scholarly journals Decoding Emergency Settlement through Quantitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13586
Author(s):  
Abdon Dantas ◽  
David Banh ◽  
Philip Heywood ◽  
Miguel Amado
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The World ◽  
Depth Scale ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Bare Minimum

By the end of 2020, more than 80 million people were forcibly displaced around the world; this represents about one percent of the global population. Many of the displaced found shelter in emergency settlements; whether in refugee camps, IDP camps or community settlements. Some of these settlements are transitory, while others have been consolidated into permanent habitats; some span the size of a city, while others are the size of a village; some are well structured, while others provide only the bare minimum needed by residents. Notwithstanding these variations, there is still a lack of understanding of the range, depth, scale, and scope of these settlements. There is also a need for comparative analysis between different types of emergency settlements, as they are still generalized as temporary encampments. The aim of the study is to identify the distinctiveness of each type of emergency settlement to demonstrate that one strategy for their planning and management will not fit all. It does so by reviewing the criteria for analyzing emergency settlements around the world by using a quantitative analysis methodology on a set of variables considered relevant for the characterization of each typology based on a set of 500 cases. The results indicate that each type of emergency settlement has different characteristics and topology, and identify which variables, being identical, influence each typology differently. The article also discusses the basis for better-informed decision-making about the medium and long-term policies applicable to individual settlements.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of Phenylacetaldehyde Dehydrogenases from Styrene-degrading Soil Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Zimmerling ◽  
Michel Oelschlägel ◽  
Carolin Großmann ◽  
Matthias Voitel ◽  
Michael Schlömann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract Four phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenases (designated as FeaB or StyD) originating from styrene-degrading soil bacteria were biochemically investigated. In this study, we focused on the Michaelis-Menten kinetics towards the presumed native substrate phenylacetaldehyde and the obviously preferred co-substrate NAD+. Furthermore, the substrate specificity on four substituted phenylacetaldehydes and the co-substrate preference were studied. Moreover, these enzymes were characterized with respect to their temperature as well as long-term stability. Since aldehyde dehydrogenases are known to show often dehydrogenase as well as esterase activity, we tested this capacity, too. Almost all results showed clearly different characteristics between the FeaB and StyD enzymes. Furthermore, FeaB from Sphingopyxis fribergensis Kp5.2 turned out to be the most active enzyme with an apparent specific activity of 17.8 ± 2.1 U mg-1. Compared with that, both StyDs showed only activities less than 0.2 U mg-1 except the overwhelming esterase activity of StyD-CWB2 (1.4 ± 0.1 U mg-1). The clustering of both FeaB and StyD enzymes with respect to their characteristics could also be mirrored in the phylogenetic analysis of twelve dehydrogenases originating from different soil bacteria.

Refugee Debates in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-184
Author(s):  
Lamis Elmy Abdelaaty
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Qualitative Interpretation ◽  
The World

To examine the mechanisms that shape asylum policy at a more fine-grained level, chapter 6 expands the analysis to cross-cutting pressures within the Kenyan parliament. Kenya is often considered a “crucial” case: it hosts one of the largest refugee populations in the world; it is home one of to the largest refugee camps in the world; and it is the site of a grave, protracted refugee situation. Unlike previous work on refugees in Kenya, this chapter zooms in on parliamentary debates. Qualitative interpretation and quantitative analysis of statements about refugees show that these differ substantially, depending on whether they are being delivered by members of the foreign policy establishment or parliamentarians who represent domestic constituencies. The evidence presented in this chapter further bolsters the argument that asylum policy is indeed shaped by foreign policy and ethnic politics.

scholarly journals Characterization of Discounting Words as Powerful Factors in Determining the Quality of Cooperation Within a Working Team

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beti Andonovic ◽  
Stanislav Petkovski
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Team Communication ◽  
High Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Abstract: Optimal team communication and long-term cooperation depend on several various categories of factors. One of the factors that may point to efficiency decline within the cooperation is the presence of abusive words (labelling) which are named as discounting words by authors. They represent verbal aggression and are type of condensed metaphors that reflect people’s view of the world around them. Since any communication units that disrupt the good teamwork are of a high interest to any quality manager, there is characterization of the discounting words given. There is a certain correlation between the one who gives the discounting words and the one who receives them. There is also a chart of some of the discounting words given and conclusions included.

scholarly journals Mental health in Somalia

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Syed Sheriff ◽  
Massimiliano Reggi ◽  
Abdirizak Mohamed ◽  
Farhan Haibe ◽  
Susannah Whitwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

Somalia, in the Horn of Africa, suffers violence, political instability and high mortality rates. The recent major drought in Somalia led to what was termed the worst humanitarian disaster in the world. In July 2011 it was reported that nearly 60 000 people had entered into Kenya from Somalia already that year, including 1300 new arrivals every day to the Dadaab refugee camp, described as ‘the largest, most congested and one of the most remote refugee camps in the world’ (see http://www.unhcr.org/4e204b1e9.html). The drought along with mass migration into such poor conditions are likely to have significant short- and long-term mental health consequences for the populations involved.

Characterization of Human Osteoclasts on Different Bioceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Miho Nakamura ◽  
Teuvo Hentunen ◽  
Jukka Vääräniemi ◽  
Jukka Salonen ◽  
Naoko Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Peripheral Mononuclear Blood ◽  
Implant Restoration ◽  
Actin Rings ◽  
Human Osteoclasts

@font-face { font-family: "ＭＳ 明朝"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria Math"; }@font-face { font-family: "@ＭＳ 明朝"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0mm 0mm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }.MsoChpDefault { font-size: 10pt; }div.WordSection1 { page: WordSection1; } Bioresorbable materials may be advantageous for use in bone regeneration applications because they do not leave residues of foreign material, improving the long-term success of implant restoration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteoclastogenesis and bioresorption of synthesized calcium phosphate ceramic materials for orthopaedic and dental biomaterial applications. Differentiation into mature human osteoclasts on carbonated hydroxyapatite (CA) was significantly enhanced compared to hydroxyapatite (HA). Osteoclasts derived from human peripheral mononuclear blood cells adhered and differentiated into giant multinuclear TRAP- positive cells on every type of synthesized sample based on the histological analysis. Morphological observations using fluorescence and quantitative analysis revealed that the actin rings of osteoclasts on CA were thick and small in diameter, similar to the rings found on bone slices. Scanning electron microscopic images and quantitative analysis indicated that the resorption pits on CA were significantly deeper than those on HA due to the enhanced tight sealing ability between osteoclasts and their substrate.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Coal's Persistence in the Capitalist World-Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Gellert ◽  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

Predominant analyses of energy offer insufficient theoretical and political-economic insight into the persistence of coal and other fossil fuels. The dominant narrative of coal powering the Industrial Revolution, and Great Britain's world dominance in the nineteenth century giving way to a U.S.- and oil-dominated twentieth century, is marred by teleological assumptions. The key assumption that a complete energy “transition” will occur leads some to conceive of a renewable-energy-dominated twenty-first century led by China. After critiquing the teleological assumptions of modernization, ecological modernization, energetics, and even world-systems analysis of energy “transition,” this paper offers a world-systems perspective on the “raw” materialism of coal. Examining the material characteristics of coal and the unequal structure of the world-economy, the paper uses long-term data from governmental and private sources to reveal the lack of transition as new sources of energy are added. The increases in coal consumption in China and India as they have ascended in the capitalist world-economy have more than offset the leveling-off and decline in some core nations. A true global peak and decline (let alone full substitution) in energy generally and coal specifically has never happened. The future need not repeat the past, but technical, policy, and movement approaches will not get far without addressing the structural imperatives of capitalist growth and the uneven power structures and processes of long-term change of the world-system.

Covid-19 and Mining industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kondratiev
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Commodity Demand ◽  
Long Term Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the commodity markets and mining industry around the world in different ways. Mining company’s operations have been hit by coronavirus outbreaks and government-mandated production stops. Demand for many commodities remains low. This paper examines the potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future commodity demand, mining prospects, as well as tactical and strategic steps by mining companies to overcome the current crisis quickly and effectively.

Unmaking and Remaking the World in Long-Term Solitary Confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lisa Guenther
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Civil Death

In The Body in Pain, Elaine Scarry analyzes the structure of torture as an unmaking of the world in which the tools that ought to support a person’s embodied capacities are used as weapons to break them down. The Security Housing Unit (SHU) of California’s Pelican Bay State Prison functions as a weaponized architecture of torture in precisely this sense; but in recent years, prisoners in the Pelican Bay Short Corridor have re-purposed this weaponized architecture as a tool for remaking the world through collective resistance. This resistance took the form of a hunger strike in which prisoners exposed themselves to the possibility of biological death in order to contest the social and civil death of solitary confinement. By collectively refusing food, and by articulating the meaning and motivation of this refusal in articles, interviews, artwork, and legal documents, prisoners reclaimed and expanded their perceptual, cognitive, and expressive capacities for world-making, even in a space of systematic torture.

Engineering for good: A case of community driven engineering innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinweike Eseonu ◽  
Martin A Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Engineering Curriculum ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Consideration

There is a culture of disengagement from social consideration in engineering disciplines. This means that first year engineering students, who arrive planning to change the world through engineering, lose this passion as they progress through the engineering curriculum. The community driven technology innovation and investment program described in this paper is an attempt to reverse this trend by fusing community engagement with the normal engineering design process. This approach differs from existing project or trip based approaches – outreach – because the focus is on local communities with which the university team forms a long-term partnership through weekly in-person meetings and community driven problem statements – engagement.

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