scholarly journals Half of the Ancient Trees in Hungary Stand in Human-Altered Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12803
Author(s):  
Márton Takács ◽  
Ákos Malatinszky
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Habitat

Big trees contribute to various ecosystem functions and spiritual values are given to them by local people, yet they are endangered. We compiled the health status, accessibility, and local habitat categories of the 2000 biggest (considering girth) trees in Hungary in 531 settlements. A total of 1550 specimens belong to 29 indigenous species, while 450 are non-indigenous (43 species). Most of them stand in a forest or park (not as a solitary tree), in the North Hungarian Range. Altogether, half of the ancient trees in Hungary stand in human-altered environments. Three-quarters are in a fair health condition. However, only 10.3% of the biggest white willows and 24.5% of the biggest sweet chestnuts are in good or excellent condition. A number of 121 big trees should no longer be listed in the nationwide online database because they died, or no longer reach the girth criteria (e.g., due to breakage). This number proves that any kind of documentation is important. More than half of the trees are easily accessible, while 9% are very difficult to reach. Only a very few big trees receive legal protection at the local or national level, on their own or in the habitat where they stand.

scholarly journals Toponymies of lesser-used languages in the North: Issues of socio-linguistic conditions among Inuit and Sámi

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludger Müller-Wille
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
The North ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Aboriginal Languages

Abstract Both Inuit and Sámi have experienced the expansion of colonial state systems and immigrant populations from the south into their territories in Arctic Canada and northernmost Europe respectively. These historical processes have resulted, among other socio-economic conditions, in the superposition and often displacement of their aboriginal toponymy by external interests introducing other languages and place names. In the introduction this paper discusses the socio-linguistic conditions of aboriginal languages in Canada and in Europe. Both situations differ with regard to the legal protection of lesser-used, minority or aboriginal languages. In Europe the linguistic rights of minorities or aboriginal peoples are protected under conventions and by laws on the international and national level. In fact, the framework of the European Union has enhanced the position of languages in general. In the Canadian confederation, with English and French as official languages, specific legal provisions for aboriginal languages exist at the provincial and territorial levels. Still, the levels of protection are considerably weaker for these languages. As case studies the socio-linguistic conditions among the Inuit and Sámi are analyzed by focusing on the maintenance and development of their aboriginal toponymy as cultural and linguistic heritage and expression of human environmental relations. The paper explains recent practical efforts by both Inuit and Sámi to counteract the process of linguistic displacement by developing programs to enhance the development of their integral place name systems. Both Inuit and Sámi institutions have established programs to record and document their oral and historical toponymy, using modern technologies to produce maps and gazetteers. These programs are presented and discussed in the light of cultural self-determination and human and linguistic rights. In conclusion, the question is discussed if communities of lesser-used languages are able to maintain the functional space needed for the security of their languages within a multicultural and multilingual context.

TBE in Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low-incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe.1 Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.2-5 A national enhanced surveillance system for TBE has been established since 2017.6 Before this, information on the occurrence of TBE cases at the national level in Italy was lacking. Both incidence rates and the geographical distribution of the disease were mostly inferred from endemic areas where surveillance was already in place, ad hoc studies and international literature.1

Influence of Pumps on Salinity of a Coastal Aquifer with Legal Protection (A Zone in the North of Isla Cristina, Huelva, Spain)

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. González ◽  
E. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Residual Flow ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Rational Distribution

In this article we show that the legal measures for protection of aquifers are not enough to lessen the pumping if the users are not associated and determined to have a rational distribution of water. The expansive agriculture on the North side of Isla Cristina (Huelva, Spain), based on citrus and strawberry growing, uses high volumes of groundwater that comes from a tertiary age detritic coastal aquifer with a significant lack of resources. This causes a decrease of the residual flow to the sea, deep pumpcones, and an inversion of the hydraulic gradient, which initiates the progressive salinization of the aquifer northwards, in the sense that the fresh-salt water mixture zone is moving. The problem is worsening because the number of uncontrolled pump-works in the areais increasing. This problem could be alleviated if a Users Community for the whole aquifer were created, itself to watch over the fulfilment of the legal requirements and to regulate the water extractions.

scholarly journals Biogeography of acoustic biodiversity of NW Mediterranean coralligenous reefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Di Iorio ◽  
Manon Audax ◽  
Julie Deter ◽  
Florian Holon ◽  
Julie Lossent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Mediterranean Habitats ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Nw Mediterranean

AbstractMonitoring the biodiversity of key habitats and understanding the drivers across spatial scales is essential for preserving ecosystem functions and associated services. Coralligenous reefs are threatened marine biodiversity hotspots that are challenging to monitor. As fish sounds reflect biodiversity in other habitats, we unveiled the biogeography of coralligenous reef sounds across the north-western Mediterranean using data from 27 sites covering 2000 km and 3 regions over a 3-year period. We assessed how acoustic biodiversity is related to habitat parameters and environmental status. We identified 28 putative fish sound types, which is up to four times as many as recorded in other Mediterranean habitats. 40% of these sounds are not found in other coastal habitats, thus strongly related to coralligenous reefs. Acoustic diversity differed between geographical regions. Ubiquitous sound types were identified, including sounds from top-predator species and others that were more specifically related to the presence of ecosystem engineers (red coral, gorgonians), which are key players in maintaining habitat function. The main determinants of acoustic community composition were depth and percentage coverage of coralligenous outcrops, suggesting that fish-related acoustic communities exhibit bathymetric stratification and are related to benthic reef assemblages. Multivariate analysis also revealed that acoustic communities can reflect different environmental states. This study presents the first large-scale map of acoustic fish biodiversity providing insights into the ichthyofauna that is otherwise difficult to assess because of reduced diving times. It also highlights the potential of passive acoustics in providing new aspects of the correlates of biogeographical patterns of this emblematic habitat relevant for monitoring and conservation.

scholarly journals Veterinary needs of dogs in two resource-limited communities in the Gauteng and North West provinces of South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Minnaar ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

Information on the socioeconomic aspects and the health status of dogs in 2 resource-limited communities in the North West and Gauteng provinces of South Africa was gathered using semi-structured interviews and a standardised questionnaire. The dogs were examined clinically to determine their health status, and their body condition and age were scored. Most of the dogs (93 % in Jericho and 90 % in Zuurbekom) were infected with hookworm, which poses a threat to animal and human health in the 2 study areas. Many dogs were also being given a protein-deficient diet, which together with hookworm parasites would impact considerably on the dog's health. Dogs were mainly kept for security reasons. The need indicated to be most important by the residents of the 2 commnities was a lack of available and affordable veterinary services.

Health status and lifestyle of the Oraon tea garden labourers of Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata K. Roy ◽  
Tanaya Kundu Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Tea Garden ◽  
Sufficient Food

This chapter looks at the health and lifestyle factors among tea garden labourers in West Bengal. Tea garden labourers enjoy access to some free facilities like education for children, medical facilities, piped drinking water, housing, and subsidised food. Yet they still suffer from several health problems. This might be due to insufficient or inadequately maintained facilities, poor lifestyles, or a mixture thereof. The chapter then focuses on the work environment, lifestyles, and physical health status of Oraon tea garden labourers of Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal. The results reveal that around 60 per cent of the labourers are underweight, despite reporting that they were getting sufficient food to eat. Poor hygienic practices may explain these results. Anaemia was also high for both sexes. Ultimately, the overall health condition of the labourers may be explained by the poor health lifestyles that they have adopted in response to their work environment.

scholarly journals Further spreading of the non-indigenous bryozoan Celleporaria brunnea in the Mediterranean Sea: port to port morphological variations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Ferrario ◽  
Agnese Marchini ◽  
Martina Marić ◽  
Dan Minchin ◽  
Anna Occhipinti-Ambrogi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Pacific cheilostome bryozoan Celleporaria brunnea (Hincks, 1884), a non-indigenous species already known for the Mediterranean Sea, was recorded in 2013-2014 from nine Italian port localities (Genoa, Santa Margherita Ligure, La Spezia, Leghorn, Viareggio, Olbia, Porto Rotondo, Porto Torres and Castelsardo) in the North-western Mediterranean Sea; in 2014 it was also found for the first time in the Adriatic Sea, in the marina “Kornati”, Biograd na Moru (Croatia). In Italy, specimens of C. brunnea were found in 44 out of 105 samples (48% from harbour sites ad 52% from marinas). These data confirm and update the distribution of C. brunnea in the Mediterranean Sea, and provide evidence that recreational boating is a vector responsible for the successful spread of this species. Previous literature data have shown the existence of differences in orifice and interzooidal avicularia length and width among different localities of the invaded range of C. brunnea. Therefore, measurements of orifice and avicularia were assessed for respectively 30 zooids and 8 to 30 interzooidal avicularia for both Italian and Croatian localities, and compared with literature data, in order to verify the existence of differences in the populations of C. brunnea that could reflect the geographic pattern of its invasion range. Our data show high variability of orifice measures among and within localities: zooids with broader than long orifice coexisted with others displaying longer than broad orifice, or similar values for both length and width. The morphological variation of C. brunnea in these localities, and above all the large variability of samples within single localities or even within colonies poses questions on the reliability of such morphometric characters for inter and intraspecific evaluations.

scholarly journals Factors influencing caregiver burden by dementia severity based on an online database from Seoul dementia management project in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyoung Kim ◽  
Jennifer Ivy Kim ◽  
Hae Ri Na ◽  
Kang Sook Lee ◽  
Kyung-hee Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
International Study ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Subjective Health Status ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Severity Of Dementia

Abstract Backgrounds As the prevalence of dementia rises, caregiver burden also increases in South Korea, especially for informal family caregivers. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting caregiver burden by the severity of dementia based on data of patients in Seoul. Methods A total of 12,292 individuals aged ≥65 years enrolled in the Seoul Dementia Management Project from 2010 to 2016 in an online database were selected. Caregiver’s burden was assessed using the Korea version of Zarit Burden Interview. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with primary caregiver’s burden after stratifying the severity of dementia. Results Most patients showed moderate levels of cognitive impairment (49.4%), behavior problems (82.6%), and ADL dependency (73.6%). After stratifying the severity of dementia, caregivers caring for patients with mild symptoms of dementia were experienced with higher caregiver burden if patients were under a lower score of IADL. Significant factors for caregiver burden among caregivers supporting patients with moderate symptoms of dementia include caregivers’ residence with patients, subjective health status, and co-work with secondary caregivers. Lastly, caregivers for patients with severe dementia symptoms experienced a higher caregiver burden from limited cognitive function, problematic behavior, and caregivers’ negative health status. Conclusion In terms of sample size, this study had far more patients than any other domestic or international study. It was meaningful in that it analyzed characteristics of patients with dementia and caregivers affecting the burden of caregivers in Korea. Intensive social supports with multiple coping strategies focusing on different levels of patients’ clinical symptoms and caregivers’ needs should be planned to relieve the caregiver burden.

scholarly journals HARMONIZATION OF ASEAN LAWS ON PROTECTION OF MIGRANT WORKERS AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Zainal Amin Ayub ◽  
Zuryati Mohammed Yusoof
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
New Era ◽  
Asean Country ◽  
Asean Countries

The realization of ASEAN Community 2015 opens a hope of a new era for migrant workers amongst its member countries. The hope is on the comprehensive legal protection for migrant workers against injustice as well as trafficking in the ASEAN Communities. This article aims to looks into the legal framework within few ASEAN countries that provides protection for migrant workers against injustice and human trafficking, and the available recourse to justice for them in case they become the victim of human trafficking. Malaysia becomes the case study as lesson learnt. Doctrinal methodology is adopted in this article. It is found that, in regards to protection of migrant workers, despite the establishment of ASEAN Community 2015, the laws on this regard are scattered. A few members of ASEAN Community are reluctant to embed the protection of migrant workers into their national laws. Also, it is found that ASEAN country like Malaysia has the laws at national level to curb human trafficking of migrant workers. However, though the laws seem to be comprehensive, the effectiveness of its implementation and enforcement of the laws are yet to be seen. It is suggested that the laws on protection of migrant workers to be harmonized and standardised between members of ASEAN Community and the cooperation within members of ASEAN should be enhanced at every level.

scholarly journals Lady Crabs, Ovalipes ocellatus, in the Gulf of Maine

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
J. C. A. Burchsted ◽  
Fred Burchsted
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Massachusetts Bay ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Cape Cod Bay ◽  
Continuous Range ◽  
Local Habitat

The Lady Crab (Ovalipes ocellatus), mainly found south of Cape Cod and in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, is reported from an ocean beach on the north shore of Massachusetts Bay (42°28'60"N, 70°46'20"W) in the Gulf of Maine. All previously known Gulf of Maine populations north of Cape Cod Bay are estuarine and thought to be relicts of a continuous range during the Hypsithermal. The population reported here is likely a recent local habitat expansion.

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