Analysis of Possibility to Apply Preharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Treatment to Delay Harvesting of Red Jonaprince Apples

The production of Red Jonaprince cultivar is increasing, but the quality of apples is still challenging. Therefore, various options may be used including 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application, as it influences ethylene receptors and blocks them, resulting in the possibility of delaying harvesting. The preharvest application of 1-MCP has not been studied so far for this cultivar but for other ones it has been successful, as it is based on the understanding of the natural apple ripening process. The study aimed to analyze the possibility of applying a 1-MCP treatment in the preharvest period for Red Jonaprince apples. The study was conducted based on a comparison of apples from two groups of Red Jonaprince apple trees (4 years) cultivated in an experimental orchard, where for one of them 1-MCP was applied in the preharvest period (HarvistaTM; 150 g per ha; 20 September—12 days before the optimum harvesting window (OHW)). For both groups, the apples were studied twice, for harvesting in the OHW (2 October) and for delayed harvesting (24 October). The harvested fruits were stored in an Ultra Low Oxygen chamber (ULO; 1.2% CO2, 1.2% O2) until May. They were analyzed before storage (preharvest) five times (20 September–24 October) and after storage (postharvest) three times (20 March–18 May). The following parameters were included: firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA). For the preharvest period, the parameters also included internal ethylene content (IEC), starch index, and Streif index. For the preharvest period, significant differences associated with the 1-MCP treatment (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for the IEC (lower results for apples treated for 4th and 5th assessment), TA (higher results), and Streif index (higher results). Meanwhile, for firmness, TSS, and starch index for the majority of measurements there were no differences (p > 0.05). For the postharvest period, significant differences associated with 1-MCP treatment (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for firmness (higher results) and TA (higher results) both for OHW and delayed harvesting. It was concluded that a preharvest 1-MCP treatment allowed delayed harvesting and reduced the quality deterioration during the ULO storage of Red Jonaprince apples.

Download Full-text

The Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment on the Fruit Quality of ‘Idared’ Apples during Storage and Transportation

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10110490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 490

Author(s):

Kazimierz Tomala ◽

Maria Małachowska ◽

Dominika Guzek ◽

Dominika Głąbska ◽

Krystyna Gutkowska

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Gas Permeability ◽

Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Control Groups ◽

Long Distance ◽

Postharvest Treatment

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is applied as an inhibitor of ethylene action, which is widely used in postharvest technology to prolong the shelf life of many fruits. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility to apply 1-MCP treatment to maintain the quality of ‘Idared’ apples for long-distance transportation. The studied apples were assessed in three groups: (I) 1-MCP postharvest treatment; (II) 1-MCP postharvest treatment with Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) selected gas permeability bags; and (III) control groups (with neither 1-MCP treatment, nor dedicated packaging). Apples were subjected to storage in the Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) chamber that was applied for 0 weeks, 10 weeks and 20 weeks (three periods of storage); simulated long-distance transport (6 weeks); and simulated distribution, which was applied for 0 days, 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days (4 periods of distribution). The obtained 36 groups (three postharvest treatments per three periods of storage per four periods of distribution) were analyzed to assess firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). There were differences between firmness values for control groups and those with 1-MCP applied, which were characterized by higher values of firmness (p < 0.05). Groups with 1-MCP and MAP applied combined were characterized by higher values of TSS than control groups (p < 0.05). The majority of groups with 1-MCP applied alone were characterized by higher values of TA than control groups (p < 0.05), but values for samples attributed to 1-MCP and MAP combined were not higher than for 1-MCP alone. It may be concluded that 1-MCP applied postharvest contributed to higher results of firmness and TA of ‘Idared’ apples after long-distance transportation, but combining 1-MCP with MAP did not contribute to further differences for TA. However, for TSS the observed influence was inconclusive. It may be stated that 1-MCP is a beneficial treatment for ‘Idared’ apples for long-distance transportation as it prolongs their shelf life and improves firmness.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Preharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Treatment on the Fruit Quality Parameters of Cold-Stored ‘Szampion’ Cultivar Apples

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10030080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kazimierz Tomala ◽

Marek Grzęda ◽

Dominika Guzek ◽

Dominika Głąbska ◽

Krystyna Gutkowska

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Climacteric Fruit ◽

Ethylene Content ◽

Postharvest Treatment ◽

And Control

Postharvest treatment by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for ‘Szampion’ cultivar apples inhibits ripening of climacteric fruit by blocking ethylene receptors, preventing ethylene from binding and eliciting its action. It is also possible to apply 1-MCP preharvest, which so far has not been studied for the ‘Szampion’ cultivar. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of preharvest 1-MCP treatment on the fruit quality parameters of cold-stored ‘Szampion’ cultivar apples in a Polish experiment. Two identical groups of apple trees (6 years, experimental orchard in Warsaw) were included, to obtain studied apples (preharvest 1-MCP treatment with HarvistaTM, 150 g/ha, 7 days before the optimum harvesting window, OHW) and control apples (1-MCP not applied). Apples for the studied group were harvested twice—on 28 September (OHW) and 24 October (delayed harvesting)—and for control group once—on 28 September, as before 24 October the majority of apples fell from trees. Afterwards, apples were stored in an Ultra Low Oxygen chamber (1.2% CO2, 1.2% O2). Apples were assessed in the preharvest period (weekly, six measurements for the studied group, and five measurements for the control group) and postharvest period (monthly, three measurements separately for each harvest time for the studied group and control group). The following parameters were assessed: internal ethylene content (IEC), firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) content, starch index, Streif index, titratable acidity (TA), and color for blush. For the preharvest period, statistically significant differences between the studied group and the control group were observed for IEC, the a* coordinate of color (p < 0.05; for apples treated with 1-MCP lower results), firmness, Streif index, TA (p < 0.05; higher results), and starch index (p < 0.05; no defined trend). For the postharvest period, statistically significant differences between the studied group and the control group were observed for apples harvested in the OHW for firmness (p < 0.05; for apples treated with 1-MCP higher results) and IEC (p < 0.05; no defined trend), while for delayed harvesting the differences were only minor. It may be concluded, that preharvest 1-MCP application makes it possible not only to obtain better results for ‘Szampion’ cultivar apples’ quality parameters, but also allows delayed harvesting without deterioration in quality.

Download Full-text

Effects of Yeast Concentration and Total Soluble Solids on the Quality of Wine Produced from Pineapple

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3030968 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-42

Author(s):

E. C. Udeagha ◽

C. N. Ishiwu ◽

C. U. Obiora ◽

J. O. Iwouno

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

Ash Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Wine Production ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

General Acceptance ◽

Yeast Concentration ◽

Mouth Feel

This research was carried out to determine the effects of yeast concentration and total soluble solids on the quality of wine produced from pineapple. The experiment was a Response Surface Methodology in the form of Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD). Ripe pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus) was processed using pressure extraction to obtain the juice. The juice was divided into thirteen (13) portions. Each portion’s total soluble solids was adjusted using sugar syrup and then pitched with specified yeast concentration. All the thirteen (13) samples were fermented for 168 h at 25±3 °C and aged for seven weeks. The wine was analyzed for pH, titratable acidity, ash content, final total soluble solids and alcohol content using standard methods. The sensory attributes (colour, aroma, taste, mouth-feel, texture and general acceptability) of the wines were analyzed by a twenty-five member panelist using 9-point hedonic scale. The results of the physico-chemical analysis of the pineapple wines showed that pH , titratable acidity (tartaric acid) content, alcohol and final total soluble solids ranged from 3.58 – 4.58, 0.33 – 0.59 %, 4.33 – 10.66 %v/v, 3.35 – 5.65 °Brix respectively. The ash content ranged from 0.20 – 0.50 %. The mean sensory scores for colour, taste, aroma, texture, mouth-feel and general acceptance ranged from 3.28 – 7.96, 4.08 – 6.68, 4.04 – 5.96, 4.16 – 5.32, 4.00 – 5.84 and 4.04 – 6.72 respectively. The mouthfeel of the pineapple wine samples did not differ significantly (P ≥ .05). Taste and alcohol exhibited significant model (P < .05), and were fitted into regression models. Pineapple has been found suitable for wine production. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae var cerevisiae concentration of 6 %v/v and total soluble solids of 25 °Brix is suitable for production of pineapple wine and should be adopted.

Download Full-text

Yield and fruit quality of apple from conventional and organic production systems

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2008000300007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽

Cristiano André Steffens ◽

Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽

Jackson Adriano Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Management System ◽

Production Systems ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Organic Production ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Solids Content

The objective of this study was to assess the yield and fruit quality of apple produced with a conventional and an organic production systems in Southern Brazil. The orchards consisted of alternate rows from 10 to 12-year old 'Royal Gala' and 'Fuji' apple trees on M.7 rootstocks, grown as slender spindles, on 4x6 m spacing. Eighteen apple trees of each cultivar and management system were randomly selected and assessed for nutrition, flowering, fruit set, yield, and fruit quality during two growing seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). The organic management system resulted in lower concentrations of K, Mg, and N in leaves and fruits, and in smaller fruits for both cultivars, and lower fruit yield for 'Fuji' than from the conventional production system. For both cultivars, fruits from the organic orchard harvested at commercial maturity had a more yellowish skin background color, higher percentage of blush in the fruit skin, higher soluble solids content, higher density, higher flesh firmness, and higher severity of russet than fruits from the conventional orchard. Fruit from the organic orchard had lower titratable acidity in 'Royal Gala', and higher incidence of moldy core and lower incidence of watercore in 'Fuji', than fruit from the conventional orchard. A non-trained sensory panel detected no significant differences for fruit attributes of taste, flavor and texture between fruit from the production systems for either cultivar.

Download Full-text

Fruit quality of wild, sweet and yellow passion fruit genotypes in Distrito Federal, Brazil

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-48203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. e37064

Author(s):

Daiane da Silva Nóbrega ◽

Ana Clara Nunes Mendes ◽

José Ricardo Peixoto ◽

Michelle Souza Vilela ◽

Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Length Width ◽

Fruit Mass ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

Despite the importance of passion fruit for the Brazilian fruit market, there are still many agronomic and fruit quality problems to be solved, in order to increase this crop performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of twelve genotypes of wild, sweet and yellow passion fruit, aiming to identify promising materials considering fruit quality, in Federal District, Brazil. An experiment was carried out at the Água Limpa Farm of the Universidade de Brasília (UnB) from 2016 to 2018, in a randomized block design, with 12 treatments, 4 replicates and 6 plants/plot. At the harvesting time, six fruits per plot were randomly collected for the following physicochemical analysis: fruit mass, pulp mass with and without seeds, length/longitudinal diameter, width/transverse diameter, length/width ratio, husk thickness, predominant color of the pulp (L*, C*, h*), number of seeds, seed size, total soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids/total titratable acidity ratio and pH. High heritability values and relation of genetic/environment variation coefficients ratio were observed for most of the characteristics evaluated. The genotypes of yellow passion fruit MAR20#21 P2 x FB 200 P1 R2 and MAR20#19 ROXO R4 x ECRAM P3 R3 showed the best characteristics of fruit mass and pulp mass with seed. All the genotypes studied showed values of total soluble solids above 11ºBrix. Positive and significant correlation was observed between fruit mass and length/width ratio, indicating that oblong fruits have higher fruit mass.

Download Full-text

Postharvest Quality of Beetroots Grown Under Different Irrigation Depths and Ascorbic Acid Doses

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n16p180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽

Joana Gomes de Moura ◽

Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Randomized Design

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a culture of great demand in Brazil due to its high nutritional value. However, water availability is a determining factor on its production. An alternative to reduce the damage caused by water stress is to apply organic solutes, such as ascorbic acid. The purpose hereof was to evaluate the postharvest quality of beetroots grown under different irrigation depths and ascorbic acid doses. The experiment was carried out in the Human, Social, and Agricultural Center’s Postharvest Physiology and Technology Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras, Paraíba, Brazil, in a completely randomized design with five doses of ascorbic acid (0.00, 0.29, 1.00, 1.71, and 2.00 mM) and five irrigation depths (40.0%, 51.6%, 80.0%, 108.4%, and 120.0% of the evapotranspiration), combined according to each Box Central Compound experimental matrix, totaling nine treatments with five repetitions. The variables total soluble solids, electrical conductivity, hydrogenation potential, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and titratable acidity ratio, moisture, dry matter, and mineral matter were evaluated. The data were submitted for analysis of variance and polynomial regression. There was a significant interaction between the irrigation depths and the ascorbic acid doses in every variable, except for electrical conductivity and mineral matter. The postharvest characteristics of beetroots improved with applications of ascorbic acid doses in the thinner irrigation depths. The greatest dose of ascorbic acid (2 mM) in the thinner irrigation depth (40%) increases the postharvest quality of beet tuberous roots.

Download Full-text

Chitosan and fungicides on postharvest control of Guignardia citricarpa and on quality of 'Pêra Rio' oranges

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/s0100-54052011000300011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 142-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria Cristina Canale Rappussi ◽

Eliane Aparecida Benato ◽

Patrícia Cia ◽

Sérgio Florentino Pascholati

Keyword(s):

Black Spot ◽

Storage Period ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Citrus Fruits ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Guignardia Citricarpa ◽

Postharvest Control

Citrus fruits are affected by the black spot disease caused by the fungus Guignardia citricarpa. Chitosan can be used as covering for fruits and may delay the ripening process and inhibit the growth of some fungi. Thus, the control of citrus black spot using chitosan and the fungicides thiabendazole and imazalil was assessed in addition to the physicochemical quality of 'Pêra Rio' oranges. The oranges were immersed into chitosan, thiabendazole or imazalil, and in chitosan mixed with both fungicides. The fruits were then stored at 25 °C, 80% RH, for 7 days and, after this storage period, subjected to physicochemical analyses. Chitosan in association with the fungicides reduced black spot in 'Pêra Rio' oranges and delayed the change in the orange skin colour from green to yellow during the postharvest storage. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid content and ratio were not influenced by the treatments. Thus, chitosan applied with the fungicides thiabendazole and imazalil showed potential to control the development of black spot lesions on 'Pêra Rio' oranges during the postharvest period.

Download Full-text

Effect of nano zeolite and potassium permanganate on shelf life and quality of cut apple

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 55-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fereshteh Khosravi ◽

Mahdyeh Khosravi ◽

Elnaz Pourseyedi

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Preserved Fruit

In the present study the extended storage life of cut apples (Red Delicious) examined using nano zeolite particles and potassium permanganate. Titratable acidity, total soluble solids, pH and weight loss was measured .Visual observations of fruits during storage were investigated. The results showed that pH, soluble solids and fruit weight loss has increased during storage. The acidity of fruits stored with nano zeolite was less decreased as compared with potassium permanganate. The growth of moulds on preserved fruit with nano zeolite was much less after 10 days of storage as compared with potassium permanganate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12050 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 55-60

Download Full-text

The Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene on the Quality Parameters of Idared Apples after 8 Weeks of Storage Simulating Long-Distance Transportation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 528

Author(s):

Kazimierz Tomala ◽

Dominika Guzek ◽

Dominika Głąbska ◽

Maria Małachowska ◽

Tomasz Krupa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Permeability ◽

Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Long Distance ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Simulated Distribution

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), being applied in postharvest treatment of apples as an inhibitor of ethylene perception, contributes to improved quality of apples during 6 weeks of simulated long-distance transportation, but it was not studied if this period may be prolonged. The aim of the present study was to assess the possibility to apply 1-MCP treatment to maintain the quality of Idared apples for long-distance transportation prolonged for 8 weeks. The 1-MCP treatment was applied either alone, or combined with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in selected gas permeability bags and was compared with control group. Postharvest, the storage in Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) chamber was applied (3 periods: 0, 10, or 20 weeks), followed by simulated long distance transportation (storage duration of 8 weeks) and simulated distribution (4 periods: 0, 5, 10, or 15 days). Each studied group (36 groups: 3 postharvest treatments × 3 storage periods × 4 distribution periods) constituted 4 batches with 10 random apples each. After simulated distribution period, each sample was analyzed to assess the differences of firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). The applied treatment influenced observed values of firmness, TSS and TA within each applied storage duration and duration of distribution (p < 0.05). For the majority of the studied durations of storage and distribution, the highest values of firmness, TSS and TA were observed for the samples from the group of 1-MCP applied combined with MAP, while only for some of them, the highest values of firmness and TA, but not TSS, were observed for the samples from the group of 1-MCP applied alone. It may be concluded that applying 1-MCP in the case of Idared apples for long-distance transportation allows prolonging it to 8 weeks without decreasing quality of fruits. Applying 1-MCP combined with MAP allows obtaining even better results than 1-MCP alone, after 8 weeks of transportation. It may be recommended to apply 1-MCP combined with MAP in order to slow the ripening process and to maintain the quality of apples during a long-distance transportation.

Download Full-text

Quality of unprocessed cooled fresh coconut water manually extracted by street vendors

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000512016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karoline Soares ◽

Daniela Morais ◽

Vilson Góis ◽

Jean Silva ◽

Antônio Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

Well Being ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Street Vendors ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Total Titratable Acidity ◽

Fresh Coconut

ABSTRACT: Coconut water is a versatile beverage that is rich in nutrients, has few calories, and presents functional and therapeutic characteristics, improving the well-being and health of consumers. However, the growth of deteriorating microorganisms is facilitated by its water activity and high nutrient content; and when combined with improper handling, this product may become a carrier of foodborne diseases. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of unprocessed cooled fresh coconut water manually extracted by street vendors. Twelve samples of coconut water were collected and subjected to physicochemical (total titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids) and microbiological (mesophilic, and psychrotrophic microorganisms, molds, yeasts, and thermotolerant and total coliforms) analyses. The physicochemical analysis showed variations of 4.3-5.4 for pH, 0.01-0.03 for total titratable acidity, and 2.8-6.3 for total soluble solids. The microbiological analysis showed high contamination in the samples by deteriorating microorganisms, with 58% of the samples contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, regular use of good hygiene practices for handling manually extracted coconut water is necessary to physicochemically and microbiologically standardize this product. Thus, ensuring the quality of the coconut water when it is manually extracted by street vendors and trade as an unprocessed, cooled, and fresh beverage and consequently minimize consumer’s health risks.

Download Full-text