scholarly journals Challenges for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Latin America: The Significance of Institutions and Human Capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
Laura Zapata-Cantu ◽  
Fernando González
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Innovation

Sustainable development is considered as one of the vital challenges of the 21st century for humanity. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economic and social life, forcing governments and businesses to reconsider their priorities. There are rare empirical studies on the national innovation system and its relationship to sustainability development for emerging countries. This paper aims at shedding light on how mission-oriented policies have marked sustainable regional development and innovation in Latin America. The present study presents the capabilities that could support the improvement of the national innovation system and, as a consequence, sustainability development. To understand how Latin American countries act on innovation and sustainable development initiatives, two global rankings in these areas, The Global Innovation Index 2020 and The Sustainable Development Report 2020, were analyzed. The results indicate some obstacles must be overcome such as the high levels of social inequality and poverty that still constitute significant challenges for this region. Today’s biggest challenges are facing a pandemic situation and guaranteeing economic development that allows the underprivileged to escape poverty without dooming future generations to an even more degraded environment than the current one. Innovation continues to play a critical role in the transition toward a more sustainable world.

scholarly journals Land Tenure in Latin America: from Land Reforms to Counter‑Movement to Neoliberalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1793-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo von Bennewitz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Difference

Latin America, with a Gini coefficient for land of 0.79, is the world’s most unequal region in terms of land distribution. Land inequality is one of the greatest impediments to Latin American societies for achieving sustainable development and economic growth. Many studies have demonstrated how an unequal land concentration affects the quality of democracy and social cohesion and inhibits economic growth. Land is the main and in many cases the only asset for millions of rural households in the region and Land tenure can mean the difference between subsistence and extreme poverty. The present work reviews the agrarian reform processes that were experienced in part of Latin America and examines the impacts of the subsequent neoliberal reforms on land tenure, land and capital concentration. Finally it focuses on the need of a new distribution of land in order to achieve higher levels of Socio‑Economic equality an also meet the Sustainable Development Goals in the region.

scholarly journals Promoting Online Transparency to Help Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals: An Empirical Study of Local Governments in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Tamara Guerrero-Gómez ◽  
Andrés Navarro-Galera ◽  
David Ortiz-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Systemic Variables ◽  
Latin American Countries

Although transparency on the sustainability of public services is an issue of urgent interest to both governments and academics, previous research in this area has mainly focused on developed European countries, and has paid insufficient attention to areas that are still developing, such as many Latin American countries. The aim of this study is to identify factors that promote transparency on sustainability by local governments in Latin America, in the view that greater transparency will help them meet the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Therefore, using content analysis and following the GRI guidelines, we analyze the economic, social and environmental information published on the websites of 200 large local governments in 18 Latin American countries. In addition, using linear regression and calculating the corresponding Spearman coefficients, we analyze the influence of idiosyncratic and systemic variables on the volume of information disclosed. Our findings show that certain factors—population size, education level, unemployment, the quality of legislation and political corruption—affect transparency on sustainability. The conclusions drawn from this analysis enable us to identify useful measures for enhancing transparency on sustainability, including the reform of transparency laws and the analysis and disclosure of citizens’ information demands.

scholarly journals Alignment and contribution of nursing doctoral programs to achieve the sustainable development goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes ◽  
Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura ◽  
Ítalo Rodolfo Silva ◽  
Elucir Gir ◽  
Emerson Willian Santos de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
International Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract Background Different social segments from several regions of the world face challenges in order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Nursing represents the greatest number of health workforce in the globe, dealing with these challenges in different paths, among them the training of human resources. In this context, the goal of this study was to compare the relationship between the objectives and research areas underlying nursing doctoral programs in Latin America and the SDGs. Method Documental research comparing data of all Latin American nursing doctoral programs and the SDGs, conducted between January and March 2020. Results From the total of 56 existing programs in Latin America, this study analyzed 52 of them, representing 92.8% of the total. Most nursing doctoral programs have contributed to SDG 3, in addition to goals 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 16. The SDGs 11, 13, 14, 15 and 17 were not related to any of the analyzed programs. Data reveal that the training of nursing PhDs is essential to fulfilling these goals. Results also indicate a need of programs to remain committed to relationships that enhance nursing skills to cope with the current challenges in terms of global health, such as investments for the reduction of social and gender inequities. Conclusion The doctoral training of nurses in Latin America needs to be better aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), since there is a high concentration in SDG 3. We believe that nursing will bring a greater contribution to the movement to protect planetary health as the principles governing nursing practices are better aligned with international health demands and agendas.

Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Effectiveness ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Caribbean

The Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) is an annual report produced by the IDB Group to share the results and impact of its work in Latin America and the Caribbean. It showcases the IDB Group's contributions towards the development of its 26 borrowing member countries in the region and the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as progress against key institutional metrics in its Corporate Results Framework.

scholarly journals Small business and its place in promoting sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Elena Korneeva ◽  
Natalia Skornichenko ◽  
Tatiana Oruch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Sustainable development is becoming a very important issue in the 21st century. Facing global changes such as the global warming, global climate change, as well as other pressing issue, all spheres of economy and social life need to take part in mitigating them and preventing disasters from happening. Our article studies the role of the small business in the above processes and the place of the small business in promoting sustainable development through its actions, public and social awareness and responsibility. We show how even small and medium enterprises can become a decisive power in tackling the climate change and promoting green thinking and sustainable awareness. This can be achieved through enhancing social responsibility of business companies which can greatly contribute to supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and promoting sustainable economic growth.

scholarly journals Russia - Latin America Economic Cooperation: Insights from EU - CELAC Sustainable Development Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-802
Author(s):  
Alla Yu. Borzova ◽  
Arkadiy A. Eremin ◽  
Natalia V. Ivkina ◽  
Oleg K. Petrovich-Belkin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
Development Paradigm

The article considers cooperation patterns between the European Union (EU) and CELAC (Community of Latin America and the Caribbean) in the context of creatively applying this experience to a broader topic of Russia - Latin America multilevel cooperation. The concept of sustainable development, which implies interaction in accordance with its three main dimensions: environmental, social and economic, is adopted on the global level. The interaction between EU and CELAC contributes to the progress in achieving the goals of sustainable development, where a lot of attention is paid to the green economy, alternative energy, and social aspects, since the environmental aspects constraints are providing the most significant impetus to structural changes in the existing development paradigm. This in return is expected to create a model that ensures economic growth based on a green economy, alternative energy, with greater equality and social inclusiveness. At supranational level in the European Union an effective and systemic policy has been formed in the field of nature conservation and combating climate change, which without a doubt can be considered one of the most progressive ones in the world, which creates potential for sharing these experiences with less developed and fortunate nations. European programs for Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have become an important factor in the development of interregional cooperation in environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, and countering natural disasters. The article also focuses on the most recent changes that have occurred in the sphere of interaction between CELAC and EU in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Massive structural and conceptual changes that have seriously reshaped the priorities and funding of joint programmers between two organizations reflects new priorities for sustainable development in general when it comes to new world realities in post-pandemic world, and could be useful for Russian model for the relations with this region.

scholarly journals The performance of corporate bond issuers in times of financial crisis: empirical evidence from Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Berninger ◽  
Bruno Fiesenig ◽  
Dirk Schiereck
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Corporate Bond ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Corporate Debt ◽  
Market Reactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

PurposeThe fundamental theory of Modigliani and Miller (1958) states that a firm's financing decisions are independent from the firm's value. Nevertheless, several empirical studies as well as theoretical approaches from the past decade impugn this relation for real markets with their immanent inefficiencies. However, these questions are rather than academic in nature: Especially the influence of macroeconomic conditions on the market perception of debt issues is from high economic importance, since the need for new liquidity usually becomes even more urgent when the economic conditions worsen.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes the reaction of shareholders to the issue of debt by Latin American firms under special consideration of the macroeconomic sentiment. To do so, a sample of debt issued by Latin American companies between 2003 and 2010 is empirically examined through an event study.FindingsThe authors empirically demonstrate that specifically in Latin America, debt issuing companies show a significant underperformance during recessionary periods and an overperformance during nonrecessionary periods. These findings differ from previous results for mature capital markets. The authors conclude that not only the overall economic conditions matter to explain stock market reactions on bond issues but also the maturity of the corporate debt market plays an important role.Originality/valueThe authors provide first evidence that the previously described changes in the returns on specific stocks depending on the economic sentiment (Baker and Wurgler, 2006) are under certain conditions also present in the market for corporate debt.

scholarly journals Latin America: Reduced S&T Investment Puts Sustainable Development at Risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Turmoil

Latin America is home to more than 600 million people and has considerable natural and human resources. However, investment in science and technology (S&T) lags far behind that in developed countries. This gap represents a barrier to the development of economies based on knowledge and hampers the region's ability to tackle environmental and social problems. This lack of investment is evident in the extreme case of Venezuela, where much of the science workforce has fled economic chaos, but also in every Latin American country, including science powers such as Brazil and Argentina, where federal budgets in science, technology and education have been drastically reduced in recent years. Investments in S&T foster cooperation, commerce and good will and enhance resilience in the face of environmental and social turmoil. Therefore, scientists must start to actively engage governments and encourage long-term spending in S&T to support the development of Latin American societies.

Development of National Broadband Plans in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Garcia-Zaballos ◽  
Paul Garnett ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Hector Urrea Ayala ◽  
Pau Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
General Lack ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Evaluation Programs ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

All governments in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region should have a national broadband plan (NBP) as a key pillar for any digital agenda. Most countries have adopted them; however, most plans are outdated and, in general, lack clear, ambitious, and achievable policy-related commitments and quantifiable targets. Many also lack effective monitoring and evaluation programs. This publication details the benefits of and proposes a framework for NBPs in the region. As the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development has pointed out, a well-formed national broadband plan is a countrys blueprint for addressing and reducing digital inequality. In addition, in its latest Affordability Report, the Alliance for Affordable Internet details the linkage between high-quality national broadband plans and progress toward affordability.

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