scholarly journals Mapping and Analysis of Biomass Supply Chains in Andalusia and the Republic of Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4595
Author(s):  
Jennifer Attard ◽  
Helena McMahon ◽  
Pat Doody ◽  
Johan Belfrage ◽  
Catriona Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Mapping Model ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Biomass Resource ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Feedstock Availability

The bioeconomy can play a critical role in helping countries to find alternative sustainable sources of products and energy. Countries with diverse terrestrial and marine ecosystems will see diverging feedstock opportunities to develop these new value chains. Understanding the sources, composition, and regional availability of these biomass feedstocks is an essential first step in developing new sustainable bio-based value chains. In this paper, an assessment and analysis of regional biomass availability was conducted in the diverse regions of Andalusia and Ireland using a bioresource mapping model. The model provides regional stakeholders with a first glance at the regional opportunities with regards to feedstock availability and an estimate of the transportation costs associated with moving the feedstock to a different modelled location/region for the envisioned biorefinery plant. The analysis found that there were more than 30 million tonnes of (wet weight) biomass arisings from Ireland (84,000 km2) with only around 4.8 million tonnes from the Andalusian region (87,000 km2). The study found that Cork in Ireland stood out as the main contributor of biomass feedstock in the Irish region, with animal manures making the largest contribution. Meanwhile, the areas of Almería, Jaén, and Córdoba were the main contributors of biomass in the Andalusia region, with olive residues identified as the most abundant biomass resource. This analysis also found that, while considerable feedstock divergence existed within the regions, the mapping model could act as an effective tool for collecting and interpreting the regional data on a transnational basis.

scholarly journals Participation of Kazakhstan Pharmaceutical Companies in Global Value Chains Authors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-485
Author(s):  
Elena D. Frolova ◽  
Zulparuza A. Abdurahkmanova ◽  
Alexander A. Ishukov
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Economies

Growing interest of national economies in global value chains (GVCs) and the lack of micro-level research brought us to study the integration of countries in GVCs at the enterprise level (using the example of the pharmaceutical industry). We examine the situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan that is beginning to integrate into GVCs. Results of a questionnaire survey of the country’s pharmaceutical companies are considered along with public statistics. We developed a methodology to analyse the participation of a national entity in GVCs at the micro-level (including the enterprise participation in GVCs) and assess the performance of Kazakh pharmaceutical companies. The research is based on export and import data. A hypothesis on the participation of national pharmaceutical enterprises was partially confirmed: several surveyed companies participate in generic drugs GVCs at the production level, thus the value added is low. Features of pioneering entry into pharmaceutical global value chains for countries lacking such integration experience were demonstrated on a specific example. The obtained results can be used by countries starting the process of integration into pharmaceutical GVCs, as well as by Kazakhstan when developing the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Water Stress on Rice Biomass Composition and Feedstock Availability for Bioenergy Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10449
Author(s):  
Nurda Hussain ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmed ◽  
Saowapa Duangpan ◽  
Tajamul Hussain ◽  
Juntakan Taweekun
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Biomass Quality ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Feedstock Availability ◽  
The Impact

Bioenergy from rice biomass feedstock is considered one of the potential clean energy resources and several small biomass-based powerplants have been established in rice–growing areas of Thailand. Rice production is significantly affected by drought occurrence which results in declined biomass production and quality. The impact of water stress (WS) was evaluated on six rice cultivars for biomass quality, production and bioenergy potential. Rice cultivars were experimented on in the field under well–watered (WW) and WS conditions. Data for biomass contributing parameters were collected at harvest whereas rice biomass samples were analyzed for proximate and lignocellulosic contents. Results indicated that WS negatively influenced crop performance resulting in 11–41% declined biomass yield (BY). Stability assessment indicated that cultivars Hom Pathum and Dum Ja were stress–tolerant as they exhibited smaller reductions by 11% in their BY under WS. Statistics for proximate components indicated a significant negative impact influencing biomass quality as ash contents of Hom Chan, Dum Ja and RD-15 were increased by 4–29%. Lignocellulosic analysis indicated, an increase in lignin contents of Hom Nang Kaew, Hom Pathum, Dum Ja and RD–15 ranging 7–39%. Reduced biomass production resulted in a 10–42% reduction in bioenergy potential (E). Results proved that cultivation of stress-susceptible cultivars or farmer’s choice and occurrence of WS during crop growth will reduce biomass production, biomass feedstock availability to biomass-based powerplants and affect powerplant’s conversion efficiency resulting in declined bioenergy production.

scholarly journals Understanding regional value chains through the interaction of public and private governance: Insights from Southern Africa’s apparel sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pasquali ◽  
Shane Godfrey ◽  
Khalid Nadvi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Trade Regimes ◽  
Private And Public

Abstract Regional value chains (RVCs) and South–South trade are increasingly considered key features of 21st-century globalisation. This article investigates how RVCs are shaped by the interaction of private and public governance. It evaluates how this interaction unfolded in Southern Africa’s apparel RVCs, exploring trade, investment and labour regimes across three levels of analysis: national, regional, and global. The paper draws on trade data, secondary literature, and interviews with suppliers and institutions in Eswatini and Lesotho (the largest exporters to the region), and lead firms in South Africa (the largest regional importer). The findings underline the critical role of public governance in shaping retailers’ and suppliers’ participation in RVCs through: (i) regional ‘trade regimes’ protecting regional exporters from global competitors, and recent shifts in global trade regimes; (ii) national and regional ‘investment regimes’ facilitating investment flows from South Africa to Lesotho and Eswatini, and the more recent shift of US-oriented suppliers towards regional markets; and (iii) ‘labour regimes’, including lower wages, less comprehensive labour legislation and weaker trade unions in Lesotho and Eswatini compared to South Africa. The article concludes by considering the policy implications of the interaction of private and public governance for existing and future RVCs in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Economic Impacts of Carbon Taxes and Biomass Feedstock Usage in Southeastern United States Coal Utilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton C. English ◽  
Kim Jensen ◽  
Jamey Menard ◽  
Marie E. Walsh ◽  
Craig Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks

The Southeastern United States depends on coal to supply 60% of its electricity needs. The region leads in CO2 emissions and ranks second in emissions of SO2 and NO2. Compared with coal, biomass feedstocks have lower emission levels of sulfur or sulfur compounds and can potentially reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. This study examines the economic impacts of cofiring biomass feedstocks with coal in coal-fired plants under three emission credit and two cofiring level scenarios. Economic impacts are estimated for producing, collecting, and transporting feedstock; retrofitting coal-fired utilities for burning feedstock; operating cofired utilities; and coal displaced from burning the feedstock.

Alcide De Gasperi and the problem of reconstruction

Modern Italy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-457
Author(s):  
Vera Capperucci
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Institutional Architecture ◽  
The Church

Starting with a quick overview of the historiography of Italy from Fascism to the Republic, this article looks at Alcide De Gasperi's establishment as a leader within both the Italian political system and within his Party–the Christian Democrats–casting new light on three aspects of his political activity: (1) his relationship with the Church and the Catholics’ new modes of participation in political life; (2) the reasons inspiring the definition of the Republican State's institutional architecture; and (3) alliance strategy in government formation and in relationships with the other parties. The originality of De Gasperi's political activity can be defined in terms of these issues, together with the development of a distinctive political leadership, for too long overlooked, that would play a critical role in carrying Italy through its postwar reconstruction.

“Our One Great Hope”: The Interdependence of the Woman’s Relief Corps and the Grand Army of the Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2110015
Author(s):  
Adam Chamberlain ◽  
Alixandra B. Yanus
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
State Level ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Auxiliary Role

The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) played a critical role in the lives of many Union veterans after the Civil War. Its efforts were supported by its women’s auxiliary, the Woman’s Relief Corps (WRC). Yet scholars do not know much about the evolution of the relationship between the rising WRC and the slowly declining GAR, whose members were dying away in the early 20th century. Here, we evaluate state-level membership and local group data for both associations to determine the nature of their connection from 1884 to 1924. The evidence reveals that the WRC’s auxiliary role helped sustain the GAR while providing an organizational structure that allowed women to chart an independent course.

scholarly journals A Bivariate Mapping Model Identifies Major Covariation QTLs for Biomass Allocation Between Leaf and Stem Growth of Catalpa bungei

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Zhang ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Tianqing Zhu ◽  
Guijuan Yang ◽  
Guanzheng Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Mapping Model ◽  
Length Width

Biomass allocation plays a critical role in plant morphological formation and phenotypic plasticity, which greatly impact plant adaptability and competitiveness. While empirical studies on plant biomass allocation have focused on molecular biology and ecology approaches, detailed insight into the genetic basis of biomass allocation between leaf and stem growth is still lacking. Herein, we constructed a bivariate mapping model to identify covariation QTLs governing carbon (C) allocation between the leaves and stem as well as the covariation of traits within and between organs in a full-sib mapping population of C. bungei. A total of 123 covQTLs were detected for 23 trait pairs, including six leaf traits (leaf length, width, area, perimeter, length/width ratio and petiole length) and five stem traits (height, diameter at breast height, wood density, stemwood volume and stemwood biomass). The candidate genes were further identified in tissue-specific gene expression data, which provided insights into the genetic architecture underlying C allocation for traits or organs. The key QTLs related to growth and biomass allocation, which included UVH1, CLPT2, GAD/SPL, COG1 and MTERF4, were characterised and verified via gene function annotation and expression profiling. The integration of a bivariate Quantitative trait locus mapping model and gene expression profiling will enable the elucidation of genetic architecture underlying biomass allocation and covariation growth, in turn providing a theoretical basis for forest molecular marker-assisted breeding with specific C allocation strategies for adaptation to heterogeneous environments.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Industrial Policy: A Comparative Study of the Textiles Industry in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 105-134
Author(s):  
Matthew McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The Political ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
The Republic

The textiles industry in Pakistan has failed to fulfill its “historical mission,” whether judged in terms of promoting rapid and sustained economic growth, reducing poverty, or providing employment to young women and so promoting wider social transformation. This paper makes a case for a particular and targeted form of industrial policy that would help the textiles sector learn and upgrade. It argues that those factors commonly seen as constraints to industrial policy—the “China effect,” the global rules of globalization, global value chains, and the problems of energy and education in Pakistan—do need careful consideration, but they are not insurmountable obstacles to industrial upgrading. The key market failure is the risk and uncertainty associated with acquiring and learning to use new technology. The paper explores a number of policy options, reviewing the lessons that cannot be learned from the Republic of Korea and India and one that can from Bangladesh. The latter shows that rapid and sustainable export growth in textiles can be achieved, even in an economy with a weak, corrupt, and unstable form of governance.

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