Distribution of fractions of zinc and their contribution towards availability and plant uptake of zinc under long-term maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping on an Inceptisol

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Kumar Behera ◽  
Dhyan Singh ◽  
B. S. Dwivedi ◽  
Sarjeet Singh ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Manganese Carbonate ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Zn Uptake

Intensive farming with high yielding cultivars, application of high analysis NPK fertilisers, and reduced use of organic manures caused a decrease in the availability of zinc (Zn) in Indian soils. We collected soil and plant samples from an ongoing long-term experiment at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the distribution of different fractions of Zn in an Inceptisol and their contribution towards the Zn availability in soil and Zn uptake in maize–wheat crop rotation. The treatments used for the study were NPK, NPK + FYM, NPK + Zn, and control (no fertiliser or manure). The DTPA-Zn concentration in soil was higher where Zn had been applied and declined with an increase in soil depth. The distribution of different fractions of Zn under various treatments and depths was inconsistent, and varied in a cropping year. The average concentration of total Zn (mg/kg) was 183, 183, 171, and 211 in 0–0.15, 0.15–0.30, 0.30–0.45, and 0.45–0.60 m depth, respectively. Residual Zn was the dominant portion of total Zn at all soil depths. Grain and stover yield of maize ranged from 1.10 to 2.43 t/ha and 1.22 to 2.46 t/ha, respectively, under different treatments, whereas, the yield of wheat grain varied from 2.25 to 4.69 t/ha and that of wheat straw from 2.56 to 5.20 t/ha. Highest uptake of Zn by both the crops occurred in Zn-treated plots. Zinc associated with easily reducible manganese, carbonate and iron and aluminum oxides contributed directly towards DTPA-extractable Zn. Sorbed Zn (SORB-Zn) and Zn associated with organic matter (OM-Zn) contributed significantly towards Zn uptake by the 2 crops.

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainability in Food Systems: Addressing Changing Climate through Real Time Nitrogen and Weed Management in a Conservation Agriculture-Based Maize–Wheat System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5010
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
Vinod K. Singh ◽  
Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽  
Rishi Raj ◽  
T. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Management

The proven significance of conservation agriculture (CA) in enhancing agronomic productivity and resource use efficiency across diverse agro-ecologies is often challenged by weed interference and nitrogen (N) immobilization. The collective effect of real-time N and weed management has been scarcely studied. To evaluate the appropriateness of sensor-based N management in conjunction with a broad-spectrum weed control strategy for the maize–wheat system, an experiment was conducted at ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute—in New Delhi, India, during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Weed management in maize through Sesbania brown manure followed by post-emergence application of 2,4-D (BM + 2,4-D) in maize and tank-mix clodinafop-propargyl (60 g ha−1) and carfentrazone (20 g ha−1) (Clodi+carfentra) in wheat resulted in minimum weed infestation in both crops. It also resulted in highest maize (5.92 and 6.08 t ha−1) and wheat grain yields (4.91 and 5.4 t ha−1) during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, respectively. Half of the N requirement, when applied as basal and the rest as guided by Optical crop sensor, resulted in saving 56 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the maize–wheat system, respectively, over 100% N application as farmers’ fertilizer practice during the two consecutive years. Interactive effect of N and weed management on economic yield of maize and wheat was also significant and maximum yield was obtained with 50% N application as basal + rest as per Optical crop sensor and weed management through BM+2,4-D in maize and Clodi+carfentra in wheat crop. The study concludes that real-time N management, complemented with appropriate weed management, improved growth, enhanced agronomic productivity and endorsed N saving under a CA-based maize–wheat system in Trans Indo-Gangetic Plains.

scholarly journals Effects of Mono-Ammonium Phosphate and K-Humate Applications on Grain Yield and Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency of Bread Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Yossif ◽  
Sait Gezgin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Basic Reaction ◽  
Dry Conditions

Study was aimed to determine the effect of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4) and K-Humate application on grain yield and grain phosphorus uptake efficiency which applied on Central Anatolian calcareous and basic reaction soil. The research was conducted at Bahri Dağdaş Agricultural Research Institute field in dry conditions during 2018 - 19 to determine the effect of phosphorus doses @ 0, 17.5 and 35.0 kg ha-1 and K-Humate @ 0 and 12 kg ha-1 on Bayraktar 2000 variety of bread wheat crop grain yield, agronomic (AE), physiological (PE) and apparent recovery (AR) phosphorus uptake efficiency. Results of the research revealed that increased phosphorus rate, enhances grain yield and amount of grain phosphorus uptake increase, while the grain AE, PE and AR were decreasing significantly. Additionally, with the K-Humate application with respect to control, the grain yield was positively affected in P0 and P17.5, while the grain phosphorus uptake amount was increased by 13%, in the P35 application the grain yield and the grain phosphorus uptake amount decreased by 9% and 5% respectively. In another direction, with the K-Humate application depending on control, in P17.5 application grain AE and AR were increased by 13% and 12% respectively, while grain PE decreased by 54%. Besides, with the K-Humate application according to control and in the P35 application grain AE, PE and AR were decreased by 66%, 51% and 40% respectively.

scholarly journals Assessing Wheat Response to N Fertilization in a Wheat–Maize–Soybean Long-Term Rotation through NUE Measurements

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Roxana Vidican ◽  
Anamaria Mălinaș ◽  
Ioan Rotar ◽  
Rozalia Kadar ◽  
Valeria Deac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen fertilization is indispensable in increasing wheat crop productivity but, in order to achieve maximum profitable production and minimum negative environmental impact, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in a long-term wheat–maize–soybean rotation system with the final purpose of increasing the overall performance of the wheat cropping system. Research was undertaken at the Agricultural Research Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda), located in Western Transylvania Plain, Romania. The experimental field was carried out at a fixed place during seven wheat vegetation seasons. The plant material consisted of a wheat variety created by the ARDS Turda (Andrada), one variety of maize (Turda 332) and one variety of soybean (Felix). The experiment covered two planting patterns: wheat after maize and wheat after soybean and five levels of nitrogen fertilization (control-unfertilized, fertilization with 0—control plot, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1 y−1). The following indices were assessed: NUE (nitrogen use efficiency), N uptake and PFP (partial factor productivity). The results of the present study suggest that reduced N-fertilization doses could improve N uptake and utilization for both planting patterns.

scholarly journals Long-Term Zinc Fertilization in Calcareous Soils Improves Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Productivity and Soil Zinc Status in the Rice–Wheat Cropping System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Pepakayala Vara Lakshmi ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Biswajit Pramanick ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Ranjan Laik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zinc Fertilization ◽  
Organic Zn

Rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS) is considered as the furthermost vital system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South-Asia, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Recently, the deficiency of micronutrients like zinc (Zn) has emerged as one of the prime limitations for the sustainability issues of this RWCS in Zn deficient calcareous soils, particularly in India, as a result of the calcareous typic ustifluvents taxonomic nature of the soils. Therefore, a new Zn fertilization approach for soils is very much needed in the intensive RWCS. Thus, a six-year-long investigation was designed with three different modes of Zn application, viz., the application of Zn only in the first year of study, application in alternative years, and application in every year. Four different rates of Zn applications in a hectare of area for a single year, viz., 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 kg ha−1 year−1, and times of Zn application, viz., only at first year, alternative years, and in each year. The major aims of the study were to determine Zn concentration in soil; yield; and Zn accumulation by wheat crop under different application methods of Zn. From this study, it was found that a large portion of the applied Zn was present in the residual fraction, and it was also revealed that increasing the frequency of Zn application resulted in the increment in the crystalline fraction. Significant correlation of water-soluble and exchangeable Zn (WS+EX-Zn), complexed Zn (COM-Zn), amorphous Zn (AMO-Zn), organic Zn (ORG-Zn), total Zn (TOT-Zn), grain yield, and grain Zn uptake by wheat indicated that these Zn fractions were dominant forms in the soil to be utilized by plants under rice–wheat rotation. Concerning yield and Zn uptake by wheat, it was noted that the Zn application at 10 kg ha−1 in alternate years was the best Zn application method, while application of Zn at 7.5 kg ha−1 in each year also resulted in comparable yield.

Influence of biofertilizers and organic amendments on nitrogenase activity and phototrophic biomass of soil under wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prasanna ◽  
P. Jaiswal ◽  
Y. Singh ◽  
P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Scanty Information

The role of blue green algal (BGA) biofertilizers has been limited to its relevance and utilization in rice crops, and scanty information is available on their use in conjunction with organic amendments and their influence on wheat (Triticum aestivum) . An experiment was conducted from November 2003 to April 2004 in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India to evaluate the effect of vermicompost, farmyard manure and biofertilizers (BGA and Azotobacter ) in different combinations with chemical fertilizers (N 40 P 30 K 30 ) in wheat (var. HD 2687). Selected soil biological parameters (cyanobacterial diversity/abundance, nitrogenase activity and the phototrophic biomass of soil cores) were measured. The application of vermicompost in combination with BGA biofertilizer (B+V+N 40 P 30 K 30 ) brought about a significant increase in nitrogenase activity (from 0.1 in N 80 P 30 K 30 to 2.0 nmoles mg chl −1 h −1 ), while Azotobacter + BGA (+N 40 P 30 K 30 ) treatment gave the highest values of chlorophyll (1.19 μg g −1 soil). The addition of vermicompost and farmyard manure (+N 40 P 30 K 30 ) enhanced cyanobacterial abundance, and cyanobacterial genera such as Nostoc, Anabaena, Calothrix, Oscillatoria and Phormidium were the dominant forms observed under the wheat crop. The synergistic effect of organic amendments, biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers, especially BGA inoculants, advocates their utilization in wheat crops to improve soil fertility.

scholarly journals Macronutrients in Soil and Wheat as Affected by a Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat–Fallow Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Shiwakoti ◽  
Valtcho Zheljazkov ◽  
Hero Gollany ◽  
Markus Kleber ◽  
Baoshan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Rates

The insights gained from the long-term impacts of tillage and N fertilization on soil fertility are crucial for the development of sustainable cropping systems. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 75 years of tillage and N fertilization on macronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissues grown in a winter wheat–summer fallow rotation. The experiment included three types of tillage (disc, DP; sweep, SW; and moldboard, MP) and five N application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha−1). Soil and tissue samples were analyzed for the concentration of total N, S, and C, Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg, Ca in the soil, and the total concentration of the same nutrients in wheat tissue. Soil N concentration was significantly greater under DP (1.10 g kg−1) than under MP (1.03 g kg−1). The P concentration in upper 20 cm soil depth increased with increased N rates. Comparison of experiment plots to a nearby undisturbed pasture revealed a decline of P (32%), SOC (34%), Mg (77%), and Ca (86%) in the top 10 cm soil depth. The results suggest that DP with high N rates could reduce the macronutrient decline in soil and plant over time.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management Under Long-Term Experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
C. Ailincăi ◽  
G. Jităreanu ◽  
Despina Ailincăi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The investigations conducted at the Podu-Iloaiei Agricultural Research Station, Iaşi County, Romania, have studied the influence of different mineral fertilizers rates on wheat and maize yield and soil agrochemical characteristics. In bean-wheatmaize- sunflower-wheat crop rotation, the mean yield increases, obtained for each kg of a.i. of applied fertilizer, were comprised between 8.3 and 10.1 kg in wheat (N120P80- N160P80) and between 10.8 and 11.0 kg in maize (N150P80-N200P100). Generally, nitrogen use efficiency is low and, to achieve maximum yields, need for high doses of nitrogen which can increase the risk of environmental pollution. The N agronomic efficiencies and physiological efficiencies in wheat and maize declined with the increase of nitrogen rate. Wheat placed in rotation for five years, after sunflower at recommended dose (N160P80), physiological efficiency of nitrogen utilization was 43.4 kg grain per kilogram of nitrogen exported from soil, from fertilizer applied. Mean annual amounts of nutrients exported from soil by wheat in dry (14 yr.) and favourable (11 yr.) years in five year crop rotation have varied according to rates, between 34.5 and 100.7 kg at nitrogen and between 6.5 and 18.4 kg at phosphorus. The long-term use of bean - wheat - maize - sunflower - wheat rotation determined the diminution by 43.4% (2,772 t/ha) in the mean annual losses of eroded soil and by 38.5% (5.61 kg/ha) in nitrogen leakages by erosion, compared with maize continuous cropping.

Cropping sequence affects wheat productivity on the semiarid northern Great Plains

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Miller ◽  
J. Waddington ◽  
C. L. McDonald ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Wheat Stubble

Extension of the commonly used spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation to include broadleaf crops requires information on their effects on a following wheat crop. We grew a spring wheat test crop on the stubbles of wheat and seven broadleaf crops: desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). This study was conducted near Swift Current, SK, from 1993 to 1997, and Congress, SK, from 1995 to 1997. After harvest, soil water differed among crop stubbles and by sampling depth. To the 60-cm depth, only soil under dry bean stubble held more water (8 mm), while soil under lentil, desi chickpea, sunflower and safflower stubbles held less water (6, 8, 9 and 17 mm, respectively) than wheat stubble (P < 0.05). From 60 to 120 cm, soil under dry pea and dry bean held more water (7 and 10 mm, respectively), and under sunflower and safflower stubbles less (7 and 14 mm, respectively), than under wheat stubble (P < 0.05). Lentil, dry bean and dry pea stubbles averaged 5, 6 and 9 kg ha-1 greater soil N in the 0- to 120-cm soil depth than wheat stubble (P < 0.05). The average yield of wheat grown on the four pulse crop stubbles was 21% greater than yields on wheat stubble, but did not differ from the oilseed stubbles (P < 0.01). Compared to wheat stubble, wheat grown on broadleaf crop stubbles had higher grain protein concentrations, increasing by 8 and 5%, for pulses and oilseeds, respectively (P < 0.01). Nitrogen removal in the wheat test crop grain yield averaged 15 kg ha-1 for pulse stubbles compared with wheat stubble. Soil N contribution by pulse stubbles was an important factor contributing to wheat growth under a dryland cropping system on the northern Great Plains. Key words: Crop sequence, spring wheat, pulse crops, N cycling, water use

The influence of tillage, stubble management and crop rotation on the persistence of great brome (Bromus diandrus Roth)

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan ◽  
AC Taylor ◽  
AR Leys
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Low Level ◽  
System A ◽  
Research Institute

Infestations of great brome, Bromus diandrus Roth, in a long-term tillage, stubble management and crop rotation trial were studied over 3 years at the Agricultural Research Institute, Wagga Wagga. Herbicides were effective in removing great brome from lupin but this did not prevent carryover to the following wheat crop. Over all years, in the wheat-lupin rotations, burning of stubble significantly reduced great brome infestation in the wheat phase by approximately 39%, while 3 cultivations prior to sowing reduced infestation by approximately 43%. The greatest infestation occurred where direct drilled wheat followed wheat with stubble retained. In a continuous wheat system, a combination of burning and 3 cultivations maintained great brome populations at a low level.

Influence of residual silicon and phosphorus on growth, productivity, lodging and grain quality of succeeding wheat under rice-wheat cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1676-1684
Author(s):  
D. Jinger ◽  
◽  
S. Dhar ◽  
A. Dass ◽  
V.K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Attributes

Aim: To assess the residual effect of silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P2O5) application on the growth, productivity, lodging resistance and grain quality of wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with four levels each of silicon (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg Si ha-1) and phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) replicated three times at research farm of the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the residual effect of Si and P2O5 on wheat. Growth, yield, yield attributes, lodging and grain quality parameters were analyzed using standard procedures. Both the nutrients were applied in aerobic rice crop and their residual effect was studied in wheat crop. Results: Application of Si and P2O5 in preceding rice crop significantly improved the growth, yield, grain quality of succeeding wheat crop. Grain yield of wheat was increased by 21% due to application of Si and P2O5. Significant improvement was observed when P2O5 and Si were applied at 60 and 80 kg ha-1, respectively. Lodging was reduced by 100% with P2O5 and Si application at 90 and 120 kg ha-1, respectively. Interpretation: Application of Si and P2O5 has potential to enhance productivity by improving growth, yield attributes and reduction in abiotic stress like lodging. Fertilization with P2O5 and Si can reduce lodging and improve wheat grain quality through enhanced sturdiness and protein content.

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