scholarly journals A Way to Europe: New Refugees’ Migration Patterns Revealed

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Ioana Manafi ◽  
Monica Roman
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
The Eu

The final destination country for refugees heading to Europe may be a changing one depending on various factors, such as the relocation program at the EU level, their ability to make decisions, geographic factors, finances, available routes, visa options, networks, chance, labor markets, etc., but for many of them their choices are limited. The purpose of this paper is to show how refugees select their destination countries, by looking at similarities across European countries. We aim to explain how country-specific factors may relate to the magnitude of migration flows, employing cluster and network analysis, and connecting meso- and macro-levels. The variables considered in our analysis fall under the four types of factors for host countries described by Van Hear, Bakewell, and Long (2012). Our analysis reveals that host countries in Europe can be grouped into four clusters: (i) Top Destination Economically Performing Countries; (ii) Emergent Destination Countries; (iii) Periphery and Less Economically Performing Countries; and (iv) Outlier Countries.

Migration Governance at the State Level: Policy Developments and Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Marc Helbling
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
State Level ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Family Reunion ◽  
Environmental Migration ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu

This chapter presents insights into the migration governance of host countries and its effects on immigration flows by drawing on the Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) dataset. The IMPIC dataset allows to fill a big gap in the literature and to take a closer look at how migration policies have developed over the last decades. The author argues that the immigration policies of OECD countries vary in terms of how liberal or restrictive they are. Between 1980 and 2010 immigration policies on family reunion, labor migration, and asylum have become more liberal. However, the control of these policies has become more restrictive, especially in the EU. Policies are more effective for migrant flows from countries with the same colonial heritage. The author analyzes migration flows in general and argues that while it is not yet possible to study environmental migration separately, it should follow the same pattern.

Price interrelationships in the EU cow milk markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Fousekis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Price Dynamics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
The Eu

This work evaluates the integration of cow milk markets in the European Union (EU) using monthly wholesale prices from 16 member states over 2003 to 2017 and rank-based cointegration techniques. The empirical results suggest that the degree of spatial market integration is high since the prices in 13 of the 16 national markets move to a large extent in sync with the average EU price for cow milk. Exceptions are the prices in Poland, Portugal and Lithuania. It appears that the differences in price dynamics may be associated with the time of accession to the EU, with Eurozone membership and with country-specific factors such as the availability of substitute commodities.

scholarly journals Network Analysis of Internal Migration in Austria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Pitoski ◽  
Thomas Lampoltshammer ◽  
Peter Parycek
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
First Time

Human migration, and urbanization as its direct consequence, are among the crucial topics in regional and national governance. People?s migration and mobility flows make a network structure, with large cities acting as hubs, and smaller settlements as spokes. The essential method by which these phenomena can be analysed comprehensively is network analysis. With this study we, first, contribute to capacity building regarding the analysis of internal (national) migration data, by providing a set of network indicators, models, and visualisations tested and argued for in terms of applicability and interpretability for analysing migration. Second, we contribute to the understanding of the shape and scale of the phenomenon of internal migration, in particular towards urbanisation and mobility flows between human settlements (i.e. cities, towns and villages). Third, in the work we demonstrate the utility of our approach on the example of internal migration flows in Austria on the settlement level, and provide a longitudinal analysis for the period of 2002-2018. This is the first time that the key traits of a network of internal migration are identified for a European country, which, when accompanied by additional country analyses, has the potential to reveal the migration patterns in the region and beyond.

A Comparison of Ukrainian Labor Migration in the Czech Republic and Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Prát ◽  
Thu Minh Bui
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Institutional Failure ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

The process of migration has been the subject of extensive debates throughout Europe. Migration patterns are constantly changing in our current globalized economy; therefore, it is insufficient to assume that countries sharing cultural, geographical, and linguistic similarities experience synchronised migration flows. This article attempts to contribute to the understanding of one of the most dominant migration streams from Eastern Europe, specifically the movement from Ukraine to the Czech Republic and Poland. The period of interest follows the accession of the destination countries into the EU between 2004 and 2014. The results show that Ukraine suffers from much worse economic and social conditions than Poland and the Czech Republic. GDP growth, unemployment, and the poverty rate are three important indicators that explain why there has been such a large influx of Ukrainians into the host countries. While educational attainment was also massively deficient in Ukraine, it appears this is a reflection of the institutional failure of the Ukrainian education system, thus leading to the education–occupation mismatch of Ukrainian migrant workers. Despite the fact that Poland and the Czech Republic are linguistically, culturally, and geographically close, the immigration flow from Ukraine has behaved very differently in each case; for instance, the most notable contrast reveals that migration to the Czech Republic, but not to Poland, was substantially affected by economic crises.

Asylum Applications and Migration Flows

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouch Missirian ◽  
Wolfram Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
The Eu

We discuss an underutilized dataset to examine the causes of migration. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees publishes annual binational asylum applications and the resulting decisions. Asylum is granted to protect individuals from persecution. They are a small part of overall migration patterns: one-tenth of overall migration flows into OECD countries. The European Union receives the largest share of asylum applicants and has a low acceptance rate, but the rate increases when source countries have positive deviations from historic trends. Countries outside the EU and OECD receive almost all of the applications from neighbors with a contiguous land border.

scholarly journals Reinforcing Migrants’ Rights? The EU’s Migration and Development Policy Under Review

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Eisele
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
European Level ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
Migration And Development ◽  
The Eu

This article critically discusses the role and place of migrants’ rights in the EU’s evolving migration and development policy under the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) pursued by the EU.1 The GAMM, which aims to govern migration flows from outside of the EU more effectively, incorporates the field of migration and development as one of four pillars. Only in November of 2011, however, the human rights of migrants were explicitly acknowledged as a cross-cutting theme within the GAMM, which before paid little attention – not to say neglected – the protection of such rights. This contribution analyses how the linkage between migration and development evolved on the international and European level, highlights the EU’s interests in such a policy, and explains the pitfalls of disregarding the protection of migrants’ rights in this context. The article argues that the ‘development burden’ should not be placed on immigrant populations without guaranteeing their secure legal status in the host countries.

Common Visa Policy: Bordering from Abroad—Applying Admission Criteria before Departure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Moreno-Lax
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Visa Policy ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

Visas are specifically aimed at controlling admission at the stage of pre-departure and constitute one of the essential requirements for entry under the Schengen Borders Code. This chapter examines the common policy of the EU, conceptualizing them as pre-authorizations of entry granted before arrival in the territory of the Member States. Visa requirements, as introduced in the Visa Regulation, are perused at the outset, taking account of periodic revisions of the visa lists and the criteria for amendment considered relevant by the EU legislator. The key features of the uniform visa format and the Visa Information System (VIS) are briefly presented, highlighting their contribution to the securitisation of migration flows. Then, the visa issuing procedure, as governed by the Community Code on Visas (CCV), is examined. The final section is reserved to the analysis of the implications of the different components of the policy regarding access to asylum in the Member States.

scholarly journals Are Poland and Ukraine Gravity Centres for Each Other? Study on the Labour Migration Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz E. Sokołowicz ◽  
Ihor Lishchynskyy
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Flows

The paper consists of three parts. It starts with an introduction followed, by theoretical backgrounds of migration, outlining its main types and models. The next parts highlight the volume, directions and structure of migration flows for Ukraine and Poland. The evolution of the Ukraine-Poland migration channel and its mutual effect on the economies of both countries is highlighted in the final part.

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