Factors Affecting Drivers to Participate in a Carpooling to Public Transport Service

Several studies have focused on understanding travelers’ attitudes and characteristics toward using carpooling services. However, few of these studies have focused the driver’s behavior and carpooling services that are organized to feed public transport. This research investigates the willingness of drivers to accept a carpooling ride, as part of their trip, to/from public transport stations (i.e., rail, tram and metro). Data from the EU project Ride2Rail are used, for which a survey (n = 327) was conducted in EU27 and the UK. Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests are used to explore the relationships between drivers/non-drivers and explanatory variables. A binary logit model is developed to estimate the likelihood of carpooling as a driver to/from a public transport station. The results show that delay, convenience, residence location, security and the number of passengers influence the drivers’ decision toward using their private vehicle in carpooling services. Findings provide concrete recommendations for carpooling drivers regarding the planning of a successful carpooling service. The recommendations to “recruit” the drivers become significant, as the concept of carpooling cannot be realized without them.

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Statistical Analysis of Factors Affecting Utilization of Antenatal Care in Nepal

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v12i0.6512 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 268-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gauri Shrestha ◽

Ganga Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Data File ◽

Maternal Health Services ◽

Chi Square ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Care Health

Antenatal care provides an entry point for pregnant women to the health care system. This study investigates factors associated with the use of maternal health services as number of antenatal care visits. For analyzing the use of antenatal care health services system in Nepal, data were extracted from individual recods of a data file of NDHS 2006. The unit of analysis for this study is Ever Married Woman (EMW) who had at least one live birth in the five years preceding the survey. The sample of study consisted of 4182 EMW. The simple cross tabulation and chi square tests were used for examining the bivariate relationship and multinomial logit (MNL) model was selected for establishing linkage between number of antenatal care visits and several explanatory variables. Estimation of the parameter of this MNL models done by what is known as iteratively weighted leastsquare (IRWLS), which was identical to the algorithm of Fisher scoring and leads to maximize likelihood estimates. The results were interpreted in terms of odd ratios. The result of this study showed that women with low education level, those residing in rural areas and those with low socio-economic status were less likely to use number of ANC visits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6512 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2010) 268-275

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Brexit and the Differentiated European (Dis)Integration

Contexto Internacional ◽

10.1590/s0102-8529.2019420300005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 621-646

Author(s):

Angélica Szucko

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Regional Integration ◽

Fundamental Principle ◽

Current Debate ◽

The European Union ◽

Integration Model ◽

Differentiated Integration ◽

The Uk ◽

Eu Project ◽

The Eu

Abstract On 25 March 2017, the European Union celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Treaties of Rome, which established ‘an ever-closer union’ as a fundamental principle for European regional integration. Only four days later, the United Kingdom delivered an official letter triggering its withdrawal process from the Community. How could we comprehend Brexit integrative and disintegrative dynamics to the EU? The UK’s decision to leave the EU alongside recent crises in the Community and the spread of Eurosceptic movements fostered studies about disintegration dynamics. This article presents the current debate about differentiated (dis)integration based on up-to-date related literature. Next, it proposes a framework to assess the recent shifts in the UK-EU relationship and its contradictory effects on the EU project. The main argument of the paper is that the UK’s relationship with the European Union moved from an internal differentiated integration to a proposal of internal differentiated disintegration and, thereafter, to a process of external differentiated disintegration. Moreover, although Brexit means disintegration by one Member State, its effects on the EU project are mixed, initially promoting an integrative boom among the EU27 members, while at the same time neglecting disintegrating forces that could undermine the traditional European integration model.

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The Usage of Public Transport and Impact of Satisfaction in the European Union

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12219154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 9154

Author(s):

Audronė Minelgaitė ◽

Renata Dagiliūtė ◽

Genovaitė Liobikienė

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Public Transport ◽

The European Union ◽

Ticket Price ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Urban Public Transport ◽

Image Improvement ◽

Policy Measures ◽

The Eu ◽

Public Transport Service

The main objective of this paper was to analyse comprehensively the urban public transport usage, satisfaction levels and the satisfaction impact on usage of public transport in European Union (EU) countries. Results revealed that the usage of urban public transport in all EU countries is rather low and significantly depends on economic development level. The satisfaction levels measured as comfort and safety, ticket price, frequency and reliability and amenities at stops and stations significantly differed among EU countries as well. In a half of the EU countries, the satisfaction with ticket price and the time to the station had significant impacts on usage of urban public transport. Meanwhile, the satisfaction with reliability, public transport frequency and comfort and safety had significantly influenced urban public transport usage only in one-third of EU countries. In the majority of EU countries, women and older respondents more often tended to use urban public transport. Next to improvement of public transport service, a variety of policy measures should be applied, from awareness rising and image improvement to the review of pricing policies both of public transport and of parking fees.

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Devolution and differentiation: regional variation in EU law

Legal Studies ◽

10.1111/j.1748-121x.2010.00164.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 421-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jo Hunt

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

Eu Law ◽

Legal Studies ◽

Catching Up ◽

European Court ◽

Or Groups ◽

The Uk ◽

Eu Project ◽

The Eu

For some years now, there has been a growing orthodoxy in EU legal studies which maintains that the EU project is less about achieving uniformity of laws across the Member States, and more about managing flexibility and differentiation. However, for the most part, space for differentiation is recognised only as between states or groups of states. The present paper moves beyond this level to explore the scope for local differentiation, at a sub-state level. This inquiry has been motivated by the recent Horvath judgment, in which the European Court of Justice was asked whether differential implementation by the devolved administrations of the UK of certain EU law obligations was lawful. The paper places these developments alongside other judicial, legal and political developments, to demonstrate a growing recognition of the role of regions within the EU's multi-levelled system of governance, revealing that the EU order is, in some respects, finally catching up with the realities of the rise of devolution and decentralisation taking place across Europe. However, it is submitted that there is further the EU could and should go in recognising, if not a ‘Europe of the Regions’, then a ‘Europe with the Regions’.

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Consumer Preferences for Attributes in Food and Beverages in Developed and Emerging Export Markets and their Impact on the European Union and New Zealand

Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies ◽

10.30722/anzjes.vol8.iss1.15159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Saunders ◽

Meike Guenther ◽

John Saunders ◽

Paul Dalziel ◽

Paul Rutherford

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The European Union ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Food And Beverages ◽

Trade Model ◽

The Uk ◽

Different Levels ◽

The Eu

This study examined consumer attitudes towards attributes in food and beverages in China, India, Indonesia, Japan and the UK. The attributes included basic attributes such as price and quality, but also extended to food safety and health benefits, as well as environmental and social attributes. The importance of factors affecting key attributes were examined in more detail. The study used a web-based survey with 1,000 middle and upper income consumers in each country. In addition, the potential economic impact of agricultural returns of different levels of premiums for food attributes in the EU and New Zealand were examined using the partial equilibrium Lincoln Trade and Environment Model (LTEM). This study found that consumers from developing countries valued food attributes more than the developed countries. Trade model projections showed an important impact on the agricultural sectors in the EU and New Zealand from the different levels of premiums for food attributes in selected overseas markets.

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Parent/Caregiver Views of the Effectiveness of Speech-Language Pathology for Children Born With Cleft Palate Delivered via Telemedicine During COVID-19

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2021_lshss-21-00071 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Lucy Southby ◽

Sam Harding ◽

Amy Davies ◽

Hannah Lane ◽

Hannah Chandler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Free Text ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Chi Square ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Biological Variables ◽

Language Pathology ◽

The Uk

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and examine parent views of speech-language pathology (SLP) for children born with cleft palate delivered via telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (UK). Method: Parents were asked whether they found this method of delivery “very effective,” “somewhat effective,” or “not at all effective.” Free text was then invited. There were 212 responses. Ordinal chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, or Fisher's exact tests examined associations between parent views of effectiveness and biological variables and socioeconomic status. Free text responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: One hundred and forty (66.0%) respondents reported that SLP delivered via telemedicine was “somewhat effective,” 56 (26.4%) “very effective,” and 16 (7.6%) “not at all effective.” There was no evidence of an association between parent reported effectiveness and any of the explanatory variables. Parent-reported challenges impacting on effectiveness included technology issues and keeping their children engaged with sessions. Importantly, telemedicine was viewed as “better than nothing.” Conclusions: Most parents reported that they felt SLP delivered via telemedicine during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK was at least “somewhat effective.” It is important to interpret this in the context of there being no other method of service delivery during this time and that this study only represents families who were able to access SLP delivered via telemedicine. Further work is needed to identify which children with cleft palate might benefit from SLP delivered via telemedicine to inform postpandemic service provision.

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1. History of the project (1972–2020)

EU Law in the UK ◽

10.1093/he/9780198805922.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

Sylvia de Mars

Keyword(s):

Maastricht Treaty ◽

Lisbon Treaty ◽

History Of ◽

Treaty Of Rome ◽

The Uk ◽

Eu Project ◽

Over Time ◽

The Eu

This chapter traces the history of the EU, and UK participation in the EU project at its key developmental moments, revealing that the referendum outcome on 23 June 2016 was perhaps a shock, but not a wholly unpredictable one. The EU's overall goals have never quite matched the UK's reasons for participating in the project. The chapter then sets out what goals the EU project has had over time, and how these have fitted with UK priorities and interests. It also looks at each key revision of the EU's foundational Treaties in turn, including the Treaty of Rome, the Maastricht Treaty, and the Lisbon Treaty. The UK willingly limited its sovereignty when it joined the EU in 1972; it has now exercised its sovereignty again by withdrawing from the EU. The chapter concludes with some thoughts on what will happen next in the now four-year-long Brexit saga.

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Influential Factors Affecting Travelers’ Mode Choice Behavior on Mass Transit in Bangkok, Thailand

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9522

Author(s):

Phattarasuda Witchayaphong ◽

Surachet Pravinvongvuth ◽

Kunnawee Kanitpong ◽

Kazushi Sano ◽

Suksun Horpibulsuk

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Logit Model ◽

Choice Behavior ◽

Mode Choice ◽

Mass Transit ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Binary Logit Model ◽

Binary Logit ◽

Total Travel Time

Increasing use of single or fewer occupant vehicles has increased traffic congestion and transport-related emissions. Public transport as mass transit options are increasingly being encouraged amongst travelers to use, as this is an influential strategy to improve the transport network performance. This paper presents a study based on a revealed preference survey conducted on a random sample of 4467 respondents to understand the influential factors affecting the users’ choice of mass transit in Bangkok, Thailand. This study identified an inversely proportional relationship of socio-economic and spatial attributes on public transport mode choice. The binary logit model was employed to compare the utility of private vehicles and mass transit modes. The results showed that gender, age, average income, auto ownership, total travel cost in private transport, total travel time in public transport and distance range from home to mass transit station were the factors that influenced travelers’ mode choice behavior. Moreover, to ascertain the effects of explanatory variables which influence the likelihood of Thai travelers, another binary logit model analysis was utilized by the four distance ranges condition. The studied results showed that there were few significant differences in the propensity to use mass transit. Due to the longer distance of the station, total travel time in public transport was not affected by the Thai travelers mode choice. This research will aid transport authorities and planners to gain knowledge on the impact of socio-economic and spatial behavior of public transport users on their mode choice, resulting in the development in sustainable transport in Bangkok, Thailand.

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