scholarly journals Effect of Urbanization on Ecosystem Service Values in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration of China from 2000 to 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10233
Author(s):  
Shan Liu ◽  
Mingxia Yang ◽  
Yuling Mou ◽  
Yanrong Meng ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
The Sustainable Development

Rapid urbanization has led to the continuous deterioration of the surrounding natural ecosystem. It is important to identify the key urbanization factors that affect ecosystem services and analyze the potential effects of these factors on the ecosystem. We selected the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration to investigate these effects, and designed three indicators to map the urbanization level: Population density, gross domestic product (GDP) density, and the construction land proportion. Four indicators were chosen to quantify ecosystem services: Food production, carbon sequestration and oxygen production, water conservation, and soil conservation. To handle the nonlinear interactions, we used a random forest (RF) method to assess the effect of urbanization on ecosystem services in the BTH area from 2000 to 2014. Our study demonstrated that population density and economic growth were the internal driving forces affecting ecosystem services. We observed changing trends in the effect of urbanization: The effect of population density on ecosystem services increased, the effect of the proportion of construction land was consistent with population density, and the effect of GDP density on ecosystem services decreased. Our results suggest that controlling the population and GDP would significantly influence the sustainable development in large urban areas.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Impacts of Urban Sprawl on Ecosystem Services: Implications for Urban Planning in The Process of Rapid Urbanization

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Gulinaer Suoerdahan ◽  
Zhenyu Shi ◽  
Zihan Xing ◽  
Yongxing Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Study Region

Rapid urbanization drives land cover change, affecting urban ecosystems and inducing serious environmental issues. The study region of Changchun, China was divided into three urbanization categories according to different urbanization levels and the characteristics of urban sprawl and changes and relationships between typical ecosystem services (ESs) under rapid urbanization were analysed. The results showed that Changchun has undergone considerable urban expansion since 2000, which has significantly impacted all ESs in terms of spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Habitat suitability and crop yield have relatively stronger service capacity in the study area. Since the expansion of large-scale infrastructures, the mean ES values of developed urban areas are the lowest among the three zones, except for water retention and sandstorm prevention in 2015, when the balance between all services decreased. Over the past 16 years, habitat suitability in developing urban areas has decreased to a large extent due to urban sprawl. Because of the improvement in agricultural science and technology, crop yield in three regions increased, while the area of cropland reduced from 1720 km2 to 1560 km2 (9.3%). Synergies between habitat suitability and carbon storage and habitat suitability and soil retention were detected in three areas. A trade-off between habitat suitability and water retention was detected in three areas. The interactions between crop yield and carbon storage, habitat suitability, and soil retention were more complex in this study region. In addition to water retention, urbanization index has a negative correlation with ESs. According to the results, some suggestions to alleviate ES loss during the process of rapid urbanization were proposed, which may guide scientific urban planning for sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals MONITORING CHANGES OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES SUPPLY AND DEMAND PATTERN IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN LIAONING URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CHINA USING LANDSAT IMAGES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 765-770
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
F. Huang ◽  
S. Chang ◽  
H. Qi ◽  
H. Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Indentifying the spatio-temporal patterns of ecosystem services supply and demand and the driving forces is of great significance to the regional ecological security and sustainable socio-economic development. Due to long term and high-intensity development, the ecological environment in central and southern Liaoning urban agglomerations has been greatly destroyed thereafter has restricted sustainable development in this region. Based on Landsat ETM and OLI images, land use of this urban agglomeration in 2005, 2010 and 2015 was extracted. The integrative index of multiple-ecosystem services (IMES) was used to quantify the supply (IMESs), demand (IMESd) and balance (IMESb) of multiple-ecosystem services, The spatial patterns of ecosystem services and its dynamics for the period of 2005–2015 were revealed. The multiple regression and stepwise regression analysis were used to explore relationships between ecosystem services and socioeconomic factors. The results showed that the IMESs of the region increased by 2.93 %, whereas IMESd dropped 38 %. The undersupplied area was reduced to 2. The IMESs and IMESb were mainly negatively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP), population density, foreign investment and industrial output, while GDP per capita and the number of teachers had significant positive impacts on ecosystem services supply. The positive correlation between IMESd and GDP, population density and foreign investment were found. The ecosystem services models were established. Supply and balance of multiple-ecosystem services were positively correlated with population density, but the demand was the opposite. The results can provide some reference value for the coordinately economic and ecological development in the study area.

scholarly journals Global Variation in Climate, Human Development, and Population Density Has Implications for Urban Ecosystem Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Richards ◽  
Mahyar Masoudi ◽  
Rachel R. Y. Oh ◽  
Erik S. Yando ◽  
Jingyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Urban Ecosystem Services ◽  
Global Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
Tropical Cities ◽  
Future Work

Humans rely upon ecosystem services to regulate their environment and to provide resources and cultural benefits. As the world’s urban population grows, it becomes increasingly important to find ways of improving the provision of ecosystem services in urban areas. However, the kinds of ecosystem services that are most needed or demanded by urban populations, and the opportunities to provide these, vary widely in cities around the world. Here we explore variation in climate, Human Development Index (HDI), and population density, and discuss their implications for providing and managing urban ecosystem services. Using 221 published studies of urban ecosystem services, we analyse the extent to which existing research adequately covers global variation in climatic and social conditions. Our results reveal an under-representation of studies from tropical cities and from lower HDI countries, with implications for how we conceptualize and quantify urban ecosystem services, and how we transfer benefits across case studies. Future work should be aimed at correcting these deficits and determining the extent to which conclusions about urban ecosystem services are transferable from one city to another.

scholarly journals Coupling Coordination Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Urbanization Quality in the West Taiwan Strait Urban Agglomeration, China: Observation and Analysis from DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Imagery and Panel Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3217
Author(s):  
Chunyan Lu ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Yifan Lei ◽  
Chunying Ren ◽  
Ying Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
The West ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Nighttime Light Imagery

Urban sprawl is the most prominent characteristic of urbanization, and increasingly affects local and regional sustainable development. The observation and analysis of urban sprawl dynamics and their relationship with urbanization quality are essential for framing integrative urban planning. In this study, the urban areas of the West Taiwan Strait Urban Agglomeration (WTSUA) were extracted using nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2013. The spatio-temporal characteristics and pattern of urban sprawl were quantitatively analyzed by combining an urban expansion rate index and a standard deviation ellipse model. The urbanization quality was assessed using an entropy weight model, and its relationship with urban sprawl was calculated by a coupling coordination degree model. The results showed that the urban area in the WTSUA experienced a significant increase, i.e., 18,806.73 km2, during the period 1992–2013. The central cities grew by 11.08% and noncentral cities by 27.43%, with a general uneven city rank-size distribution. The urban sprawl showed a circular expansion pattern, accompanied by a gradual centroid migration of urban areas from the southeast coast to the central-western regions. The coupling coordination level between urban expansion and urbanization quality increased from serious incoordination in 1992 to basic coordination in 2013. Dual driving forces involving state-led policies and market-oriented land reform had a positive influence on the harmonious development of urban sprawl and urbanization quality of the WTSUA. This research offers an effective approach to monitor changes in urban sprawl and explore the coupling coordination relationship between urban sprawl and urbanization quality. The study provides important scientific references for the formulation of future policies and planning for sustainable development in urban agglomerations.

scholarly journals Detecting the Complex Relationships and Driving Mechanisms of Key Ecosystem Services in the Central Urban Area Chongqing Municipality, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4248
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Xingzhong Yuan ◽  
Lilei Zhou ◽  
Shuangshuang Liu ◽  
Mengjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Social Ecological

Ecosystem services (ESs) are highly vulnerable to human activities. Understanding the relationships among multiple ESs and driving mechanisms are crucial for multi-objective management in complex social-ecological systems. The goals of this study are to quantitatively evaluate and identify ESs hotspots, explore the relationships among ESs and elucidate the driving mechanisms. Taking central urban area Chongqing municipality as the study area, biodiversity (BI), carbon fixation (CF), soil conservation (SC) and water conservation (WC) were evaluated based on the InVEST model and ESs hotspots were identified. The complex interactions among multiple ESs were determined by utilizing multiple methods: spearman correlation analysis, bivariate local spatial autocorrelation and K-means clustering. The linear or nonlinear relationships between ESs and drivers were discussed by generalized additive models (GAMs). The results showed that during 2000–2018, except for CF that exhibited no obvious change, all other ESs showed a decrease tendency. High ESs were clustered in mountains, while ESs in urban areas were lowest. At administrative districts scale, ESs were relatively higher in Beibei, Banan and Yubei, and drastically decreased in Jiangbei. Multiple ES hotspots demonstrated clear spatial heterogeneity, which were mainly composed of forestland and distributed in mountainous areas with high altitude and steep slope. The relationships between ES pairs were synergistic at the entire scale. However, at grid scale, the synergies were mainly concentrated in the high-high and low-low clusters, i.e., mountainous areas and urban central areas. Five ESs bundles presented the interactions among multiple ESs, which showed well correspondence with social-ecological conditions. GAMs indicated that forestland and grassland had positive impact on BI and CF. Additionally, SC was mainly determined by geomorphological factors, while WC were mainly influenced by precipitation. Furthermore, policy factors were confirmed to have a certain positive effect on ESs. This study provides credible references for ecosystem management and urban planning.

scholarly journals Village Level Provisioning Ecosystem Services and Their Values to Local Communities in the Peri-Urban Areas of Manila, The Philippines

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamik Chakraborty ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Raveena Raj ◽  
Huynh Vuong Thu Minh
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Provisioning Ecosystem Services ◽  
Laguna De Bay ◽  
Special District ◽  
Provisioning Services

This study investigates different provisioning services in the peri-urban landscapes of Manila conurbation through a case study of two villages in the Jala-Jala municipality of the Laguna de Bay area in the Philippines. Laguna de Bay is an ecologically productive and important watershed for the urban and peri-urban areas of Manila for the provision of food, freshwater, and other materials. However, the lake and its ecosystem are under threat because of rapid urbanization and associated land-use changes. This study is based on a semi-quantitative survey conducted with 90 households in two villages: Special District and Paalaman. It was aimed to capture how provisioning services in the locality are connected with local livelihoods. The results obtained from the study suggest that landscapes in this peri-urban area still has considerable provisioning ecosystem services associated with local biodiversity and that this dependence on provisioning services and their relationship to peri-urban landscapes and biodiversity should be addressed for sustainable landscape management. The results have important implications for the conservation potential of biodiversity on which local livelihoods depend, in urban and peri-urban ecosystems.

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamics and Their Response to the Urbanization of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8550
Author(s):  
Yuyang Chang ◽  
Geli Zhang ◽  
Tianzhu Zhang ◽  
Zhen Xie ◽  
Jingxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Using Data

Rapid global urbanization has caused substantial changes in land cover and vegetation growth. Rapid urban growth in a short time has escalated the conflicts between economic development and ecological conservation, particularly in some metropolitan regions. However, the effects of rapid urbanization on vegetation have not been fully captured, especially accounting for the latest ecological development initiatives. In this study, we chose a typical urban agglomeration, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration in China, and analyzed the vegetation variation and the impacts of urbanization on the vegetation growth based on transferable methods, using data such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the nighttime light (NTL). The results indicate significantly enhanced vegetation growth in the BTH region, with a strikingly spatial pattern of greening in the northwest, and browning in the southeast from 2001 to 2018. Besides this, the results enclose most of the areas (72%) of built-up land in the BTH, which tended to brown in the process of rapid urban development, while 27% greened with increasing urbanization. This means that the vegetation’s response to urbanization shows apparent differences and geographic heterogeneity along the urbanization gradient at the urban agglomeration scale. Parts of the periphery of the metropolis and the central areas of developing cities may experience a browning trend; however, the core urban areas of urbanized metropolises demonstrate greening, rather than browning. Furthermore, this study provides solid evidence on the remarkable greening impacts of several ecological restoration projects which are currently underway, especially in ecologically fragile areas (e.g., the suburbs). The implications derived from the urban ecological development and the transferable methodology deployed in this paper facilitate the unfolding relationships between urbanization and social-ecological development. Our findings provide new insights into the interactions between vegetation dynamics and urbanization at the regional level.

scholarly journals Importance, Utilization and Health of Urban Forests: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Alexandra D. SOLOMOU ◽  
Eleni T. TOPALIDOU ◽  
Rafaelia GERMANI ◽  
Apostolia ARGIRI ◽  
George KARETSOS
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Academic Resources

Urbanization and development of cities are rapidly increasing across the world and urban forests constitute important tools that maintain the basic environmental and ecological functions of cities on which plant, animal and human existence depend. This paper presents a literature review on importance, utilization and health of urban forests that are important in providing ecosystem services for the sustainability of cities. Analysis of the literature from the main academic resources databases indicates that urban forest is a dynamic system which includes trees, shrubs, green space, soil and water that supports them. Urban forests provide many functions, services and benefits which are needed for the sustainable development of urban areas. In addition, health and appearance of trees’ composition are the most important factors in determining a city’s visual image and quality of life. Thus, urban forests are an important component of an ecosystem in any community development. Furthermore, management of urban forests can increase their potentials and therefore their functions, services and benefits. Green infrastructure and ecosystem services are the most efficient tools that cities can utilise to remain healthy, robust and liveable. Hence, the planners, architects, engineers, foresters, agriculturists and all those involved in decision making should be utilized the present literature review and incorporate the concept of urban forest in their  plans and programs so as to achieve the sustainability of cities.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Patterns of Urbanization in the Three Most Developed Urban Agglomerations in China Based on Continuous Nighttime Light Data (2000–2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Haipeng Ye ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
Dongqi Sun ◽  
Zehong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Urban Agglomerations

Urban agglomeration is an advanced spatial form of integrating cities, resulting from the global urbanization of recent decades. Understanding spatiotemporal patterns and evolution is of great importance for improving urban agglomeration management. This study used continuous time-series NTL data from 2000 to 2018 combined with land-use images to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization in the three most developed urban agglomerations in China over the past two decades: the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRD), and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The NTL intensity indexes, dynamic thresholds, extracted urban areas, and landscape metrics were synthetically used to facilitate the analysis. This study found that the urbanization process in the study areas could be divided into three stages: rapid urbanization in core cities from 2000 to 2010, a fluctuating urbanization process in both core cities and surrounding cities from 2010 to 2015, and stable urbanization, mainly in surrounding cities with a medium size after 2015. Meanwhile, the urbanization level of GBA was higher than that of YRD and BTH. However, with the acceleration of urban development in YRD, the gap in the urbanization level between GBA and YRD narrowed significantly in the third stage. In addition, this study confirmed that the scattered, medium-sized cities in YRD and GBA were more developed than those in BTH. This study showed that continuous NTL data could be effectively applied to monitor the urbanization patterns of urban agglomerations.

scholarly journals The Ecosystem Services Value Change and Its Driving Forces Responding to Spatio-Temporal Process of Landscape Pattern in the Co-Urbanized Area

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Huawei Li ◽  
Hua Xia ◽  
Guohang Tian ◽  
Yuxing Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Patch Density

The development of urbanization is still expanding on the earth, and the rapid expansion of cities has changed the regional landscape pattern and significantly affected the value of regional ecosystem services in developing countries such as China. Zhongmu County, as the core area of Zhengzhou-Kaifeng integration, studying the temporal and spatial transformations of its landscape pattern and ecosystem service value (ESV) is of great significance to the region’s sustainable development. Based on remote sensing images and socioeconomic data, this study aims to explore the landscape pattern of Zhongmu County from 2005 to 2018 and its impact on ESV. Research methods include an ESV equivalent factor method, landscape pattern index, spatial autocorrelation, and other methods. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the patch density and shape complexity, landscape diversity, and fragmentation of the overall landscape in the study area continued to increase while landscape connectivity decreased. (2) The total amount of ESV increased by 10.05 million USD; ESV had certain differences in spatial distribution: high-value clusters were mainly located at the boundary of the Yellow River in the north, while low-value clusters had a significant eastward expansion trend. (3) ESV increased significantly in areas where cultivated land was transferred to waters and forests, and ESV in areas where waters transferred to construction land and cultivated land was significantly reduced. (4) ESV had a significant positive spatial correlation with patch density, edge density, mean patch fractal dimension, mean patch size, and the landscape shape index, and a spatially negative correlation with the contagion index and cohesion index. The spatial and temporal changes in landscape patterns and ESV were all mainly driven by the regional development “Zhengzhou-Kaifeng integration” policy. Therefore, the ESV can be improved, and the ecological security of the urban integration area can be guaranteed through policy measures such as optimizing the layout of construction land and adjusting the uniform distribution of green areas by the land-use policy.

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