Performance of Different Catalysts for the In Situ Cracking of the Oil-Waxes Obtained by the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Film Waste

Currently, society is facing a great environmental problem, due to the large amount of plastic waste generated, most of which is not subjected to any type of treatment. In this work, polyethylene film waste from the non-selectively collected fraction was catalytically pyrolyzed at 500 °C, 20 °C/min for 2 h, in a discontinuous reactor using nitrogen as an inert gas stream. The main objective of this paper is to find catalysts that decrease the viscosity of the liquid fraction, since this property is quite meaningful in thermal pyrolysis. For this purpose, the three products of catalytic pyrolysis, the gaseous fraction, the solid fraction and the liquid fraction, were separated, obtaining the yield values. After that, the aspect of the liquid fraction was studied, differentiating which catalysts produced a larger quantity of waxy fraction and which ones did not. The viscosity of these samples was measured in order to confirm the catalysts that helped to obtain a less waxy fraction. The results showed that the zeolites Y and the zeolites β used in this study favor the obtaining of a compound with a smaller amount of waxes than for example catalysts such as FCC, ZSM-5 or SnCl2.

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Nitrogen fertilizer value of animal slurries with different proportions of liquid and solid fractions: A 3-year study under field conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000083 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Betina Nørgaard Pedersen ◽

Bent T. Christensen ◽

Luca Bechini ◽

Daniele Cavalli ◽

Jørgen Eriksen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Fraction ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Organic N ◽

First Year ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Total N ◽

Plant Availability ◽

Loamy Sand Soil

Abstract The plant availability of manure nitrogen (N) is influenced by manure composition in the year of application whereas some studies indicate that the legacy effect in following years is independent of the composition. The plant availability of N in pig and cattle slurries with variable contents of particulate matter was determined in a 3-year field study. We separated cattle and a pig slurry into liquid and solid fractions by centrifugation. Slurry mixtures with varying proportions of solid and liquid fraction were applied to a loamy sand soil at similar NH4+-N rates in the first year. Yields and N offtake of spring barley and undersown perennial ryegrass were compared to plots receiving mineral N fertilizer. The first year N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of total N in slurry mixtures decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction. The second and third season NFRV averaged 6.5% and 3.8% of total N, respectively, for cattle slurries, and 18% and 7.5% for pig slurries and was not related to the proportion of solid fraction. The estimated net N mineralization of residual organic N increased nearly linearly with growing degree days (GDD) with a rate of 0.0058%/GDD for cattle and 0.0116%/GDD for pig slurries at 2000–5000 GDD after application. In conclusion NFRV of slurry decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction in the first year. In the second year, NFRV of pig slurry N was significantly higher than that of cattle slurry N and unaffected by proportion between solid and liquid fraction.

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Products characterization for fast in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of bio-oil over Ni/Al2O3

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/657/1/012023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 657 (1) ◽

pp. 012023

Author(s):

Zengtong Deng ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Song Hu ◽

Sheng Su ◽

Long Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Bio Oil

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Manufacturing Fe–TiC Composite Powder via Inert Gas Atomization by Forming Reinforcement Phase In Situ

Advanced Engineering Materials ◽

10.1002/adem.202000717 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2000717

Author(s):

Anton Perminov ◽

Gert Bartzsch ◽

Armin Franke ◽

Horst Biermann ◽

Olena Volkova

Keyword(s):

Composite Powder ◽

Inert Gas ◽

Gas Atomization

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Solar assisted catalytic pyrolysis of chicken-litter waste with in-situ and ex-situ loading of CaO and char

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 408-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Haftom Weldekidan ◽

Vladimir Strezov ◽

Tao Kan ◽

Ravinder Kumar ◽

Jing He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Chicken Litter

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Energy and pressure requirements for compression of swine solid fraction compost

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2013.347 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (2s) ◽

Author(s):

Niccolò Pampuro ◽

Alessio Facello ◽

Eugenio Cavallo

Keyword(s):

Solid Fraction ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Value Added ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Application Time ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Pressure Application ◽

Potential Risks ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

Solid Liquid Separation

The excessive amount of pig slurry spread on soil has contributed to nitrate water pollution both in surface and in ground waters, especially in areas classified as vulnerable zones to nitrate in accordance with European Regulation (91/676/CEE). Several techniques have been developed to manage livestock slurries as cheaply and conveniently as possible and to reduce potential risks of environmental pollution. Among these techniques, solid-liquid separation of slurry is a common practice in Italy. The liquid fraction can be used for irrigation and the solid fraction, after aerobic stabilization, produces an organic compost rich in humic substances. However, compost derived from swine solid fraction is a low density material (bulk density less than 500 kg􀀀m–3). This makes it costly to transport composted swine solid fraction from production sites to areas where it could be effectively utilized for value-added applications such as in soil fertilization. Densification is one possible way to enhance the storage and transportation of the compost. This study therefore investigates the effect of pressure (20- 110 MPa) and pressure application time (5-120 s) on the compaction characteristics of compost derived from swine solid fraction. Two different types of material have been used: composted swine solid fraction derived from mechanical separation and compost obtained by mixing the first material with wood chips. Results obtained showed that both the pressure applied and the pressure application time significantly affect the density of the compacted samples; while the specific compression energy is significantly affected only by the pressure. Best predictor equations were developed to predict compact density and the specific compression energy required by the densification process. The specific compression energy values based on the results from this study (6-32 kJ􀀀kg–1) were significantly lower than the specific energy required to manufacture pellets from biomass feedstock (typically 19-90 kJ􀀀kg–1).

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Is it possible to increase the oil yield of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass? A study using commercially-available acid and basic catalysts in ex-situ and in-situ modus

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis ◽

10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Daniele Castello ◽

Songbo He ◽

M. Pilar Ruiz ◽

Roel J.M. Westerhof ◽

Hero Jan Heeres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Basic Catalysts ◽

Pyrolysis Of Biomass

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Experimental Study of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Components

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10113979 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3979 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Azubuike Anene ◽

Siw Fredriksen ◽

Kai Sætre ◽

Lars-Andre Tokheim

Keyword(s):

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Waste Plastics ◽

Molecular Weight Range ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis ◽

Pp Blends ◽

Hydrocarbon Distribution

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7–C12 (gasoline range) and C13–C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7–C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel.

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Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis

Journal of Energy Research and Reviews ◽

10.9734/jenrr/2020/v4i230120 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dan Kica Omol ◽

Ongwech Acaye ◽

David Fred Okot ◽

Ocident Bongomin

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Clay Mineral ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Acid Activated Clay

Plastics have become an essential part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299 million tonnes in 2013, which has increased enormously in the present years. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose tremendous negative significant impacts on the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for the production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. The samples collection for both plastic wastes and clay catalyst, sample preparation and pyrolysis experiment for oil production was done in Laroo Division, Gulu Municipality, Northern Uganda Region, Uganda. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid-activated clay mineral and aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3 hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: The first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst (purely thermal pyrolysis). The second phase involves the use of acid-activated clay mineral. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. Both phases were done at different heating rates. In purely thermal pyrolysis, 88 mL of oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39ºC and heating rates of 12.55ºC /minute and reaction time of 4 hours. Acid activated clay mineral yielded 100 mL of oil with the heating rates of 12.55ºC/minute and reaction time of 3 hours 30 minutes. While aluminium chlorides on activated carbon produced 105 mL of oil at a maximum temperature of 400ºC and heating rates of 15.5ºC /minute and reaction time of 3 hours 10 minutes. From the experimental results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminium chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.

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