scholarly journals The Sustainability of Bison Production in North America: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13527
Author(s):  
Simon Tielkes ◽  
Brianne A. Altmann
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Large Ruminant ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Near Extinction

The American bison (Bison bison) is iconic of the Great Plains of North America, yet the genus has had to overcome near extinction in the recent past prior to being re-established for food production. This scoping review summarizes the literature on the Plains Bison as a large ruminant species adequate for modern-day meat production in order to evaluate the species’ appropriateness as a sustainable meat source and to identify knowledge gaps hindering the sustainability evaluation of bison production. To date, we can anecdotally assume that bison husbandry could contribute to sustainability based on its positive contribution to biodiversity, physiological robustness, economically higher price per kg, and nutritive values, despite their decreased growth and performance rates compared to beef cattle. However, targeted and system-based research is required in order to unequivocally assess the sustainability of bison production in North America.

13,000 years of communal bison hunting in western North America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Speth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Fall

For the past 13,000 years Indians in the North American Great Plains hunted bison (Bison bison and B. antiquus) in large communally organized drive operations. This chapter briefly describes the taxonomy of fossil and living bison, the behaviour of modern bison, and what is known from ethnohistoric and archaeological sources about the ways that Indians conducted these drives, including the use of foot surrounds, cliff jumps, arroyo traps, and pounds (corrals). The chapter concludes by considering whether such drives were conducted annually in the late fall and/or early winter as a means of winter provisioning; or instead were conducted periodically, but not necessarily annually, and at many different times of year, as a socio-political mechanism for integrating otherwise widely dispersed and highly mobile hunting bands.

The 14th Annual AMSE Conference

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Mozaffar Partowmah
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Electronic Engineering ◽  
Student Paper ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sizable Number

The 14th Annual Conferknce of the Association of Muslim Scientistsand Engineers (ASME) was held during the weekend of qufur 2628,1409/0ctober 7-9, 1988, at the Islamic Center of North America in Plainfield,Indiana. Papers presented at the Conference dealt with a variety of subjectsranging from agriculture and health sciences to car manufacturing tips,computers, industrial, civil and electronic engineering, as well as resourcemanagement and organizational behavior.Members of the AMSS (Association of Muslim Social Scientists) whoattended the AMSE Conference, participated in the sessions with undividedattention. Dr. AbdulHamid AbuSulayman, the AMSS President, in his banquetspeech, stressed the need for an active AMSE that will eventually attracta more sizable number of Muslims in North America and coordinate theirscientific efforts for their common benefit.In a session entitled “Technology Transfer,” the Japanese and Koreanapproaches were contrasted with the Muslim world approach. A highlightof the Conference was the announcement of the A1 Khwarazmi Award thatthe AMSE will award annually to a distinguished Muslim scientist or engineer.The first Al Khwarazmi Award went to Dr. M.A.K. Lodhi of Texas A&MUniversity in appreciation of his continuous support for Muslim studentsand his long-time involvement in the AMSE in addition to his scientific interestand achievements in nuclear physics and field theory.The Best Student Paper Award went to the following: 1) Abdullah M.Elramsisi of Rochester Hill, Michigan for his paper “On Model-based ImageRestoration and Performance Evaluation;” and 2) Khatib Rajab of Morgantown,West Virginia for his paper on “Agricultural Research Needs and Prioritiesin Zanzibar as perceived by Administrators and Extension Workers.”Copies of all of the presented papers were distributed at the Conferenceand will be ppblished in the conference proceedings. Preprints and reprintsmay be obtained by writing to the AMSE office at P.O. Box 38, Plainfield,Indianna, 46168 ...

scholarly journals Role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040922
Author(s):  
Bethany Villas ◽  
Uira Duarte Wisnesky ◽  
Sandra Campbell ◽  
Lauren Slavik ◽  
Amynah S. Mevawala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses

Review question/objectiveThe purpose of this proposed review is twofold: first, to understand the role of occupational therapy presented in the musicians’ health literature; and second, to explore the potential for this role.IntroductionThe intense movement, awkward postures, concentration and emotional communication required of musicians can place them at increased risk of music-related health conditions, such as musculoskeletal disorders and performance anxiety. The development of music-related health conditions can be emotionally and financially devastating. The role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health has been previously discussed; however, no rigorous reviews of the scholarly literature have been published. We will, therefore, undertake a scoping review with the following research questions: (1) what is known about the role of occupational therapy in instrumental musicians’ health? and (2) what is the potential role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health?Methods and analysisA preliminary search of Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science was previously undertaken by the first author to determine the extent of the research on this topic and to confirm that no other reviews have been conducted or are in progress. Study selection and analysis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for conducting a scoping review.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required at our institution for a review of published literature. The results of this review will be shared through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and traditional and social media.

Influence of the perceived size of a light source on non-visual effects in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Arvid Niemeyer ◽  
Lucia Rottmair ◽  
Cornelius Neumann ◽  
Cornelius Möckel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Measurement Point ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Light Measurement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractLight not only enables humans to perceive their surroundings, but also influences their sleep–wake cycle, mood, concentration and performance. Targeted use of these so called nonvisual effects could also have a positive contribution in automobiles by keeping passengers alert, minimizing error rates or bootsting attention in general. Since construction space in vehicle interios is scarce, this study compared the influence of differently-sized light panels and thus solid angles on nonvisual effects. In a counterbalanced order, 32 volunteers were exposed to three lighting conditions in the morning: baseline (12 lx, 2200 K), small (200 lx, 6500 K, 0.05 sr) and large (200 lx, 6500 K, 0.44 sr). During each session of 60 min, alertness, concentration and working memory were assessed before and during light exposure. After data analysis no significant main effects of light, measurement point or interaction between light and measurement point could be seen.

The Neogene transition from C3 to C4 grasslands in North America: assemblage analysis of fossil phytoliths

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. E. Strömberg ◽  
Francesca A. McInerney
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Isotopic Records

The rapid ecological expansion of grasses with C4 photosynthesis at the end of the Neogene (8–2 Ma) is well documented in the fossil record of stable carbon isotopes. As one of the most profound vegetation changes to occur in recent geologic time, it paved the way for modern tropical grassland ecosystems. Changes in CO2 levels, seasonality, aridity, herbivory, and fire regime have all been suggested as potential triggers for this broadly synchronous change, long after the evolutionary origin of the C4 pathway in grasses. To date, these hypotheses have suffered from a lack of direct evidence for floral composition and structure during this important transition. This study aimed to remedy the problem by providing the first direct, relatively continuous record of vegetation change for the Great Plains of North America for the critical interval (ca. 12–2 Ma) using plant silica (phytolith) assemblages.Phytoliths were extracted from late Miocene-Pliocene paleosols in Nebraska and Kansas. Quantitative phytolith analysis of the 14 best-preserved assemblages indicates that habitats varied substantially in openness during the middle to late Miocene but became more uniformly open, corresponding to relatively open grassland or savanna, during the late Miocene and early Pliocene. Phytolith data also point to a marked increase of grass short cells typical of chloridoid and other potentially C4 grasses of the PACMAD clade between 8 and 5 Ma; these data suggest that the proportion of these grasses reached up to ∼50–60% of grasses, resulting in mixed C3-C4 and highly heterogeneous grassland communities by 5.5 Ma. This scenario is consistent with interpretations of isotopic records from paleosol carbonates and ungulate tooth enamel. The rise in abundance of chloridoids, which were present in the central Great Plains since the early Miocene, demonstrates that the “globally” observed lag between C4 grass evolution/taxonomic diversification and ecological expansion occurred at the regional scale. These patterns of vegetation alteration imply that environmental change during the late Miocene-Pliocene played a major role in the C3-C4 shift in the Great Plains. Specifically, the importance of chloridoids as well as a decline in the relative abundance of forest indicator taxa, including palms, point to climatic drying as a key trigger for C4 dominance.

scholarly journals Fire dynamics distinguish grasslands, shrublands and woodlands as alternative attractors in the Central Great Plains of North America

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1374-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zak Ratajczak ◽  
Jesse B. Nippert ◽  
John M. Briggs ◽  
John M. Blair
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Fire Dynamics

scholarly journals Accuracy and performance of low-feature GPS collars deployed on bison Bison bison and caribou Rangifer tarandus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Jung ◽  
Troy M. Hegel ◽  
Torsten W. Bentzen ◽  
Katherina Egli ◽  
Lars Jessup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
And Performance

Invasive Cereal Aphids of North America: Ecology and Pest Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Brewer ◽  
Frank B. Peairs ◽  
Norman C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Aphid invasions of North American cereal crops generally have started with colonization of a new region or crop, followed by range expansion and outbreaks that vary in frequency and scale owing to geographically variable influences. To improve understanding of this process and management, we compare the invasion ecology of and management response to three cereal aphids: sugarcane aphid, Russian wheat aphid, and greenbug. The region exploited is determined primarily by climate and host plant availability. Once an area is permanently or annually colonized, outbreak intensity is also affected by natural enemies and managed inputs, such as aphid-resistant cultivars and insecticides. Over time, increases in natural enemy abundance and diversity, improved compatibility among management tactics, and limited threshold-based insecticide use have likely increased resilience of aphid regulation. Application of pest management foundational practices followed by a focus on compatible strategies are relevant worldwide. Area-wide pest management is most appropriate to large-scale cereal production systems, as exemplified in the Great Plains of North America.

She Died for Love and He for Glory: Gender Myths of Suicidal Behavior

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Sara Canetto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
North America ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
And Performance

Epidemiological studies have long reported that, in North America, patterns of suicidal behavior differ by gender: women “attempt” suicide; men “complete” suicide. Theories of suicidal behavior also differ according to gender. Traditionally, women are said to be suicidal for love; men, for pride and performance. Are these gender differences “real?” Are women's attempts “failed” suicides? Do suicidal men “succeed” when they kill themselves? Is women's self-definition dependent on love? Is men's dependent on performance? Evidence currently available does not support traditional theories of gender and suicidal behavior. As culturally shared assumptions, however, traditional theories may influence the suicidal choices of women and men, as well as the assumptions and research methods of suicidologists.

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