scholarly journals GIS-Based Urban Flood Risk Assessment and Management—A Case Study of Delhi National Capital Territory (NCT), India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12850
Author(s):  
Pallavi Tomar ◽  
Suraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Shruti Kanga ◽  
Gowhar Meraj ◽  
Nikola Kranjčić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Urban floods are very destructive and have significant socioeconomic repercussions in regions with a common flooding prevalence. Various researchers have laid down numerous approaches for analyzing the evolution of floods and their consequences. One primary goal of such approaches is to identify the areas vulnerable to floods for risk reduction and management purposes. The present paper proposes an integrated remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS), and field survey-based approach for identifying and predicting urban flood-prone areas. The work is unique in theory since the methodology proposed finds application in urban areas wherein the cause of flooding, in addition to heavy rainfall, is also the inefficient urban drainage system. The work has been carried out in Delhi’s Yamuna River National Capital Territory (NCT) area, considered one of India’s most frequently flooded urban centers, to analyze the causes of its flooding and supplement the existing forecasting models. Research is based on an integrated strategy to evaluate and map the highest flood boundary and identify the area affected along the Yamuna River NCT of Delhi. In addition to understanding the causal factors behind frequent flooding in the area, using field-based information, we developed a GIS model to help authorities to manage the floods using catchment precipitation and gauge level relationship. The identification of areas susceptible to floods shall act as an early warning tool to safeguard life and property and help authorities plan in advance for the eventuality of such an event in the study area.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Decision Method for Sustainable Watercourse Management in Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Celebrini de Oliveira Campos ◽  
Tainá da Silva Rocha Paz ◽  
Letícia Lenz ◽  
Yangzi Qiu ◽  
Camila Nascimento Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Urban Watercourse ◽  
Sustainable Investments

The rapid urban growth followed by disordered occupation has been generating significant impacts on cities, bringing losses of an economic and social nature that directly interfere with the well-being of the population. In this work, a proposal for local urban infrastructure problems associated with watercourse management is presented, comparing Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) techniques and Low-Impact Development (LID) concepts with alternative traditional interventions. The study addresses sustainable alternatives to cope with the urbanization of the Cehab’s open channel, which is an important urban watercourse tributary of the Muriaé River, at the municipality of Itaperuna, Rio de Janeiro—Brazil. The multi-criteria decision-making method called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was applied here. The results highlighted the better performance of sustainable techniques when compared to the traditional ones, with an overall advantage of the geogrids and geocells for this case study. The obtained TOPSIS coefficients-C for these techniques were higher (0.59488, for Reach 1; and 0.68656, for Reach 2) than those for the others. This research, therefore, presented an important urban watercourse management methodology that can be further applied to guide sustainable investments and help the decision-making associated with the development of territories.

Preliminary research on sponge city concept for urban flood reduction: a case study on ten sponge city pilot projects in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-985
Author(s):  
Shuxian Feng ◽  
Toshiya Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis research aimed to determine the differences and similarities in each pilot project to understand the primary design forms and concepts of sponge city concept (SCC) projects in China. It also aimed to examine ten pilot projects in Shanghai to extrapolate their main characteristics and the processes necessary for implementing SCC projects effectively.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and field survey case study were employed. Data were mostly collected through a field survey in Shanghai, focusing on both the projects and the surrounding environment. Based on these projects' examination, a comparative method was used to determine the characteristics of the ten pilot SCC projects and programs in Shanghai.FindingsSix main types of SCC projects among 30 pilot cities were classified in this research to find differences and similarities among the pilot cities. Four sponge design methods were classified into ten pilot projects. After comparing each project size using the same geographical size, three geometrical types were categorized into both existing and new city areas. SCC project characteristics could be identified by combining four methods and three geometrical types and those of the SCC programs by comparing the change in land-use and the surrounding environment in ten pilot projects.Originality/valueThe results are valuable for implementing SCC projects in China and elsewhere and future research on the impact of SCC projects.

scholarly journals How Does China’s New Consumption Era Reshape Residents’ Shopping Behaviors from the Perspective of Community in Hohhot, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7599
Author(s):  
Fangqu Niu ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
New Era ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Variable Influence ◽  
The City

In the new consumption era, the popularization and application of information technology has continuously enriched residents’ consumption channels, gradually reshaping their consumption concepts and shopping behaviors. In this paper, Hohhot is taken as a case study, using open-source big data and field survey data to theorize the characteristics and mechanism of residents’ shopping behaviors in different segments of consumers based on geography. First, communities were divided into five types according to their location and properties: main communities in urban areas (MCs), historical communities in urban areas (HCs), high-grade communities in the outskirts of the city (HGCs), mid-grade communities in urban peripheries (MGCs), and urban villages (UVs). On this basis, a structural equation model is used to explore the characteristics of residents’ shopping behaviors and their influencing mechanisms in the new consumption era. The results showed that: (1) The online shopping penetration rate of residents in UVs and HCs is lowest, and that of residents in HGC is highest. (2) The types of products purchased in online and offline shopping by different types of community show certain differences. (3) From the perspective of influencing mechanisms, residents’ characteristics directly affect their shopping behaviors and, indirectly (through the choice of community where they live and their consumption attitudes), their differences in shopping behaviors. Different properties of communities cannot directly affect residents’ shopping behaviors, but they can affect them indirectly by influencing consumption attitudes and then affect such behaviors. Typical consumption attitudes of the new era, such as shopping for luxuries and emerging consumption, have the most significant and direct influence on shopping behaviors, as well as an intermediate and variable influence.

A methodology for linking 2D overland flow models with the sewer network model SWMM 5.1 based on dynamic link libraries

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 3017-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Leandro ◽  
Ricardo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Dynamic Link Library ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Dynamic Link

Abstract Pluvial flooding in urban areas is characterized by a gradually varying inundation process caused by surcharge of the sewer manholes. Therefore urban flood models need to simulate the interaction between the sewer network and the overland flow in order to accurately predict the flood inundation extents. In this work we present a methodology for linking 2D overland flow models with the storm sewer model SWMM 5. SWMM 5 is a well-known free open-source code originally developed in 1971. The latest major release saw its structure re-written in C ++ allowing it to be compiled as a command line executable or through a series of calls made to function inside a dynamic link library (DLL). The methodology developed herein is written inside the same DLL in C + +, and is able to simulate the bi-directional interaction between both models during simulation. Validation is done in a real case study with an existing urban flood coupled model. The novelty herein is that the new methodology can be added to SWMM without the need for editing SWMM's original code. Furthermore, it is directly applicable to other coupled overland flow models aiming to use SWMM 5 as the sewer network model.

Application of Pumping Operation Models for a Drainage System

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 2416-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih Chiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Operation Model ◽  
Pumping Station ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
Rain Events

A pumping operation model has been developed in urban areas caused by the storm runoff. The Chung-Kong pumping station in New Taipei City is used as a case study, where storm and operating records are used to train and verify the model’s performance. Historical records contain information of rainfall amounts, inner water levels, and pump and gate operating records in torrential rain events. The results show that the case with lag time of 15 min gives the better forecasted pumping discharge than other cases. The proposed predicting pumping model successfully addresses the problems of forecasted pumping discharge.

scholarly journals Public Participatory Role in Urban Flood Risk Management of Ho Chi Minh City - Vietnam: From Awareness to Action

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Anh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Bao Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Garbage Disposal ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Technical Effort ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The City ◽  
Flooded Areas

Urban flooding has become a regular phenomenon in many towns and cities in the world over the past years. Flooding in urban areas in Ho Chi Minh City poses serious challenges not only by affecting large numbers of people and properties in urban areas but also directly hindering the economic growth of the city. Despite the huge technical effort to improve the city's drainage system, which is necessitated by phenomenal growth of the city and the challenges of climate change and land subsidence, it is impossible to put and end to flooding. The human factor appears an important element in the flooding problem and the efforts of flood reduction. In this study the emphasis was laid on the issue of inappropriate garbage disposal which leads to obstruction of drainage systems. As a part of a well-planned strategy an interactive survey was conducted in about 820 households in flooding areas. The survey focused on awareness and behavior of public garbage disposal of households living in flooded areas. People have an understanding of the causes of flooding, and have a sense of environmental protection, they can contribute to reducing flooding. In addition to technological solutions, community awareness, solutions for management and sanctioning are necessary.

scholarly journals Imaginarios urbanos en áreas protegidas de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
María Belén Loyza ◽  
Ignacio Mariano Azcue Vigil
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Places

Las reservas naturales dentro de las áreas urbanas brindan servicios ecosistémicos a la población y son de gran importancia para lograr la sostenibilidad urbana. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cómo estas áreas protegidas son comprendidas por los habitantes de la ciudad, tomando como caso de estudio la Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata (RNPMdP) y la Reserva Forestal Bosque Peralta Ramos (BPR), ambas pertenecientes al partido de General Pueyrredon (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Con la finalidad de recuperar aquellos imaginarios urbanos que guían las prácticas de las personas, se recurre a fuentes de información primaria y secundaria, como entrevistas en profundidad y documentos oficiales, utilizando una metodología cualitativa de investigación. El miedo asociado a la naturaleza “salvaje”, la búsqueda de control y orden, la tranquilidad de alejarse de los centros urbanos y refugiarse en lugares del periurbano y las diferentes percepciones sobre la gestión en espacios públicos y privados de naturaleza urbana son algunos de los imaginarios abordados. Tomando en cuenta los problemas de conservación que enfrentan las áreas protegidas urbanas, estudiar cómo son comprendidas es necesario para una correcta gestión ambiental urbana.   Abstract Nature reserves within urban areas provide ecosystem services to the population. They have great importance to achieve urban sustainability. The objective of this article is to analyze how these protected areas are understood by the inhabitants of the city, taking as a case study two reserves located in general Pueyrredon, Buenos Aires, Argentina: “Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata” and “Reserva Forestal Bosque Peralta Ramos”. In order to recover the urban imaginaries that guide the practices of people, the research bases on aqualitative research methodology, employing primary and secondary information sources, such as in-depth interviews and official documents. The fear associated with the “wild” nature, the search for control and order, the tranquility of moving away from urban centers and taking refuge in peri-urban places and the different perceptions about urban nature management in public and private spaces are some of the imaginary addressed. Taking into consideration the conservation problems faced by urban protected areas, it is important to study how these spaces are understood, for proper urban environmental management.

scholarly journals Predicted and Measured Concentration of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water of Areas with Increasing Anthropic Pressure: A Case Study in the Coastal Area of Central Italy

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Alessio Cardini ◽  
Elisa Pellegrino ◽  
Laura Ercoli
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Anthropic Pressure

This study investigated the occurrence of 12 pharmaceuticals (PhCs) in surface water in Central Italy, aiming to improve the estimation of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) by normalizing the loads to the number of inhabitants of the drainage system in rural, periurban, and urban areas. We performed two sampling campaigns assessing the concentration of PhCs (measured environmental concentration (MEC)) in surface water and in effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. The reliability of PEC calculated by the refined formula was assessed and compared to the ratio obtained by the unrefined formula. MECs of diclofenac, estradiol, estrone, ibuprofen, metformin, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, atenolol, carbamazepine, and dehydro-erythromycin were significantly higher in urban than in periurban and rural areas, and increases were 12-, 3600-, 256-, 33-, 18-, 120-, 10-, 5-, 2-, and 1-fold, respectively. Refinement of PEC improved estimation of PhC concentrations for all areas, especially for the urban one. The environmental risk was predicted as low for atenolol, carbamazepine, erythromycin, metformin, and naproxen; low/medium for diclofenac and ibuprofen; and high for clarithromycin, estradiol, estrone, and sulfamethoxazole. Overall, the highest risk was posed by PhCs in effluent, while a progressively decreasing risk was estimated for urban, periurban, and rural areas.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to Mega Underground Inundation and Evacuation Assuming Devastating Urban Flood

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Yutaro Nakasaka ◽  
◽  
Taisuke Ishigaki
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Evacuation Plan

In urban areas of Japan, there are numerous underground spaces, such as subways and shopping malls. These areas hold the possibility of being inundated not only above the ground but also underground when intense rainfall causes pluvial flooding. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures to anticipate urban floods. In this study, an analysis of inundation on the ground surface and underground spaces was performed, and the risk of underground inundation was evaluated using the index of safe evacuation. In addition, as one of the countermeasures against underground inundation, the effect of flood boards on inundation prevention was examined. Furthermore, the factors for improving the success rate of evacuation are discussed by simulating the evacuation of users from an underground mall during inundation. From the results, the water inflow to underground spaces was larger as rainfall was greater, and the reduction effect of flood boards on underground inundation was only temporary if the inflow to the underground mall was large. In addition, the success rate of evacuation depended on the timing of evacuation because the flooded water spread broadly and rapidly across the underground mall. These results show that users in an underground mall should move with a quick response to flash flood from high intensity rainfall and would be useful in creating a safe and prompt evacuation plan.

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