scholarly journals Efficient Edge-Cloud Publish/Subscribe Broker Overlay Networks to Support Latency-Sensitive Wide-Scale IoT Applications

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Van-Nam Pham ◽  
VanDung Nguyen ◽  
Tri D. T. Nguyen ◽  
Eui-Nam Huh
Keyword(s):  
Overlay Networks ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Storage

Computing services for the Internet-of-Things (IoT) play a vital role for widespread IoT deployment. A hierarchy of Edge-Cloud publish/subscribe (pub/sub) broker overlay networks that support latency-sensitive IoT applications in a scalable manner is introduced. In addition, we design algorithms to cluster edge pub/sub brokers based on topic similarities and geolocations to enhance data dissemination among end-to-end IoT devices. The proposed model is designed to provide low delay data dissemination and effectively save network traffic among brokers. In the proposed model, IoT devices running pub/sub client applications periodically send collected data, organized as a hierarchy of topics, to their closest edge pub/sub brokers. Then, the data are processed/analyzed at edge nodes to make controlling decisions promptly replying to the IoT devices and/or aggregated for further delivery to other interested edge brokers or to cloud brokers for long-term processing, analysis, and storage. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposal achieves the best data delivery latency compared to two baseline schemes, a classical Cloud-based pub/sub scheme and an Edge-Cloud pub/sub scheme. Considering the similar Edge-Cloud technique, the proposed scheme outperforms PubSubCoord-alike in terms of relay traffic ratio among brokers. Therefore, our proposal can adapt well to support wide-scale latency-sensitive IoT applications.

Fog Computing: A Primer

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Matthew N. O. Sadiku ◽  
Mahamadou Tembely ◽  
Sarhan M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Real Time Computing ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Ideal

Fog computing (FC) was proposed in 2012 by Cisco as the ideal computing model for providing real-time computing services and storage to support the resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Thus, FC may be regarded as the convergence of the IoT and the Cloud, combining the data-centric IoT services and pay-as-you-go characteristics of clouds.  This paper provides a brief introduction of fog computing.

scholarly journals Efficient Solution for Large-Scale IoT Applications with Proactive Edge-Cloud Publish/Subscribe Brokers Clustering

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8232
Author(s):  
Van-Nam Pham ◽  
Ga-Won Lee ◽  
VanDung Nguyen ◽  
Eui-Nam Huh
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
High Scalability ◽  
Iot Devices

Large-scale IoT applications with dozens of thousands of geo-distributed IoT devices creating enormous volumes of data pose a big challenge for designing communication systems that provide data delivery with low latency and high scalability. In this paper, we investigate a hierarchical Edge-Cloud publish/subscribe brokers model using an efficient two-tier routing scheme to alleviate these issues when transmitting event notifications in wide-scale IoT systems. In this model, IoT devices take advantage of proximate edge brokers strategically deployed in edge networks for data delivery services in order to reduce latency. To deliver data more efficiently, we propose a proactive mechanism that applies collaborative filtering techniques to efficiently cluster edge brokers with geographic proximity that publish and/or subscribe to similar topics. This allows brokers in the same cluster to exchange data directly with each other to further reduce data delivery latency. In addition, we devise a coordinative scheme to help brokers discover and bridge similar topic channels in the whole system, informing other brokers for data delivery in an efficient manner. Extensive simulation results prove that our model can adeptly support event notifications in terms of low latency, small amounts of relay traffic, and high scalability for large-scale, delay-sensitive IoT applications. Specifically, in comparison with other similar Edge-Cloud approaches, our proposal achieves the best in terms of relay traffic among brokers, about 7.77% on average. In addition, our model’s average delivery latency is approximately 66% of PubSubCoord-alike’s one.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Multi-Blockchain Architecture for Scalable Internet of Things Environment

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustus Eko Oktian ◽  
Sang-Gon Lee ◽  
Hoon Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Internet Of Things Environment ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Scalable Internet

Many researchers challenge the possibility of using blockchain and smart contracts to disrupt the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture because of their security and decentralization guarantees. However, the state-of-the-art blockchain architecture is not scalable enough to satisfy the requirements of massive data traffics in the IoT environment. The main reason for this issue is one needs to choose the consensus trade-off between either coping with a high throughput or a high number of nodes. Consequently, this issue prevents the applicability of blockchain for IoT use cases. In this paper, we propose a scalable two-tiered hierarchical blockchain architecture for IoT. The first tier is a Core Engine, which is based on a Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus to cope with a high throughput, that supervises the underlying subordinate engines (sub-engines) as its second tier. This second tier comprises of the Payment, Compute, and Storage Engine, respectively. We can deploy multiple instances of these sub-engines as many as we need and as local as possible near to the IoT domains, where IoT devices reside, to cope with a high number of nodes. Furthermore, to further extend the scalability of the proposed architecture, we also provide additional scalability features on the Core Engine such as request aggregation, request prioritization, as well as sub-engine parallelism. We implement all of our engines and expose them to IoT applications through the Engine APIs. With these APIs, developers can build and run IoT applications in our architecture. Our evaluation results show that our proposed features on the Core Engine can indeed enhance the overall performance of our architecture. Moreover, based on our proof-of-concept IoT car rental application, we also show that the interoperability between sub-engines through the Core Engine is possible, even when the particular sub-engine is under sub-engine parallelism.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analyzing Offloading Strategies of IoT Applications over Edge Computing and Joint Clouds

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Jaber Almutairi ◽  
Mohammad Aldossary
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Service Architecture ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Task Offloading

Internet of Things (IoT) is swiftly evolving into a disruptive technology in recent years. For enhancing customer experience and accelerating job execution, IoT task offloading enables mobile end devices to release heavy computation and storage to the resource-rich nodes in collaborative Edges or Clouds. However, how different service architecture and offloading strategies quantitatively impact the end-to-end performance of IoT applications is still far from known particularly given a dynamic and unpredictable assortment of interconnected virtual and physical devices. This paper exploits potential network performance that manifests within the edge-cloud environment, then investigates and compares the impacts of two types of architectures: Loosely-Coupled (LC) and Orchestrator-Enabled (OE). Further, it introduces three customized offloading strategies in order to handle various requirements for IoT latency-sensitive applications. Through comparative experiments, we observed that the computational requirements exerts more influence on the IoT application’s performance compared to the communication requirement. However, when the system scales up to accommodate more IoT devices, communication bandwidth will turn to be the dominant resource and becomes the essential factor that will directly impact the overall performance. Thus, orchestration is a necessary procedure to encompass optimized solutions under different constraints for optimal offloading placement.

scholarly journals Edge-Computing Architectures for Internet of Things Applications: A Survey

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salam Hamdan ◽  
Moussa Ayyash ◽  
Sufyan Almajali
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Life Tasks ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
And Storage

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications and their interference with our daily life tasks have led to a large number of IoT devices and enormous sizes of IoT-generated data. The resources of IoT devices are limited; therefore, the processing and storing IoT data in these devices are inefficient. Traditional cloud-computing resources are used to partially handle some of the IoT resource-limitation issues; however, using the resources in cloud centers leads to other issues, such as latency in time-critical IoT applications. Therefore, edge-cloud-computing technology has recently evolved. This technology allows for data processing and storage at the edge of the network. This paper studies, in-depth, edge-computing architectures for IoT (ECAs-IoT), and then classifies them according to different factors such as data placement, orchestration services, security, and big data. Besides, the paper studies each architecture in depth and compares them according to various features. Additionally, ECAs-IoT is mapped according to two existing IoT layered models, which helps in identifying the capabilities, features, and gaps of every architecture. Moreover, the paper presents the most important limitations of existing ECAs-IoT and recommends solutions to them. Furthermore, this survey details the IoT applications in the edge-computing domain. Lastly, the paper recommends four different scenarios for using ECAs-IoT by IoT applications.

scholarly journals Internet of Things (IoT) Cloud Platform Using MQTT End-to-Cloud Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
Fariz Andri Bakhtiar ◽  
Moh. Wildan Habibi ◽  
Adhitya Bhawiyuga ◽  
Achmad Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Cloud Architecture ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Storage

IoT devices are constrained in computation and storage, therefore cannot store all long-term obtained data or perform complex computations. Shifting those jobs to cloud platform are feasible, yet rising heterogeneity and security issues. This study proposes an IoT cloud platform to facilitate communication among heterogeneous devices and the cloud while ensuring devices’ validity. It uses publish/subscribe paradigm with an end-to-cloud architecture and HTTP-based auth server. The proposed system has successfully addressed heterogeneity and security issues. Performance tests conclude that the fewer publishers publish data simultaneously, the smaller the delay. Moreover, the system performs better at up to 250 publishers as the average delay is under 1000 ms, compared to 500 publishers that has average delay above 1000 ms. On its scalability, in 250-concurrent-publishers experiment, the system affords 191 publishers responded in under one second with 100% success rate. In 500-concurrent-publishers one, 187 responded in under one second with 99% rate.

scholarly journals Genetic Information Insecurity as State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett J. Schumacher ◽  
Sterling Sawaya ◽  
Demetrius Nelson ◽  
Aaron J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
And Storage

Genetic information is being generated at an increasingly rapid pace, offering advances in science and medicine that are paralleled only by the threats and risk present within the responsible systems. Human genetic information is identifiable and contains sensitive information, but genetic information security is only recently gaining attention. Genetic data is generated in an evolving and distributed cyber-physical system, with multiple subsystems that handle information and multiple partners that rely and influence the whole ecosystem. This paper characterizes a general genetic information system from the point of biological material collection through long-term data sharing, storage and application in the security context. While all biotechnology stakeholders and ecosystems are valuable assets to the bioeconomy, genetic information systems are particularly vulnerable with great potential for harm and misuse. The security of post-analysis phases of data dissemination and storage have been focused on by others, but the security of wet and dry laboratories is also challenging due to distributed devices and systems that are not designed nor implemented with security in mind. Consequently, industry standards and best operational practices threaten the security of genetic information systems. Extensive development of laboratory security will be required to realize the potential of this emerging field while protecting the bioeconomy and all of its stakeholders.

Connecting Crop Nutrient Use Efficiency to Future Soil Productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Fernando García ◽  
Andrés Grasso ◽  
María González Sanjuan ◽  
Adrián Correndo ◽  
Fernando Salvagiotti
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency

Trends over the past 25 years indicate that Argentina’s growth in its grain crop productivity has largely been supported by the depletion of the extensive fertility of its Pampean soils. Long-term research provides insight into sustainable nutrient management strategies ready for wide-scale adoption.

A Circular Business Model for Cloud Computing Services Providers

10.31355/33 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Hamed Motaghi ◽  
Saeed Nosratabadi ◽  
Thabit Qasem Atobishi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cloud Computing Service

NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................. The main objective of the current study is to develop a business model for service providers of cloud computing which is designed based on circular economy principles and can ensure the sustainable consumption. Background Even though the demand for cloud computing technology is increasing day by day in all over the world, the current the linear economy principles are incapable to ensure society development needs. To consider the benefit of the society and the vendors at the same time, the principles of circular economy can address this issue. Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................................. An extensive literature review on consumption, sustainable consumption, circular economic, business model, and cloud computing were conducted. the proposed model of Osterwalder, Pigneur and Tucci (2005) is admitted designing the circular business model. Contribution................................................................................................................................................................................................. The proposed model of the study is the contribution of this study where provides the guidelines for the cloud computing service providers to achieve both their economic profits and the society’ needs. Findings Finding reveals that if the cloud computing service providers design their business model based on the “access” principle of circular economy, they can meet their economic profits and the society’ needs at a same time. Recommendations for Practitioners.............................................................................................................................................................. It is recommended to the startup and the existing businesses to utilize the proposed model of this study to reach a sustainable development. Recommendation for Researchers................................................................................................................................................................ It proposes a new circular business model and its linkages with community building. Impact on Society............................................................................................................................................................................................ The proposed model of the study provides guidelines to the cloud computing service providers to design a business model which is able not only to meet their economic profit, but also to meet the society’s and customers’ benefits. Future Research............................................................................................................................................................................................... Future researches can build on this research model which proposed in this study to examine the limitations of this model by using empirical researches.

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