scholarly journals Simulation of Human Activity Intensity and Its Influence on Mammal Diversity in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4601
Author(s):  
Changbai Xi ◽  
Yao Chi ◽  
Tianlu Qian ◽  
Wenhan Zhang ◽  
Jiechen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Western China ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Snow Leopards

The rapid pace of development in western China has brought about inevitable concerns for environmental conditions and their management. The Sanjiangyuan National Park strives to address concerns for sustainable water resources management and biodiversity management, especially for the protection of endangered flora and fauna. In this study, a machine learning model (MaxEnt) was used to predict the human activity intensity and its effects on species in Sanjiangyuan protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The model used human settlements as input and datasets such as terrain factors, climate, and artificial structures as environmental factors. The results showed that human activity intensity was significantly different between the East and the West. The area with the highest human activity intensity was Yushu County in the south area, and Xinghai-Zeku County in the east. By comparing the mammal richness with human activity intensity, we found human–wildlife coexistence in Sanjiangyuan. A detailed analysis on the CITES protected species showed that many important species, such as snow leopards, red pandas, and small Indian civets, occupied areas with high human activity intensity. The national park protects 3/4 CITES species with 1/3 in the area of the Sanjiangyuan region, owing to the relatively low human activity intensity.

scholarly journals Mapping and Evaluating Human Pressure Changes in the Qilian Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Quntao Duan ◽  
Lihui Luo ◽  
Wenzhi Zhao ◽  
Yanli Zhuang ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Western China ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Qilian Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Human activities have dramatically changed ecosystems. As an irreplaceable ecological barrier in western China, the Qilian Mountains (QLM) provide various ecosystem services for humans. To evaluate the changes in the intensity of human activities in the QLM and their impact on the ecosystem, the human footprint (HF) method was used to conduct a spatial dataset of human activity intensity. In our study, the NDVI was used to characterize the growth of vegetation, and six categories of human pressures were employed to create the HF map in the QLM for 2000–2015 at a 1-km scale. The results showed that the mean NDVI during the growing season showed a significant increasing trend over the entire QLM in the period 2000–2015, while the NDVI showed a significant declining trend of more than 70% concentrated in Qinghai. Human pressure throughout the QLM occurred at a low level during 2000–2015, being greater in the eastern region than the western region, while the Qinghai area had greater human pressure than the Gansu area. Due to the improvement in traffic facilities, tourism, overgrazing, and other illegal activities, grasslands, shrublands, forests, wetlands, and bare land were the vegetation types most affected by human activities (in decreasing order). As the core area of the QLM, the Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve (NR) has effectively reduced the impact of human activities. However, due to the existence of many ecological historical debts caused by unreasonable management in the past, the national park established in 2017 is facing great challenges to achieve its goals. These data and results will provide reference and guidance for future protection and restoration of the QLM ecosystem.

Declining human activity intensity on alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 113198
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Xianzhou Zhang ◽  
Jianshuang Wu ◽  
Qiannan Ding ◽  
Ben Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Activity Intensity

scholarly journals Factors contributing to a striking shift in human–wildlife dynamics in Hemis National Park, India: 22 years of reported snow leopard depredation

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpinder S. Jamwal ◽  
Jigmet Takpa ◽  
Michael H. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hunting Regulations ◽  
Government Records ◽  
Snow Leopards ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractHemis National Park of the Trans-Himalayas is home to a large population of the snow leopard Panthera uncia and increasing numbers of agro-pastoralists. To persist in this harsh terrain, farmers have to either farm livestock or hunt free-ranging, native ungulates. The availability of more livestock and fewer natural prey created a dynamic whereby snow leopards depredated livestock, followed by retaliatory killing of snow leopards. In 1992, to assist farmers and wildlife, the government enacted a cost-compensation scheme. Following a decade with marginally fewer depredation events, in 2002, two additional strategies were implemented: predator-proof holding pens and the Himalayan Homestay Programme. We assessed 22 years (1992–2013) of depredation data, comparing the periods before and after the additional initiatives. Government records showed that during 1992–2013, 1,624 livestock were depredated from 339 sites, with c. USD 15,000 paid as compensation. There were significantly more kills annually before (a mean of 41) than after (3.5) the initiatives, and mass killings (≥ 5 animals killed per attack) were significantly reduced from 5.5 to 0.5 events per year. Goats and sheep (57%) and horses (13%) comprised the majority of losses. The marked reduction in depredation occurred whilst regulations against hunting were being enforced, probably resulting in an increase in the number of wild prey as alternative food. We conclude that together, cost-compensation, tighter hunting regulations, improved holding pens and the Homestay Programme helped support the well-being of the community while aiding conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Human Activity Dampens the Benefits of Group Size on Vigilance in Khulan (Equus hemionus) in Western China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Yang Wang ◽  
Kathreen E. Ruckstuhl ◽  
Wen-Xuan Xu ◽  
David Blank ◽  
Wei-Kang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Western China ◽  
Equus Hemionus

Managing Atlantic marlin as bycatch under ICCAT. The fork in the road: recovery or collapse

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Peel ◽  
Russell Nelson ◽  
C. Phillip Goodyear
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Longline Fisheries

Atlantic billfish (marlin, sailfish and spearfish) are managed under the jurisdiction of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). Because they are not commonly a target species, most fishing mortality is generated as a function of bycatch in various commercial fisheries. Billfish are very important species for recreational fisheries. The record indicates that ICCAT has placed its greatest emphasis on managing target fish to maximize their catch for ‘food purposes’ and has not placed the same level of emphasis on maximizing catch for ‘other purposes’, such as for the benefit of recreational fisheries.Stock assessments indicate Atlantic marlin are severely overexploited, with the rates of decline showing no signs of slowing. The primary source of billfish mortality is as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries for tuna and swordfish. Simultaneous fishing mortality rates that will produce maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for at least one targeted tuna species is near the extinction rate for blue marlin. Failure to significantly reduce fishing mortality on marlin by restraining effort on target species has led to the collapse of both blue and white marlin stocks and, if continued indefinitely, may lead to extinction of either species. Although ICCAT's charter does not prioritize management between different types of fisheries, commercial or recreational, or among different species of fish within its authority, the de facto result of ICCAT's actions to date has relegated billfish to the role of bycatch species. The needs of the directed recreational billfish industry have been largely ignored.In the absence of responsible action by ICCAT to reduce fishing mortality on marlin, those concerned with the conservation of billfish will be forced to seek alternative conservation and management assistance through The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and other protected species options. Compatible management solutions now must be identified and implemented by ICCAT if diverse fishing interests are to coexist and the stocks are to return to MSY. Time and area closures and live releases, coupled with some restraints on targeted effort, may offer a solution most acceptable to all fishing interests.

scholarly journals First national record of Gracixalus quangi Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao & Nguyen, 2011 and G. yunnanensis Yu, Li, Wang, Rao, Wu &Yang, 2019 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sengvilay Lorphengsy ◽  
Tan Nguyen ◽  
Nikolay Poyarkov ◽  
Yun-He Wu ◽  
Parinya Pawangkhanant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Western China ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
Northern Thailand

The bushfrog genus Gracixalus Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2005 is found in southern and south-western China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. It is presently comprised of 17 species. In Thailand, only two species have been recorded, namely G. carinensis (Boulenger) and G. seesom (Massui, Khonsue, Panha & Eto). The latter of these two species is currently known to be endemic to the country. Based on recent field work conducted in 2019 in Doi Phu Kha National Park, Nan Province of northern Thailand, we are reporting two new records of the genus Gracixalus, G. quangi and G. yunnanensis, from Thailand, based on morphological and molecular evidence. In addition, this is the first study to report on the identification of a female specimen of G. yunnanensis. Furthermore, morphological data and natural history notes of the aforementioned species in Thailand have been provided, along with updated locations for the distribution of both species.

scholarly journals Spatial Structure of Melanism in Yellow-Bellied Marmots

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
George Montopoli ◽  
Nick Visser ◽  
Michael Crone
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Marmota Flaviventris ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Teton Range

Melanism (black fur coloration) in the yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris, is encountered uniquely in the Teton Range in northwest Wyoming. This study is designed to investigate whether the occurrence of melanism is associated with reduced predation due to high human activity. Because overuse by humans can particularly stress the environment, the implications of this project are especially significant for Grand Teton National Park where efforts are directed to minimizing human impact. In addition, an estimation technique to calculate the likelihood that the melanistic allele is dominant is developed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Resources Security in the Karst Region from the “Man-Land-Water” Perspective: A Case Study of Guizhou Province

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun-Wei Zheng ◽  
Wei-Ci Su ◽  
Feng-Tai Zhang ◽  
Zi-Qin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Comprehensive Index ◽  
Geomorphological Features

This paper constructs a water resources security evaluation model from the “man (human activity intensity)-land (geological and geomorphological features)-water (water resources background conditions)” perspective, which accounts for the characteristics of hydrology and water resources in karst areas. A water resources security evaluation index system is established from three aspects (i.e., the background conditions of water resources, human activity intensity and geological and geomorphological features). The evaluation standard threshold is determined in accordance with relevant standards and domestic/foreign development experience. Both the comprehensive weights obtained by the Lagrange coefficient and the multi-objective fuzzy membership functions are used to comprehensively evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of water resources security in Guizhou Province from 2001 to 2015. The results show that the water resources security comprehensive index of Guizhou Province was between 0.6 and 0.8 during this time (relatively safe type) and the safety was trending upwards. However, the comprehensive index of water resources security of each city in Guizhou Province demonstrates significant spatiotemporal variation. Whilst the comprehensive index was low in the Western part and high in the Eastern part of the province, it generally improved over time for the entire province. Moreover, the criteria layer indexes of water resources security in Guizhou Province and all cities also showed different degrees of variation and regional consistency across space and time. The interaction among these three aspects promoted the spatiotemporal variation of the Water Resources Security Comprehensive Index. In order to safeguard and improve water resources security, it is important to strengthen ecological and environmental management, promote the efficient use of water resources, establish sound management measures and security system related institutions and ensure water resources security.

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