Exhausted Grape Marc Derived Biochars: Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Yield and Quality of Biochar for Soil Amendment

The present study focuses on the valorisation of winery industry wastes through slow pyrolysis of exhausted grape marc (EGM). The optimal pyrolysis parameters were firstly identified by small scale experiments carried out using thermogravimetric analysis. Nine pyrolysis temperatures were tested and their influence on the decomposition of the EGM residue and biochar yield was evaluated. Then, biochar production was conducted in a pilot plant at three chosen temperatures (450, 500 and 550 °C) at which the biochar was shown to be stable. The effects of biochar application to soil with respect to plant (ryegrass) growth was also evaluated. Pyrolysis of EGM at the 450–550 °C temperature range has been shown to generate thermally stable and nutrient-rich biochars, but only the biochar produced at 450 °C showed a marked benefit effect of ryegrass growth.

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Liquid manure as a grassland fertilizer:V. The response to mixtures of liquid manure (urine) and dung

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600017421 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 397-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. E. Castle ◽

A. D. Drysdale

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Small Scale ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Comparative Effect ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Plot Experiment

1. A small-scale plot experiment was conducted at the Hannah Institute for the 3-year period 1963–65, to study the comparative effect of applications of various mixtures of dung and urine (slurry treatments) on the yield and quality of an established S23 ryegrass and S100 white clover sward.

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The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Time of Polypropylene on Quality of Carbon Nanotube with Flame Synthesis Method

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186703030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 03030

Author(s):

Praswasti P.D.K Wulan ◽

Juan Octavian Daniel Sidauruk ◽

Juli Ayu Ningtyas

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

Flame Synthesis ◽

Combustion Gas ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Optimal Quality

Variations of the pyrolysis temperature and time are carried out to obtain the correlation between those variables and the number of pyrolysis gases, as well as the yield and quality of produced CNT. PP is pyrolyzed at a temperature range of 525-600°C to produce pyrolizate gases. The flame synthesis method is used to convert PP plastic waste into CNT alongside with the use of wired mesh stainless steel type SS 316 as the substrate. The substrate is pre-treated by oxidative heat treatment at 800°C for 10 minutes before the synthesis to breach the outer chromium layer and make grains on the catalytic surface to enable CNT to grow. Pyrolizate gases are mixed with oxygen flowed from a venturi, so combustion reaction occurs. The combustion gas is flowed to the synthesis reactor to produce CNT at 800°C. Characterization of produced CNT is carried out using XRD, GC-FID, and TEM. The highest yield is obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 525°C for 45 minutes. While the optimal quality based on the structure, crystalline and particle size is achieved at the pyrolysis temperature of 525°C for 30 minutes which results in CNT with 23.81 nm of average crystallite size and 104.8 nm of particle size.

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PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR PADA PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v6i2.1577 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Frist Silia ◽

Seri Maulina

Keyword(s):

Processing Time ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Ph Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Increasing Temperature

Palm plantations in Indonesia began to grow rapidly since the early 80s. The area of Indonesia's oil palm in 2013 was 10.4 million ha and increased 4.69% annually. The production of palm midrib was about 22 midribs per tree per year with the weight of midrib meat ranging from 2.2 kg. The palm midrib is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be used as liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of temperature and time of pyrolysis on the yield and quality of liquid smoke produced. The pyrolysis process of fractured palm was performed at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes. The results indicated that the yield of liquid smoke tends to decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature, and tends to increase with increasing pyrolysis time in which the difficult condensed gas production increases with increasing temperature and time of pyrolysis. The highest yield of liquid smoke pyrolysis temperature of 150 OC with pyrolysis time 120 minutes that is equal to 43.47%. In this study, obtained the best results for a pH value of 3.1 is done at process temperatures of 250 ° C with processing time 60 minutes

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Influence of soil amendment of different concentrations of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on physiological characteristics, yield and quality of “Hangjiao No.2” Chili Pepper

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12472

Author(s):

Emily Patience Bakpa ◽

Jianming Xie ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Kangning Han ◽

Yufeng Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Soil Amendment ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Acid Water ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Soluble Fertilizer

Amino acids are well known as natural stimulators of plant growth and are widely used to promote crop yield and quality. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of amino acid (s) as a foliar spray on a variety of plant species. However, the effects of soil amendment of different concentrations of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of pepper remain unclear. Following this, three experimental sets of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in the ratio 1.8: 2.7: 3.6 kg including control (CK) were conducted in Lintao county, Gansu province. The treatments were applied through furrow method at 6 weeks after planting. The results showed that physiological characteristics of the pepper plants, such as chlorophyll a (1.35 mg g−1), and b (0.67 mg g−1), total chlorophyll (2.02 mg g−1), carotenoid (0.63 mg g−1), ETR (26.25 µmol m−2s−1), Fv/Fm (0.75), Qp (0.92) contents of the leaves were increased by the 1.8 kg treatment while NPQ (71.37%) and root activity (2185.52 µg g−1 h−1) were improved by the 3.6 kg treatment compared to the control. Fertilization with 2.7 kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer also had a significant influence on fruit length (25.50 cm), and yield of pepper (37.92 t ha−1) while fruit diameter (24.51 mm), firmness (5.30 kg cm−2), fresh (48.10 g) and dry (4.71 g) weights were higher in the 1.8 kg treatment compared to the control. The lowest rate of fertilizer (1.8 kg) applied again resulted in a significant increase in soluble protein (79.79%), capsaicin (5.80 mg g−1), dihydrocapsaicin (1.08 mg g−1), vitamin C (72.33%) and the essential and non-essential amino acid contents of the pepper which ranged from (235.15 to 11.16 µg g−1) and (1,605.10 to 16.63 µg g−1) respectively, while soluble sugar (9.02%) was enhanced by 3.6 kg treatment compared to the control. The findings suggest that soil amendment with low concentration of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (1.8 kg) could be successfully used to improve the physiological characteristics and fruit quality of peppers in vegetable production.

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Development of evaluation methods to introduce a nanofiltration membrane process in drinking water treatment

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2006.042 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Ohgai ◽

Y. Oguchi ◽

K. Ohno ◽

T. Kamei ◽

Y. Magara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Prediction Method ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Water Quantity ◽

Small Scale ◽

Nanofiltration Membrane ◽

Membrane Process

The objective of this study was to develop a new prediction method for evaluating performance of full-scale nanofiltration (NF) pilot plant by using small-scale pilot plants. Operating experiments using both multistage array pilot plant and two small-scale pilot plants in parallel had been conducted for about a year. From this experiment, it was revealed that data obtained from small-scale pilot plants could predict the performance of multistage pilot plant from the viewpoint of flux and rejection. In other words, both permeate water quantity of multistage pilot plant without noticeable fouling caused by aluminium from coagulant and permeate water quality of multistage pilot plant could be estimated.

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Soil amendment with biochar: growth, physiology and fruit yield and quality of young ‘Fuji’ trees

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2017.1177.50 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 349-354

Author(s):

S.A. Bound ◽

A. Eyles ◽

G. Oliver ◽

S. Paterson ◽

J. Direen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Amendment ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Growth Physiology ◽

Yield And Quality

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Influence of drop irrigation and ways of primary tillage on yield and quality of fruits of sweet pepper in the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2020-6-14-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

D. S. Magomedova ◽

S. A. Kurbanov ◽

D. M. Ramazanov

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Resistance Coefficient ◽

Small Scale ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

The Republic

Relevance. In the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of lowland Dagestan, the beneficial effect of drip irrigation in combination with dump cultivation on the yield and quality of sweet pepper fruits from Moldova proved. Results. It experimentally established that maintaining moisture in the active 0.5 m soil layer during the growing season within 80- 100% of LMC against the background of dump processing to a depth of 0.23-0.25 m led to an increase in yield and biochemical composition of sweet pepper fruits. Differences in the influence of dump and small (0.10-0.12 m) tillage on agrophysical and phytosanitary indicators of fertility of meadow medium loamy soil were revealed. The data showing the inappropriateness of using small-scale cultivation under conditions of irrigated vegetable growing, which leads to a deterioration in the agrophysical indicators of fertility: increase in soil density by 0.05-0.08 t/m3, decrease in the number of water-resistant units by 7,0%, water permeability reduction by 22.0% and water resistance coefficient by 12.9%, 2.1 times increase in planting weed and 212.6% potential soil weed. Of the three studied thresholds of soil moisture (70, 80 and 90% LMC), it was established that the best conditions for plant growth and development, optimization of their photosynthetic activity are created at a humidity threshold of 80% LMC, at which the most efficient use of irrigation water is noted. Drip irrigation with maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold for soil moisture not lower than 80% of against the background of dump processing leads to an increase in the number of fruits on 1 plant, an increase in the mass of 1 fruit, which contributed to an increase in yield to 62 t/ha.

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Optimizing Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil: A Comparative Study of Acacia tortilis and Pine Dust

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8050551 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 551

Author(s):

Gratitude Charis ◽

Gwiranai Danha ◽

Edison Muzenda

Keyword(s):

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Scale Up ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Raw Material ◽

Acacia Tortilis ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Oil Fraction ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Condenser Temperature

We collected pine dust and Acacia tortilis samples from Zimbabwe and Botswana, respectively. We then pyrolyzed them in a bench-scale plant under varying conditions. This investigation aimed to determine an optimum temperature that will give result to maximum yield and quality of the bio-oil fraction. Our experimental results show that we obtain the maximum yield of the oil fraction at a pyrolysis temperature of 550 °C for the acacia and at 500 °C for the pine dust. Our results also show that we obtain an oil fraction with a heating value (HHV) of 36.807 MJ/kg using acacia as the feed material subject to a primary condenser temperature of 140 °C. Under the same pyrolysis temperature, we obtain an HHV value of 15.78 MJ/kg using pine dust as the raw material at a primary condenser temperature of 110 °C. The bio-oil fraction we obtain from Acacia tortilis at these condensation temperatures has an average pH value of 3.42 compared to that of 2.50 from pine dust. The specific gravity of the oil from Acacia tortilis is 1.09 compared to that of 1.00 from pine dust. We elucidated that pine dust has a higher bio-oil yield of 46.1% compared to 41.9% obtained for acacia. Although the heavy oils at condenser temperatures above 100 °C had good HHVs, the yields were low, ranging from 2.8% to 4.9% for acacia and 0.2% to 12.7% for pine dust. Our future work will entail efforts to improve the yield of the heavy oil fraction and scale up our results for trials on plant scale capacity.

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