scholarly journals Cooperative Learning to Reduce Inequalities: Instructional Approaches and Dimensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10234
Author(s):  
Dolors Cañabate ◽  
Remigijus Bubnys ◽  
Lluís Nogué ◽  
Lurdes Martínez-Mínguez ◽  
Carolina Nieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Instructional Approaches ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Qualified Teachers ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Group Processing ◽  
Positive Interdependence ◽  
Individual Accountability

This manuscript deals with how cooperative learning in pre-school and primary education can be dimensionalized in terms of reducing gender differences and inequalities. In this study, formulated through instructional approaches delivered in four medium- to very high-complexity schools (the number of students with an immigrant background ranging from 30% to 100%), 376 pre-service teachers and 43 qualified teachers were asked to analyze the instruction that they gave to 1658 pre-school and primary students over two consecutive years. Instruction was defined in terms of contextualized physical education challenges that included cooperative psychomotor physical challenges, guided discovery activities and psychomotor problem-solving. The analysis was based on reflective narratives on both gender differences and inequalities, which evinced 792 comments regarding gender (618 by the pre-service teachers and 174 by the schoolteachers) and 627 comments for inequalities (363 by the pre-service teachers and 264 by the schoolteachers). The analysis produced categories based on critical reflection—on both individual and classroom scales—from the pre-service teachers and the schoolteachers. Each of the cooperative learning dimensions, i.e., positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, social skills, and group processing, were investigated to produce a set of principles and competencies that best promoted education for sustainable development. The research produced 42 principles that operated under the tenet of leave-no-one-behind, with positive interdependence and promotive interaction providing the higher number of principles that are best suited to tackle, through cooperation processes, equity and inclusivity issues in pre-school and primary education classrooms.

scholarly journals Learning Microbiology Through Cooperation: Designing Cooperative Learning Activities that Promote Interdependence, Interaction, and Accountability

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
JANINE E. TREMPY ◽  
MONICA M. SKINNER ◽  
WILLIAM A. SIEBOLD
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Group Processing ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Individual Accountability

A microbiology course and its corresponding learning activities have been structured according to the Cooperative Learning Model. This course, The World According to Microbes , integrates science, math, engineering, and technology (SMET) majors and non-SMET majors into teams of students charged with problem solving activities that are microbial in origin. In this study we describe development of learning activities that utilize key components of Cooperative Learning—positive interdependence, promotive interaction, individual accountability, teamwork skills, and group processing. Assessments and evaluations over an 8-year period demonstrate high retention of key concepts in microbiology and high student satisfaction with the course.

Cooperative Classrooms and Academic Performance in Physical Education: A Multilevel Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Benito León ◽  
Javier Fernandez-Rio ◽  
Sergio Rivera-Pérez ◽  
Damián Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Group Processing ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Individual Accountability

Purpose: The aim was to assess how two contextual variables, number of students per class and in-class global cooperation, affect students’ academic performance in physical education. Method: Multilevel analysis was performed given the data’s hierarchical nature (L1 = 1,185 participants and L2 = 64 classrooms), including regression analysis to assess how the contextual variables at the classroom level affected students’ grades. Results: Results showed that the differences observed between classrooms in students’ academic performance can be attributed largely to the perceived in-class global cooperation and not to the number of students per class. Group processing, promotive interaction, and individual accountability were the strongest predictors because these cooperative learning essential elements showed significant differences between classrooms. Discussion/Conclusion: Academic performance in physical education is not only determined by personal factors but also by contextual factors like perceived in-class cooperation. Group processing, promotive interaction, and individual accountability can be considered the most relevant critical features. Cooperative learning contexts are not easy to build, and depending on how successfully they are constructed, the outcomes can be very different.

scholarly journals デジタル・ストーリーテリングを使用した大学生の協同的英語学習 —学習者の動機づけに注目して— [Cooperative learning in digital storytelling: A way to raise university English learners’ motivation]

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshie Agawa
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Interdependence ◽  
Individual Accountability

The participants in this study were 38 beginning-level English learners. Twelve of them were first-year English Communication majors and 26 were second-year International Social Studies majors at a university in the Tokyo area. A Digital Storytelling (DST) project was designed so that they would work cooperatively. Since positive interdependence and individual accountability are two essential principles of cooperative learning, the teacher paid careful attention to have them emerge in the activity. For example, students’ roles were divided in such a way that each of them would have a different piece of information, which facilitated positive interdependence. Also, the project was structured so that fulfillment of each member’s role/responsibility was essential (i.e., individual accountability was required) for successful completion of the project. A questionnaire with Likert scales was conducted before and after the project. In addition, a post-project questionnaire included an open-ended question. The Likert scale portion of the questionnaire measured the participants’ motivation for learning English. The question items used in this part were adapted from Hiromori (2006), who investigated EFL learners’ motivation with reference to the Self Determination Theory. The open-ended question was used to collect participants’ opinions towards the cooperative DST project. The results indicate that teamwork among learners was enhanced through the cooperative DST project, which in turn heightened their motivation to learn English. The Likert scale scores from the pre- and post-project tests were compared. The t-test results indicate that the participants’ motivation increased as a result of engaging in the project. Together with the participants’ comments collected in the post-project questionnaire, it can be concluded that teamwork among learners was enhanced through cooperative learning, which in turn heightened their motivation to learn English.　 本論では、デジタル・ストーリーテリング(DST)を用いて協同学習を実践し、参加者の動機づけ変化を測定した。参加者は大学1、2年生38名であった。本論では、協同学習の最低条件である互恵的相互依存関係と個人責任の明確化が実現されるよう、協同的DSTプロジェクトをデザインし、このプロジェクト前後で質問紙調査を行った。質問紙は自己決定理論の枠組みに従った質問項目に、リッカート・スケールを付して回答者の動機づけの強さを測定しようとするものであった。事後テストではこれに加えて自由記述欄を付し、協同的DSTプロジェクトへのコメントを書いてもらった。量的データ分析により、プロジェクト前後で参加者の英語学習に対する動機づけが高まったことが示された。さらに自由記述欄には、このプロジェクトにおいて協同事態が実現したことが伺えるコメントが寄せられ、協同学習を通じて参加者の動機づけが向上したことが示唆された。

scholarly journals University Students’ Perceptions of the Key Elements of Cooperative Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Tomoko Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Group Processing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Individual Accountability ◽  
Research Period

In this study I examined students’ perceptions of the way cooperative learning (CL) was used in their classroom setting. CL involves five key elements: positive interdependence (PI), face-to-face promotive interaction (FF), individual accountability (IA), interpersonal and small group skills (IS), and group processing (GP). For this study, first-year university students from three classes participated in informal CL (semistructured), formal CL (structured), and teacher-led instruction. At the end of the research period, students’ perceptions of these were rated. Analyses showed that for PI and IS, the mean score of the formal CL class was significantly higher than the teacher-led instruction class, but that there were no significant differences between FF, IA, and GP for these two groups. Student perceptions of the informal CL class did not show any significant difference when compared to the formal CL class nor the teacher-led instruction class for any of the five key elements. 本研究は、協同学習（CL）の5つの基本要素について、学生の認識を調べたものである。5つの基本要素とは、互恵的な相互依存（PI）、対面的で促進的な相互交渉（FF）、個人としての責任（IA）、社会的スキルや小グループ運営スキル（IS）、そしてグループの改善手続き（GP）である。本研究では、3つのクラスの大学1年生が、其々インフォーマルな協同学習、フォーマルな協同学習、そして、教員主導の学習を体験した後、協同学習の5つの基本要素の重要度を評価した。分析の結果、フォーマルな協同学習を経験した学生のPIとISの平均値は共に、教員主導の学習を体験した学生のものよりも、有意に高いことが示された。FF、IA、GPについては、この２つのクラス間に有意な差は見られなかった。また、協同学習の5つの基本要素は、インフォーマルな協同学習とフォーマルな協同学習、インフォーマルな協同学習と教員主導の学習のどちらを比較しても、有意差が認められなかった。

scholarly journals Three Approaches to Cooperative Learning in Higher Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 37-66
Author(s):  
David Kaufman ◽  
Elliott Sutow ◽  
Ken Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Group Processing ◽  
Social Skills Group ◽  
Skills Group ◽  
Six Elements ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Individual Accountability

This paper first discusses cooperative learning and provides a rationale for its use in higher education. From the literature, six elements are identified that are considered essential to the success of cooperative learning: positive interdependence, face-to-face verbal interaction, individual accountability, social skills, group processing, and appropriate grouping. Three distinct approaches at the postsecondary level are described in the fields of Medicine, Dentistry and Mathematics, and feedback from faculty and students is reported. The three approaches are presented within the context of the disciplines and are compared across the disciplines with respect to the essential six elements. Finally, the authors share some lessons learned from their research and experience in order to assist faculty who wish to incorporate cooperative learning into their teaching.

scholarly journals Cooperative Learning: Addressing implementation issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Willy A. Renandya ◽  
George M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Instruction Time ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Positive Interdependence ◽  
Individual Accountability

Although cooperative learning (CL) has been shown to be an effective method to increase students’ levels of engagement in the language classroom, not all teachers use it regularly. Some may not fully understand its theoretical rationales, some may not be aware of its potential language learning benefits and some may just feel that CL takes up too much of instruction time. In this paper, we first provide the key theoretical principles behind CL and discuss four such principles that research has shown to be essential. These are positive interdependence, maximum peer interactions, equal opportunity to participate and individual accountability. In the last part, which forms that bulk of this paper, we discuss common concerns teachers have about CL and offer practical suggestions of addressing them.

scholarly journals Cooperative Learning of Seiryu-Tai Hayashi Learners for the Hida Furukawa Festival in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4292
Author(s):  
Shyh-Huei Hwang ◽  
Hsu-Ying Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Instrumental Ensemble ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Group Processing ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Traditional Arts ◽  
Individual Accountability ◽  
Gifu Prefecture ◽  
Kj Method

The residents of Furukawa-cho, Hida City, Gifu Prefecture, Japan use cooperative learning during festival organization to preserve the various traditional arts of Hida Furukawa Festival, such as Hayashi. The goals of this study were to (1) analyze the aspects of cooperative learning of Seiryu-tai Hayashi learners involved in the Furukawa Festival, and (2) determine the effects of factors influencing cooperative learning on the aspects of cooperative learning among these learners. We applied grounded theory and conducted a field study on the six years of the Furukawa Festival and residents’ daily lives since 2014. We numbered, coded, and categorized text data, and classified the data using the KJ method. We applied the five elements of cooperative learning by Johnson and Johnson, and analyzed the cooperative learning processing of Seiryu-tai, considering five aspects: (1) cultivation and skills: to follow the norms of Hayashi learning and then cultivate the skills; (2) demonstration and imitation: the process of Hayashi learning without notation; (3) instruction and accompanying: elders addressed norms and demonstrated skills, providing comfort and encouragement; (4) experience and feeling: interacting with unqualified learners to experience the Hayashi atmosphere, and (5) others and interaction: experience of a different culture. From the analyses, we found that the five elements of cooperative learning in Hayashi cooperative learning provide new functions. We applied the five elements of cooperative learning to analyze the five aspects of Azure Dragon Stall’s Hayashi cooperative learning: (1) positive interdependence: deep interdependence exists in the core of the learning circle, and guarding and immersion are included; (2) individual accountability: achievement of following the norms, enhancing skills, and having a tacit agreement on the instrumental ensemble; (3) promotive interaction: five interactive types are influenced, including people who follow etiquette, people who need to be advised, people who imitate, people with tolerance, and people who interact; (4) the division of social skills into four types including playing, performing, senior, and foreign, and (5) group processing, which includes learners, instructors, senior learners, elders, youths, and foreign visitors, who jointly form the Hayashi learning circle.

scholarly journals STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVES TOWARD A-AIKEM 3 MODEL IN GROUP WORK PRESENTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Henry Rio Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Group Processing ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Positive Interdependence ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedbacks

As there is a tendency to regard that a classroom without the label of cooperative learning is not a good one, recent instructional practices then often utilize group work to encourage students to gain knowledge from one another – to assist and to seek assistance from their peers in addition to from the classroom teacher. Classrooms have the typical characteristics of small groups. With the trend to incorporate cooperative learning in the classroom practices, this Positive Interdependence is undoubtedly to be imposed to obtain the beneficial outcomes of cooperative efforts.This research would like to employ a new model in group work presentation called A-aikem 3.  This A-aikem 3 model is an innovative group work presentation model which emphasizes on CL approach. This model can be used to strengthen positive interdependence, individual accountability, interpersonal and also group processing skill from students. Basically,A-aikem 3 model is one of many A-aikem models formulated and designed by Tamah and Prijambodo on their book.  The A-aikem 3 model developed based on three new insights that are (1) transition from individual (conventional) assessments to group assessment, (2) transition from individual assessment to peer assessment , and (3) transition from Individual assessment without discussion to a representative assessment with discussion. (Tamah & Prijambodo, 2015 in Tamah, 2017) Deriving from the title of this thesis and the background of the study, two relevant research questions are formulated as follows: How do the undergraduate students perceive A-aikem 3 model? What are the positive and negative feedbacks of A-aikem 3 model’? In relation to the research questions above, this study aims to investigate the student’s perspective towards A-aikem 3 model and also their feedback after experiencing A-aikem 3 model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document