scholarly journals Fast Setting Binders for Application in 3D Printing of Bio-Based Building Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8838
Author(s):  
Maris Sinka ◽  
Jelizaveta Zorica ◽  
Diana Bajare ◽  
Genadijs Sahmenko ◽  
Aleksandrs Korjakins
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

The construction industry is one of the largest emitters of CO2 because the production of traditional building materials is highly energy-intensive and uses considerable amounts of raw materials. This research aims to decrease the negative environmental impact of the construction industry by providing biocomposites with a low environmental impact due to their bio-based components and efficient use of the materials through 3D printing. Agricultural waste products—hemp shives—are used in these materials as a filler together with three different types of fast-setting binders—magnesium, calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) and those that are gypsum-based. The study determines the setting time and compressive strength of these binders, as well as the formation of biocomposites of different densities for different applications; extrusion tests and preliminary life cycle assessment (LCA) are also performed. Results show that biocomposites with hemp shives and fast setting binders have a possible application in 3D printing due to their shape stability and buildability, as well as relatively high compressive strength, which allows for load-bearing use at high densities and thermal insulation use at low densities, although printability at low binder content remains a significant challenge. Preliminary LCA results show that CSA and gypsum binders have the lowest environmental impact from the binders considered.

scholarly journals Disposal of Mining Waste: Classification and International Recycling Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 02012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Samir ◽  
Faruz Alama ◽  
Paul Buysse ◽  
Tomas van Nylen ◽  
Oleg Ostanin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Waste Classification ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Almost All

The main directions of mining and industrial wastes’ utilization are the production of building materials, their use in the construction industry without additional processing, and also the production of metals from metal-containing raw materials. It should be noted that current waste is preferable for the production of building materials, since they preserve the primary physical and mechanical properties and chemical composition and, moreover, can reach the consumer bypassing all other steps that are mandatory for waste consolidated (transportation, storage, etc.). For the production of building materials, not less than 30% of overburden and refinement tailings are suitable, almost all metallurgical and fuel slags, waste products of fertilizers and building materials. Even larger amounts of waste can be used for various laying and burial works (construction of road bases and dams, filling of worked out areas, leveling of the relief).

Metallurgical Waste in Construction Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 839 ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Maria L. Berseneva ◽  
Galina V. Vasilovskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Y. Klindukh ◽  
Irina I. Terekhova ◽  
Elena Yu. Gumennaya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Potential Use

The paper discusses a negative effect of metallurgical waste on the ecosystem, costs and benefits of a potential use of solid metallurgical waste products in production of building materials with the purpose to reduce their harmful effect on the environment and preserve nonrenewable natural resources. The most usable products a component of which is metallurgical waste, such as slag concrete and blocks, as well as break stone are compared with products made of natural raw materials. The most appropriate application fields with the minimal harm to human health and nature are recommended.

scholarly journals Thermal Characterization of Recycled Materials for Building Insulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3564
Author(s):  
Arnas Majumder ◽  
Laura Canale ◽  
Costantino Carlo Mastino ◽  
Antonio Pacitto ◽  
Andrea Frattolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Operational Phase

The building sector is known to have a significant environmental impact, considering that it is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions of around 36% and is also responsible for about 40% of global energy consumption. Of this, about 50% takes place during the building operational phase, while around 10–20% is consumed in materials manufacturing, transport and building construction, maintenance, and demolition. Increasing the necessity of reducing the environmental impact of buildings has led to enhancing not only the thermal performances of building materials, but also the environmental sustainability of their production chains and waste prevention. As a consequence, novel thermo-insulating building materials or products have been developed by using both locally produced natural and waste/recycled materials that are able to provide good thermal performances while also having a lower environmental impact. In this context, the aim of this work is to provide a detailed analysis for the thermal characterization of recycled materials for building insulation. To this end, the thermal behavior of different materials representing industrial residual or wastes collected or recycled using Sardinian zero-km locally available raw materials was investigated, namely: (1) plasters with recycled materials; (2) plasters with natural fibers; and (3) building insulation materials with natural fibers. Results indicate that the investigated materials were able to improve not only the energy performances but also the environmental comfort in both new and in existing buildings. In particular, plasters and mortars with recycled materials and with natural fibers showed, respectively, values of thermal conductivity (at 20 °C) lower than 0.475 and 0.272 W/(m⋅K), while that of building materials with natural fibers was always lower than 0.162 W/(m⋅K) with lower values for compounds with recycled materials (0.107 W/(m⋅K)). Further developments are underway to analyze the mechanical properties of these materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Choi ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Bae ◽  
Tae-Gue Oh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Ferronickel Slag

In recent years, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have continued worldwide. In the construction industry, a large amount of CO2 is generated during the production of Portland cement, and various studies are being conducted to reduce the amount of cement and enable the use of cement substitutes. Ferronickel slag is a by-product generated by melting materials such as nickel ore and bituminous coal, which are used as raw materials to produce ferronickel at high temperatures. In this study, we investigated the fluidity, microhydration heat, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and carbonation characteristics of a ternary cement mortar including ferronickel-slag powder and fly ash. According to the test results, the microhydration heat of the FA20FN00 sample was slightly higher than that of the FA00FN20 sample. The 28-day compressive strength of the FA20FN00 mix was approximately 39.6 MPa, which was higher than that of the other samples, whereas the compressive strength of the FA05FN15 mix including 15% of ferronickel-slag powder was approximately 11.6% lower than that of the FA20FN00 mix. The drying shrinkage of the FA20FN00 sample without ferronickel-slag powder was the highest after 56 days, whereas the FA00FN20 sample without fly ash showed the lowest shrinkage compared to the other mixes.

scholarly journals Characteristic of materials for the 3D printed building constructions by additive printing

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 01013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pacewicz ◽  
Anna Sobotka ◽  
Łukasz Gołek
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Three dimensional printing is a promising new technology to erect construction objects. Around the world in every moment a new prototypes constructions are made by using this method. Three dimensional printing is taken into account as technology which can be used to print constructions in automated way on the Moon or Mars. The raw materials, which can be used with three dimensional printing have to fulfil basic requirements for those which are used in construction. That means that components of printing mortars are made from ingredients easily accessible in area nearby construction site and can be reusable. The cost of printing building objects due to that requirements is comparable to costs of traditional building, which are currently available. However additive techniques of printing needs a dedicated mortars for printer supplying. Characteristic for such mortars is: setting time, compressive strength, followability in the printing system, shape stability of every printed layer, controlling the hydration rate to ensure bonding with the subsequent layer, reusable capabilities, easily accessible raw materials, cost of such mixtures shouldn’t be too high in order to keep 3D printing competitive for traditional ways of building, mortar components should be recyclable and printing process should not influence negatively on an environment and people. All properties of printing mortars are determined by the device for additive application method. In this paper review of available materials used for three dimensional printing technology at construction site is presented. Presented materials were analysed in terms of requirements for building materials technology. Due to the lack of detailed information’s in available literature, regarding to the properties of raw materials, the results of this analysis may be used in the designing of new concrete mixtures for the use in three-dimensional printing technology for construction.

scholarly journals Bio-based construction materials for a sustainable future

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijk Block ◽  
Barbara Kuit ◽  
Torsten Schröder ◽  
Patrick Teuffel
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Primary Materials

<p>The structural engineering community has a strong responsibility to contribute to a more efficient use of natural resources. Nowadays the construction industry is by far the most resource intense industry sector, approximately 40-50% of all primary raw materials are used, which raises the question about the architects and engineer’s accountability. In this context and as a result of the Paris Climate agreement the Dutch government defined the program “Nederland Circulair in 2050”, which states the ambition to use 50% less primary materials in 2030 and to have a full circular economy in 2050.</p><p>One possible approach to achieve these ambitious goals is the application of renewable, bio-based materials in the built environment and to replace traditional, typically cement-based, materials. Already in the past natural building materials, such as timber and bamboo have been used widely, but in recent years new materials came up and provide new opportunities to be used in the construction industry. The authors explored various alternatives, such as hemp and flax fibres, mycelium and lignin-based fibres for composite materials, which will be described with various experimental and realised case studies.</p>

scholarly journals Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC) estabilizados con cal y cemento. Evaluación de su impacto ambiental y su resistencia a compresión

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Santiago Pedro Cabrera ◽  
Yolanda Guadalupe Aranda-Jiménez ◽  
Edgardo Jonathan Suárez-Domínguez ◽  
Rodolfo Rotondaro
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
The City

This work presents the evaluation of the environmental impact and compressive strength of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) stabilized with hydrated aerial lime and Portland cement. For this, 12 series of blocks stabilized with different proportions of lime and cement were manufactured and the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology was used. After conducting these assays and simulations, it could be concluded that, using earth and sand typical of the city of Santa Fe (Argentina), stabilized with certain percentages of Portland cement between 5 and 10% in weight, CEB can be produced with sufficient levels of strength for them to be used in load-bearing walls, in this way minimizing the negative environmental impact associated with their manufacturing. It is also concluded that the stabilization with aerial lime does not increase the CEB’s compressive strength and, on the contrary, significantly increases their negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO RECYCLE 3D PRINTING CONCRETE SCRAP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
D.A. Tolypin ◽  
N. Tolypina
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Control Samples

the article proposes a rational method for processing 3D printing concrete scrap using vibration equipment, which allows obtaining a multicomponent building material with minimal electricity consumption. As a crite-rion for the degree of grinding of concrete scrap, it is proposed to use the specific surface area of the finely dispersed part of concrete scrap, which should correspond to 400-500 m2/kg. The possibility of reusing the resulting product instead of the traditional fine aggregate of quartz sand is shown. It was found that the con-crete scrap without the addition of Portland cement hardens, reaching up to 48% of the compressive strength of the control samples by 28 days. When 10% of the binder CEM I 42.5 N was added to the concrete scrap processing product, the compressive strength of fine-grained concrete increased by 106.6%, and 20% of Portland cement - by 112.2 %, compared to the strength of control samples of a similar composition on tra-ditional quartz sand after 28 days of hardening. It is noted that this is primarily due to the weak contact zone of quartz sand and the cement matrix of concrete. The use of the product of processing concrete scrap al-lows obtaining building composites based on it with the complete exclusion of natural raw materials

Use of Water Glass from Rice Husk and Bagasse Ashes in the Preparation of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khemmakorn Gomonsirisuk ◽  
Parjaree Thavorniti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Preparation Process

The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of preparation of fly ash based geopolymer using sodium water glass from agricultural waste as alternative activators. Rice husk ash and bagasse ash were used as raw materials for producing sodium water glass solution. The sodium water glass were produced by mixing rice husk ash and bagasse ash with NaOH in ball mill and boiling. The prepared sodium water glass were analyzed and used in geopolymer preparation process. The geopolymer paste were prepared by adding the obtained water glass and NaOH with fly ash. After cured at ambient temperature for 7 days, mechanical properties were investigated. Bonding and phases of the geopolymer were also characterized. The geopolymer from rice husk ash presented highest compressive strength about 23 MPa while the greatest for bagasse ash was about 16 MPa.

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