scholarly journals Influence of Air Temperature on School Teachers’ Mood and the Perception of Students’ Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9707
Author(s):  
Salvador Boix-Vilella ◽  
Elena Saiz-Clar ◽  
Eva León-Zarceño ◽  
Miguel Angel Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Random Measurements

This study investigates how temperature, inside and outside the classroom, influence teachers’ mood and mental fatigue as well as the perceived students’ behavior. Two daily random measurements of the temperature inside various classrooms were taken for 7 months. Mood, mental fatigue, and perception of students’ behavior were evaluated for the teachers. Daily external temperature data were obtained from the State Agency of Meteorology. Results showed that indoor temperature, indoor humidity, and the difference between outdoor/indoor temperature significantly explain a worse perception of mood of the teachers and a worse perception of students’ behavior that influences perception of students’ behavior.

A comment on temperature measurement at automatic weather stations in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
G. P. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temperature Records

Two versions of 1-min air-temperature data recorded at Bureau Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) were compared in three case studies. The aim was to evaluate the difference between 1-min data represented by a measurement at the last second of each minute, compared with an average of four or five 1-s measurements made during the minute. Frequency distributions of the difference between these two values were produced for 44 000 min in three monthly data sets, January and July 2016 and September 2017. Diurnal and seasonal changes in standard deviation of the temperature differences showed that minute-to-minute fluctuations were driven by solar irradiance as the source of turbulent kinetic energy in the planetary boundary layer. Fluctuations in the difference between the two versions of 1-min data were so small overnight in all months that minimum temperature (Tmin) was the same using both methods. In midsummer, any difference between the two values for maximum temperature (Tmax) was greatest at midday. Tmax could be up by 0.1 K higher in the 1-s data compared with Tmax averaged from four measurements in the minute, but less often than 1 min in five. A follow-up test for September 2017 at Mildura when a new Tmax record was set found the difference immaterial, with Tmax the same for the averaged or 1-s values. Thus while the two versions of 1-min air-temperature data showed fluctuating small differences, largest at midday in summer, for the 3 months studied at both sites, fluctuations were too small to cause bias in climatological air-temperature records. This accorded with a numerical experiment confirming the Bureau’s advice that thermal inertia in the AWS measurement systems ensured that its 1-s data represented averages over the prior 40–80 s, providing a 1-min average of air temperature in accord with World Meteorological Organization requirements.

scholarly journals Estimasi Dampak Urban Heat Island terhadap Laju Evapotranspirasi: Studi Kasus di Kota Palembang

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Ari Sugiarto ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan ◽  
Chusnul Arif ◽  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Difference

A review of air temperature in the Palembang city by reviewing data from the National Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics/BMKG (Kenten Climatology Station and the SMB II Meteorological Station) shows a difference in air temperature can indicate the occurrence of Urban Heat Island (UHI). The difference in air temperature affects the evapotranspiration rate (ET) because air temperature very influencing water evaporation. ET rate estimation with air temperature data is the first step to prove this hypothesis. Hargreaves and Samani, Blaney and Criddle, Linacre, and Kharuffa models is the ET model that using air temperature as the variable was used to estimate the ET rate. Air temperature data used in the period 2011-2020 by reviewing data from the Kenten Climatology Station and the SMB II Meteorological Station. The results of this study of air temperature data from the Kenten Climatology Station and the SMB II Meteorology Station showed a difference in air temperature with the minimum ∆T of 0.42 oC, the maximum of 0.43 oC, and the daily average of 0.41 oC. This difference in air temperature has an impact on the difference in the ET rate with the average ∆ET of the Hargreaves and Samani model of 0.05 mm/day, the Blaney and Criddle model of 0.05 mm/day, the Linacre model of 0.06 mm/day, and the Kharuffa model of 0.14 mm/day. The results of this study predicted that an increase in air temperature causes an increase in the ET rate of ± 10-30%.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A HEATING SYSTEM WITH A HEAT PUMP ACCORDING TO THE MODE OF INPUT DATA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Vladimíra Linhartová
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bin Method

The paper is focused on evaluating a heating system with an air source heat pump using the bin method. The main goal of the paper is to find the difference between three modes of input outside air temperature data in the calculation. Outside air temperatures are used in three modes, an hour based calculation, monthly frequencies and annual frequencies based calculations.

scholarly journals Determination of Step Check Quality Control Thresholds on Air Temperature Data at South Tangerang Climatological Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
M Halida ◽  
SA Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Climatological Station ◽  
Check Method ◽  
The Difference

Abstract All data, including air temperature data, must be verified by conducting quality control using the step check method. Step check quality control is carried out by looking at the difference of a parameter in a certain period compared to the threshold value that was already determined. Therefore before carrying out step check quality control, it is necessary to determine the ceiling and floor boundaries of the difference in air temperature data every hour. The data used in this study are hourly air temperature data and hourly present weather data from weather observations at the South Tangerang Climatological Station during 2016 - 2020. In determining the threshold for air temperature step check quality control, the air temperature data is paired with weather condition data to obtain a threshold value according to rain and no rain conditions. The threshold conducted in this study is based on a check for unusual climatological values, where the limits for an unusual and impossible jump in hourly air temperature changes are determined based on a certain percentage of the data distribution. This study uses percentile analysis to determine the threshold, where 5% in the lower and upper part of the data distribution are used as the threshold. The results show various thresholds every hour. The increase in temperature dominates the changes of hourly air temperature in no-rain conditions. The highest threshold for temperature increase occurs at 00.00 – 01.00 UTC at 3.2°C and continues to decrease over time. The highest threshold for temperature decrease occurs at 09.00 UTC - 10.00 UTC at 2.2°C. In rain conditions, the increase in temperature can still occur. However, the decrease in temperature mainly occurs. The highest threshold for temperature increase during rainy conditions is 1.8°C at 01.00 - 02.00 UTC, while the highest threshold for the temperature decrease is 5.8°C at 06.00 UTC – 07.00 UTC. With these results, observers can first carry out quality control with the Step Check method before filling in the data into the system database. Thus, any suspect data either from reading errors or tool errors can be minimized and finally produce a valid dataset.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE ON THE COURSE OF INFECTIOUS MYXOMATOSIS OF RABBITS

1942 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Parker ◽  
R. L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
The State ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Good General Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Development

Rabbits, convalescent from vaccinia and in good general health, were subjected to infection with myxoma during a period of exposure to a high external temperature. It was observed that in proportion as the temperature was elevated, a profound change in the course of the myxoma infection occurred. At the highest temperatures, the disease was held completely in abeyance, and no lesions appeared within 17 days of observation. At lower temperatures, lesions appeared which tended to be circumscribed, and which reached their maximum development within 6 or 8 days after inoculation. Regression then set in and complete healing occurred. There was wide variation in the degree of protection which a given temperature conferred on an individual rabbit as measured by the amount of virus required to cause infection, although for single animals the difference in concentration of virus required to produce consistently positive and consistently negative results was not apparently different from that obtaining in the controls. With the data at hand, it does not appear justifiable to draw final conclusions as to the state of immunity of the animals which survived the modified infection.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE TROPOSPHERE AND LOWER STRATOSPHERE

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
A.V. Shimarin ◽  
Yu.P. Perevedentsev ◽  
M.V. Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Slope Coefficient ◽  
The Difference

The article presents the analysis of annual values of the temperature indicators of the troposphere and lower stratosphere obtained using radio sounding at upper-air stations of Kazan, Orenburg, Ufa in the period 1979-2016. Comparison of air temperature data from radiosonde observations and reanalysis series Era-interim, Ncep/Ncar, Ncep/Doe was performed. The average long-term indicators of air temperature and its standard deviation are calculated. The difference was found when comparing within 0.5-1 °C for the troposphere and 1-2 °C for the lower stratosphere. The calculated correlation coefficients also testify to a better agreement of heterogeneous data in the troposphere than in the stratosphere. The linear trend slope coefficient (LTSC) of air temperature is positive in the troposphere and negative in the stratosphere.

scholarly journals Frost Hardiness of Asparagus officinalis L.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 823-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Michael E. Wisniewski ◽  
Donald J. Makus
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Field Plots

Frost damage to `Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears was evaluated in noncovered and black plastic-covered field plots following a spring frost episode. In the noncovered plots, 78% of spears were killed as compared to only 17% under the plastic rowcovers. Laboratory studies using natural frost simulations indicated that the spears of both treatments were frost hardy to -2.8C. Air temperature data in the field plots during the frost episode indicated that spears in noncovered plots were at lower temperatures (-4.0 to -4.8C vs. -2.8C) ≈4 to 5 hours longer than spears under rowcovers. The large difference in the spear-kill may be due to the difference in the combined effect of the degree and duration of freezing to which the spears had been exposed.

Analysis of the horizontal structure of a measurement and control geodetic network based on entropy

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mrówczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

Abstract The paper attempts to determine an optimum structure of a directional measurement and control network intended for investigating horizontal displacements. For this purpose it uses the notion of entropy as a logarithmical measure of probability of the state of a particular observation system. An optimum number of observations results from the difference of the entropy of the vector of parameters ΔHX̂ (x)corresponding to one extra observation. An increment of entropy interpreted as an increment of the amount of information about the state of the system determines the adoption or rejection of another extra observation to be carried out.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

Konsep Distribusi Pendapatan Dalam Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Moh. Ah. Subhan ZA
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The main problem of social life in the community is about how to make the allocation and distribution of income well. Inequality and poverty basically arise not because of the difference of anyone’s strength and weakness in getting livelihood, but because of inappropriate distribution mechanism. With the result that wealth treasure just turns on the rich wealthy, which is in turn, results in the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.Therefore, a discussion on distribution becomes main focus of theory of Islamic economics. Moreover, the discussion of the distribution is not only related to economic issues, but also social and political aspects. On the other side, the economic vision of Islam gives priority to the guarantee of the fulfillment of a better life. Islam emphasizes distributive justice and encloses, in its system, a program for the redistribution of wealth and prosperity, so that each individual is guaranteed with a respectable and friendly standard of living. Islam recognizes private property rights, but the private property rights must be properly distributed. The personal property is used for self and family livelihood, for investment of the working capital, so that it can provide job opportunities for others, for help of the others through zakat, infaq, and shodaqoh. In this way, the wealth not only rotates on the rich, bringing on gap in social life.The problem of wealth distribution is closely related to the welfare of society. Therefore, the state has a duty to regulate the distribution of income in order that the distribution can be fair and reaches appropriate target. The state could at least attempt it by optimizing the role of BAZ (Badan Amil Zakat) and LAZ (Lembaga Amil Zakat) which has all this time been slack. If BAZ and LAZ can be optimized, author believes that inequality and poverty over time will vanish. This is because the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim.

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