysis of costs incurred during the construction of the Colegio (built 1586-1610) was carried out. Second, thermographic techniques were utilised to gather further data on its construction process and corroborate information appearing in historical records. The rammed earth walls of this large building rest upon a stone footing. This study proposes a methodology that can be extensively applied to other similar studies with a view to understanding construction processes.

scholarly journals Recommendations for the Selection, Stabilization, and Compaction of Soil for Rammed Earth Wall Construction

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Burroughs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Rammed earth possesses environmental advantages over most other competing construction materials. However, if it is to be more routinely used in the construction of modern, sustainable buildings, its material properties and production processes must be properly quantified. This paper proposes practical recommendations for soil selection, stabilizer treatment, and on-site compaction for rammed earth, based on a recent set of 219 stabilization experiments. The purpose of the recommendations is to maximize the probability of constructing rammed earth walls that meet or exceed a compressive strength criterion of 2 MPa. The recommendations cover: (1) Quantifying the natural soil properties of linear shrinkage and texture in a staged sequence in order to identify suitable soils to stabilize (and to reject unsuitable soils); (2) Quantifying the amounts of cement and/or lime to be added to the selected soil according to the values of soil properties measured; and (3) Quantifying the forces involved in on-site compaction of stabilized soil (for both manual and pneumatic ramming), and relating these to laboratory-based test standards. Although the recommendations need to be tested and verified/refined using new data, their initial application to rammed earth construction situations in Australia indicates that they have predictive utility. Further research will also indicate the degree of applicability of the recommendations to the production of compressed earth bricks.

Life cycle assessment of earthen materials for low-cost housing a comparison between rammed earth and fired clay bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nouri ◽  
Majid Safehian ◽  
Seyed Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clay Bricks

PurposeAlthough the use of diverse types of bricks as the primary construction materials has been considered for many years, vernacular earthen materials are also widely used for construction with low potential environmental impacts in developing countries. In this study, the life cycle of two types of building materials for wall building is investigated.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, life cycle carbon emissions (LCCO2) are compared and embodied energy calculation for rammed earth and fired clay bricks as two construction materials. The complete construction chain using rammed earth, as a modern norm, and fired clay bricks, as the most common construction materials in buildings, is investigated in this research.FindingsStudies on the constructions in Kashan city in the north of Isfahan province, Iran, as a case study, showed that replacing the fired bricks with rammed earth would reduce the CO2 emissions up to 1,245 kg/ton and 4,646 MJ/ton (i.e. more than 95%) of the embodied energy. It also shows that the choice of building materials should be important for building practitioners to consider the environmental impact.Originality/valueThis paper provide life cycle assessment of building materials. The findings of this study help builders and owner to choose sustainable building materials.

Development and Application of Quality Control System for Highway Subgrade Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
System Development ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Whole Process

The compaction quality of the subgrade is directly related to the service life of the road. Effective control of the subgrade construction process is the key to ensuring the compaction quality of the subgrade. Therefore, real-time, comprehensive, rapid and accurate prediction of construction compaction quality through informatization detection method is an important guarantee for speeding up construction progress and ensuring subgrade compaction quality. Based on the function of the system, this paper puts forward the principle of system development and the development mode used in system development, and displays the development system in real-time to achieve the whole process control of subgrade construction quality.

Statistical Quality Control of HIV-1 ELISA Test Performance

1994 ◽  
Vol 89 (428) ◽  
pp. 1200-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Gentleman ◽  
M. S. Hamada ◽  
D. E. Matthews ◽  
A. R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Statistical Quality Control ◽  
Statistical Quality ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Investigations of Museum Indoor Microclimate and Air Quality. Case Study from Romania

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Dorina Camelia Ilieș ◽  
Florin Marcu ◽  
Tudor Caciora ◽  
Liliana Indrie ◽  
Alexandru Ilieș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds

Poor air quality inside museums is one of the main causes influencing the state of conservation of exhibits. Even if they are mostly placed in a controlled environment because of their construction materials, the exhibits can be very vulnerable to the influence of the internal microclimate. As a consequence, museum exhibits must be protected from potential negative effects. In order to prevent and stop the process of damage of the exhibits, monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (especially temperature, humidity, and brightness) and keeping them in strict values is extremely important. The present study refers to the investigations and analysis of air quality inside a museum, located in a heritage building, from Romania. The paper focuses on monitoring and analysing temperature of air and walls, relative humidity (RH), CO2, brightness and particulate matters (PM), formaldehyde (HCHO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The monitoring was carried out in the Summer–Autumn 2020 Campaign, in two different exhibition areas (first floor and basement) and the main warehouse where the exhibits are kept and restored. The analyses aimed both at highlighting the hazard induced by the poor air quality inside the museum that the exhibits face. The results show that this environment is potentially harmful to both exposed items and people. Therefore, the number of days in which the ideal conditions in terms of temperature and RH are met are quite few, the concentration of suspended particles, formaldehyde, and total volatile organic compounds often exceed the limit allowed by the international standards in force. The results represent the basis for the development and implementation of strategies for long-term conservation of exhibits and to ensure a clean environment for employees, restorers, and visitors.

scholarly journals Design Optimisation Strategies for Solid Rammed Earth Walls in Mediterranean Climates

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Giada Giuffrida ◽  
Maurizio Detommaso ◽  
Francesco Nocera ◽  
Rosa Caponetto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
Earth Walls ◽  
Raw Earth

The renewed attention paid to raw earth construction in recent decades is linked to its undoubted sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and low embodied energy. In Italy, the use of raw earth as a construction material is limited by the lack of a technical reference standard and is penalised by the current energy legislation for its massive behaviour. Research experiences, especially transoceanic, on highly performative contemporary buildings made with natural materials show that raw earth can be used, together with different types of reinforcements, to create safe, earthquake-resistant, and thermally efficient buildings. On the basis of experimental data of an innovative fibre-reinforced rammed earth material, energy analyses are developed on a rammed earth building designed for a Mediterranean climate. The paper focuses on the influences that different design solutions, inspired by traditional bioclimatic strategies, and various optimised wall constructions have in the improvement of the energy performance of the abovementioned building. These considerations are furthermore compared with different design criteria aiming at minimising embodied carbon in base material choice, costs, and discomfort hours. Results have shown the effectiveness of using the combination of massive rammed earth walls, night cross ventilation, and overhangs for the reduction of energy demand for space cooling and the improvement of wellbeing. Finally, the parametric analysis of thermal insulation has highlighted the economic, environmental, and thermophysical optimal solutions for the rammed earth envelope.

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