scholarly journals Mobility Styles and Car Ownership—Potentials for a Sustainable Urban Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2968
Author(s):  
Miriam Magdolen ◽  
Sascha von Behren ◽  
Lukas Burger ◽  
Bastian Chlond
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Individual Mobility ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Attitudinal Characteristics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Definition Of

Decision-makers in cities worldwide have the responsibility to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in urban transport. Therefore, effective measures and policies that allow for a change in people’s mobility towards sustainable mobility must be derived. To understand how different people respond to measures and policies, and to increase the effectiveness of such policies, individual mobility needs and mobility determinants have to be considered. For this, the definition of individual mobility styles as holistic descriptions considering travel behavior, attitudes, as well as life stages is useful. This study presents a segmentation approach that identifies eight urban mobility styles by using data from a multidimensional survey conducted in Berlin and San Francisco. We applied a cluster analysis with both behavioral and attitudinal characteristics as segmentation criteria. By analyzing the characteristics, we identified a mobility style—the Environmentally Oriented Multimodals—that is environmentally oriented, but not yet all people in this cluster are sustainable in their mobility. Thus, they are the group with the highest potential to accept and use sustainable mobility. Additionally, we found that within the Environmentally Oriented Multimodals, the change from one life stage to another is also likely to be accompanied by a car acquisition.

scholarly journals Innovative Approach to Sustainable Mobility and Transport Through Big Data From ICT – Pilot Study in Cracow, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Lidia Zakowska ◽  
Zofia Bryniarska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Mobility

New challenges of urban transport are connected to sustainability, the growing urban population globally, life quality and quality of urban environment, reduction of pollution and energy consumption. Sustainable urban mobility is no more dependent only on passenger transport efficiency, but also on transport accessibility of commuting services, acceptable level of comfort, safety and security of urban public transport and many more. Although a huge amount of data are available from modern communication services, the question of how to use those big data efficiently to improve urban mobility is unknown. Positive changes of mobility attitudes and travel behavior of citizens are going slowly, which means that personal motivation do not follow big data availability. This motivation is dependent on quality of public transport offer and services, among which information services are suspected to play a crucial role. Modern ICT methods of transport information delivery are based on Internet and social media, which through commonly used mobile devices are available at every stage of journey. In this article authors try, based on the pilot survey, to check how young Krakow citizens use social media in every day travels and commuting. The overall goal of the author’s study is to answer the question: how to use big data coming from ICT in order to upgrade urban transport sustainability.

Embracing School Counselors’ Situatedness: Data-Based Decision Making as Fulfillment of a Complex Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1_part_3) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2110119
Author(s):  
Brett Zyromski ◽  
Catherine Griffith ◽  
Jihyeon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Counselor Identity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Students Success ◽  
Data Based Decision Making

Since at least the 1930s, school counselors have used data to inform school counseling programming. However, the evolving complexity of school counselors’ identity calls for an updated understanding of the use of data. We offer an expanded definition of data-based decision making that reflects the purpose of using data in educational settings and an appreciation of the complexity of the school counselor identity. We discuss implications for applying the data-based decision-making process using a multifaceted school counselor identity lens to support students’ success.

Accessibility and Intraurban Travel

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hanson ◽  
M Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
Trip Frequency ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Automobile Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Travel Distances

This paper contains an examination of the fundamental assumption underlying the use of accessibility indicators: that an individual's travel behavior is related to his or her location vis-à-vis the distribution of potential activity sites. First, the conceptual and measurement issues surrounding accessibility and its relationship to travel are reviewed; then, an access measure for individuals is formulated. Using data from the Uppsala (Sweden) Household Travel Survey and controlling for sex, automobile availability, and employment status, the authors explore the relationship between both home- and work-based accessibility and five aspects of an individual's travel: mode use, trip frequencies and travel distances for discretionary purposes, trip complexity, travel in conjunction with the journey to work, and size of the activity space. From the results it can be seen that although all of these travel characteristics are related to accessibility to some degree, the travel–accessibility relationship is not as strong as deductive formulations have implied. High accessibility levels are associated with higher proportions of travel by nonmotorized means, lower levels of automobile use, reduced travel distances for certain discretionary trip purposes, and smaller individual activity spaces. Furthermore, the density of activity sites around the workplace affects the distances travelled by employed people for discretionary purposes. Overall, accessibility level has a greater impact on mode use and travel distance than it does on discretionary trip frequency. This result was unexpected in light of the strong trip frequency–accessibility relationship posited frequently in the literature.

Velosatiksmes pārvaldība Valmieras pašvaldībā: sistēmpieejas izpratnes un pārvaldības attīstība

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-221
Author(s):  
Roberts Pūgulis ◽  
◽  
Līga Bieziņa ◽  
Raimonds Ernšteins ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Systemic Governance

Cycling and general sustainable mobility has become a topical issue around Europe, and gradually also in Latvia, including Valmiera – a medium size town, which is a research-base for this study where the governance and development of the municipal cycling infrastructure is analysed. The rapid growth of cycling in Valmiera not only highlights some deficiencies in urban infrastructure developments, but also reveals the management problems: the expectations and needs of users of different means of transportation and also pedestrians are not met. Looking towards solving various cycling development issues, it is necessary, first of all, to develop an understanding of system’s approach and the systemic governance of the cycling infrastructure. The urban transport/mobility system must be developed as a whole, integrating cycling mobility in it as an independently and continuously developing component, promoting a process of cooperation between all parties involved. Thus, to facilitate the cycling mobility of inhabitants in Valmiera, the involvement/participation of all the interested parties shall be pro-actively communicated – informed, educated/trained, pro-cycling behaviour encouraged. During this integrative case study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied complementary: analysis of documents, infrastructure observations in the town with photo documentation, survey of inhabitants, also in-depth semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Additionally, a participatory observation was conducted through participation in cycling activities, forums, working groups, etc., elaborating suggestions for the municipal planning document - Transport Infrastructure Development Concept of Valmiera.

Individuation-Attachment and Suicide Trajectory: A Developmental Guide FOR the Clinician

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalman J. Kaplan ◽  
Shirley A. Worth
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
External World ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
Axis View

This article applies a two-axis model of human development to the problem of suicide trajectory. The two-axis approach represents a fundamental shift in the way Eriksonian stages are viewed. Typical interpretations of Erikson suggest healthy development is achieved by resolving each stage crisis horizontally in favor of the syntonic as opposed to the dystonic ego quality. A two-axis view proposes that an organism begins each stage at the negative or dystonic position in reaction to the stage-initiating life event and must move ahead vertically to achieve the positive syntonic quality and the attaining of a stage-specific syntonic equilibrium. We are suggesting that successful development involves not the avoidance of the negative or dystonic ego qualities at each stage but the very plunging into each of them as the natural sequela of the preceding life event. Successful development involves working through a stage vertically to attain the respective stage-specific positive or syntonic ego position, followed by forward regression to the next advanced stage. The logic of this developmental axis is simply that the loosening of one's defenses (i.e., greater permeability of walls) should occur in conjunction with the strengthening of one's ego (i.e., greater definition of boundaries). Incongruent resolution of the individuation-attachment dilemma results in “enmeshment” (attachment to the external world without individuation), or in “disengagement” (remaining detached even after becoming sufficiently individuated). Extreme distress can result from the attempt to simultaneously apply enmeshed and disengaged styles to cope with the overwhelming challenges of the new life stage, creating a potentially suicidal level of stress.

scholarly journals Commuter Response to Traffic Information on an Incident

1998 ◽  
Vol 1621 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Koo ◽  
Youngbin Yim
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Telephone System ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

How traffic information is obtained and how it affects travel behavior when a major freeway is congested are presented and discussed. Immediately following a major highway incident south of San Francisco that caused congestion, a telephone survey was conducted of commuters who use the affected corridor of the highway. The behavior of commuters before and during their commute at the time of the incident was determined, including obtaining traffic information and how the information influenced changes in route, mode of travel, and departure time. The results of the survey suggest that traveler behavior is largely unaffected by individual incidents of congestion. Furthermore, although a fair proportion of commuters do obtain traffic information, they do not often modify their travel behavior in response. This study is one of several that collectively will provide insight into how travel behavior changes over time and allow the authors to assess the impact of TravInfo Traveler Advisory Telephone System in the San Francisco Bay Area.

scholarly journals Development of a biking index for measuring Mediterranean cities mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
L. Ros-McDonnell ◽  
M.V. De-la-Fuente ◽  
D. Ros-McDonnell ◽  
M. Cardós
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Mobility Index ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Motorized Vehicles

<p>The European Union, its member states and local authorities have been working for long time on the design of solutions for future sustainable mobility. The promotion of a sustainable and affordable urban transport contemplates the bicycle as a mean of transport. The reasons for analysing the cycling mobility in urban areas, has its origin in the confrontation with motorized vehicles, as a sustainable response to the environment. In this context of sustainable mobility, the research team has studied the use of bicycles in Mediterranean cities, specifically in coastal tourist areas.  The present work shows the development of a mobility index oriented to the bicycle, transport that competes with the private vehicle. By means of a survey methodology, the research group proceeded to collect field data and the subsequent analysis of them, for the development of a mobility index adapted to bicycle mobility, and with possibilities to adapt to urban environments.</p>

scholarly journals From Macro to Microscopic Trip Generation: Representing Heterogeneous Travel Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Moeckel ◽  
Leta Huntsinger ◽  
Rick Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Computer Processing ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Trip Generation ◽  
Household Type ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Generation Mode ◽  
Definition Of

Background: In four-step travel demand models, average trip generation rates are traditionally applied to static household type definitions. In reality, however, trip generation is more heterogeneous with some households making no trips and other households making more than a dozen trips, even if they are of the same household type. Objective: This paper aims at improving trip-generation methods without jumping all the way to an activity-based model, which is a very costly form of modeling travel demand both in terms of development and computer processing time. Method: Two fundamental improvements in trip generation are presented in this paper. First, the definition of household types, which traditionally is based on professional judgment rather than science, is revised to optimally reflect trip generation differences between the household types. For this purpose, over 67 million definitions of household types were analyzed econometrically in a Big-Data exercise. Secondly, a microscopic trip generation module was developed that specifies trip generation individually for every household. Results: This new module allows representing the heterogeneity in trip generation found in reality, with the ability to maintain all household attributes for subsequent models. Even though the following steps in a trip-based model used in this research remained unchanged, the model was improved by using microscopic trip generation. Mode-specific constants were reduced by 9%, and the Root Mean Square Error of the assignment validation improved by 7%.

scholarly journals Smartphone use motivation and problematic smartphone use in a national representative sample of Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of smartphone use time for various activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Meng ◽  
Hongjian Cao ◽  
Ruining Hao ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Yue Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Representative Sample

Abstract Background and aims Previous studies on smartphone use motivation (SUM) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) have been limited in the utilization of regional samples of emerging adults (e.g., college students) and also in the foci on the direct association between SUM and PSU. To address such gaps, using data from a large, national representative sample of Chinese young adolescents and their parents this study examined the associations between adolescents' various types of SUM and their PSU, and also tested the potential mediating roles of smartphone use time (SUT) that adolescents spent on various activities in such associations. Methods A nationwide representative sample of 8,261 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.86 years old, SD = 1.76; 42.6% females) and their parents (49% mothers) participated in this survey study. Results Instrumental SUM (i.e., to expand knowledge or acquire information) was associated negatively with PSU via longer SUT spent on learning and shorter SUT spent on entertainment and communication. Self-expression SUM (i.e., to gain acceptance and recognition of others by maintaining or improving self-images) was associated with longer SUT spent on both learning and entertainment, which, in turn, predicted lower and higher levels of PSU, respectively. Last, hedonic SUM (i.e., to gain pleasure) was associated positively with PSU via longer SUT spent on entertainment and communication. Discussion These findings contribute to the literature by adding greater specificity in our understanding of the implications of SUM and SUT in the etiology of PSU during the critical life stage of adolescence in a Chinese cultural context.

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