scholarly journals MICKEY 2.0.85: A Secure and Lighter MICKEY 2.0 Cipher Variant with Improved Power Consumption for Smaller Devices in the IoT

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alamer ◽  
Ben Soh ◽  
David E. Brumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Test Suites ◽  
Significant Attention

Lightweight stream ciphers have attracted significant attention in the last two decades due to their security implementations in small devices with limited hardware. With low-power computation abilities, these devices consume less power, thus reducing costs. New directions in ultra-lightweight cryptosystem design include optimizing lightweight cryptosystems to work with a low number of gate equivalents (GEs); without affecting security, these designs consume less power via scaled-down versions of the Mutual Irregular Clocking KEYstream generator—version 2-(MICKEY 2.0) cipher. This study aims to obtain a scaled-down version of the MICKEY 2.0 cipher by modifying its internal state design via reducing shift registers and modifying the controlling bit positions to assure the ciphers’ pseudo-randomness. We measured these changes using the National Institutes of Standards and Testing (NIST) test suites, investigating the speed and power consumption of the proposed scaled-down version named MICKEY 2.0.85. The (85) refers to the new modified bit-lengths of each MICKEY 2.0 register. The results show that it is faster, requires less power, and needs fewer GEs. The proposed variant will enhance the security of applications, such asRadio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, sensor networks, and in Internet of things (IoT) in general. It also will enhance research on the optimization of existing lightweight cryptosystems.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Method for Wireless Sensor Networks Low-Power Radio Operation in Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Amiri Nasab ◽  
Shahaboddin Shamshirband ◽  
Anthony Theodore Chronopoulos ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
Narjes Nabipur
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Duty Cycles

The radio operation in wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications are the most common source for power consumption. However, recognizing and controlling the factors affecting radio operation can be valuable for managing the node power consumption. ContikiMAC is a low-power Radio Duty-Cycle protocol in Contiki OS used in WakeUp mode, which is a clear channel assessment (CCA) to check radio status periodically. The time spent to check the radio is of utmost importance for monitoring power consumption. It can lead to false WakeUp or idle listening in Radio Duty-Cycles and ContikiMAC. This paper presents a detailed analysis of radio WakeUp time factors of ContikiMAC. Then, we propose lightweight CCA (LW-CCA) as an extension to ContikiMAC to reduce the percentage of Radio Duty-Cycles in false WakeUps and idle listenings by using dynamic received signal strength indicators (RSSI) status check time. The simulation results in the Cooja simulator show that LW-CCA reduces about 8% energy consumption in nodes while maintaining up to 99% of the packet delivery rate (PDR).

scholarly journals Dual-Band Monopole Antenna for RFID Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Ojaroudi Parchin ◽  
Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou ◽  
Raed Abd-Alhameed ◽  
James Noras
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Applications ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Good Agreement

Over the past decade, radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology has attracted significant attention and become very popular in different applications, such as identification, management, and monitoring. In this study, a dual-band microstrip-fed monopole antenna has been introduced for RFID applications. The antenna is designed to work at the frequency ranges of 2.2–2.6 GHz and 5.3–6.8 GHz, covering 2.4/5.8 GHz RFID operation bands. The antenna structure is like a modified F-shaped radiator. It is printed on an FR-4 dielectric with an overall size of 38 × 45 × 1.6 mm3. Fundamental characteristics of the antenna in terms of return loss, Smith Chart, phase, radiation pattern, and antenna gain are investigated and good results are obtained. Simulations have been carried out using computer simulation technology (CST) software. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated and its characteristics were measured. The measured results show good agreement with simulations. The structure of the antenna is planar, simple to design and fabricate, easy to integrate with RF circuit, and suitable for use in RFID systems.

scholarly journals Smart University Library Management System Based on Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Sivana Salahadin Muhamad ◽  
Aso Mohammad Darwesh
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Management System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Library Management ◽  
User Management ◽  
Library Management System ◽  
Frequency Identification

With the innovation of new technologies, many life concepts have been changed. However, libraries remain the same in many sides while the main role of libraries has been changed and new references may not need a classical library as it was 50 years ago. In the same time, library services can be improved using Internet of Things (IoT) to increase user satisfactions. In recent years, there has been arisen in the diversity of implementation based on radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems and has been successfully utilized in several areas such as health care and transportation. RFID-based library management system will let rapid transaction flow for the library and could prove instant and long-term benefits to library in traceability and security. To solve the problem that it is inconvenient to find references in the traditional library, a kind of reference positioning system using RFID technology is designed to achieve fast search references in the library. Searching and sorting misplaced references are a hard task often carried out by the librarians. In this paper, the performance of RFID reader motion and tags allows fast transaction flow and easily handling the process like references borrowing from library can be done using RFID technology and users will get notified using Global System for Mobile. Two big issues have been exposed and tried to find the best solution for them, first is the management process of any library, from user management to shelving system and the second one is the data and reference security. The results show that the system can quickly find the references that bookworms hid, and the references are not timely put back on the shelves. Furthermore, the new library hall design and IoT-based system improve the security.

scholarly journals The Integration of RFID Technology into Business Settings

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
María Martínez Pérez ◽  
Carlos Dafonte ◽  
Ángel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Business Sectors

At present, the term Internet of Things (IoT) is a key aspect in determining the sustainability, safety, quality and efficiency of the majority of the most important business sectors in society. The capacity to track processes that are undertaken, facilitates the recording of data of the professionals and clients involved. Identification technologies such as RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) when integrated into sectorial activities, can generate multiple benefits.

scholarly journals Smart Shopping System with RFID Technology Based on Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Hussien ◽  
Saif Abd alradha Alsaidi ◽  
Iman Kadhim Ajlan ◽  
Mohamed Fazil Mohamed Firdhous ◽  
Haider TH. Salim Alrikabi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Cellular Telephones ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Structure Code

<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) incorporates most extensive number of innovations and imagines a mixture of things or questions around us that, through one of a kind tending to plans and standard correspondence conventions, consume the ability to connect through one another's also collaborate by their neighbors in the direction of attain regular purposes. The misuse of such a standard has been broadly explored in Internet-related investigates. As a result, a few plans have been suggested that utilization informal organizations to hunt Internet assets, to course activity, or to choose powerful strategies for substance dissemination. The essential understood this knowledge remains persistent locality everywhere us as a diverse carrier of things or articles – i.e. Radio-Frequency identification (RFID) sensors, labels, cellular telephones, actuators, and more – that finished novel inclining to ideas, consume the ability to subordinate through one another besides chip in through their neighbors to realize normal objectives of shopping situation in business sector. Web of Things (IoT) overpowered standard imperfection for structure code, which backing to shopping in business sector or undertaking gathering of most prominent concern and examinant.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Internet of Things (IOT) for Railways

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 738-739
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Gate Control ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The biggest problems of the Indian railways are accidents and more delay time. The Internet of Things (IOT) can be used to reduce the effect of above two problems. Many accidents occur because of un-attended railway gates, over speed and improper signaling. The information of trains is not so clear to the railway stations, which leads to delay in trains. In this paper some solutions are proposed, to make the railways better, like automatic gate control, train tracking using Global Positioning System (GPS) and track switching. This can be achieved by IOT along with database management system (DBMS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. Each train is tracked using RFID and information is updated into the DBMS.

scholarly journals Ultra Low Power Process Tolerant 10T (PT10T) SRAM with Improved Read/Write Ability for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooran Singh ◽  
Santosh Vishvakarma
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Static Noise Margin ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Noise Margin ◽  
Standby Mode ◽  
Static Noise

An ultra-low power (ULP), power gated static random access memory (SRAM) is presented for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which operates in sub-threshold voltage ranges from 300mV to 500mV. The proposed SRAM has tendency to operate in low supply voltages with high static and dynamic noise margins. The IoT application involves battery enabled low leakage memory architecture in subthreshold regime which has low power consumption. Therefore, to improve power consumption along with better cell stability, a power gated 10T SRAM is presented. The proposed cell uses a power gated p-MOS transistor to reduce the leakage power or static power in standby mode. Moreover, due to the schmitt triggering and read decoupling of 10T SRAM the static and dynamic behavior in read, write and standby mode has shown enhanced tolerance at different process, voltage and temperature (PVT) conditions. The proposed SRAM shows better results in terms of leakage power, read static noise margin (RSNM), write static noise margin (WSNM), write-ability or write trip point (WTP), read-write energy and dynamic read margin (DRM). Further, these parameters are observed at 8-Kilo bit (Kb) and compared with already existing SRAM architectures. It is observed that the leakage power is reduced by 1/81&times;, 1/75&times; of the conventional 6T (C6T) SRAM and read decoupled 8T (RD8T) SRAM, respectively at 300mV VDD. On the contrary, RSNM, WSNM, WTP and DRM values are improved by 3&times;, 2&times;, 11.11% and 31.8% as compared to C6T SRAM, respectively. Similarly, proposed 10T has 1.48&times;, 25% and 9.75% better RSNM, WSNM and WTP values as compared to RD8T SRAM, respectively at 300mV VDD.

scholarly journals Smart Bag based on RFID and Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarjeet Singh Chauhan ◽  
Dayal Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
The Real ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Guardian

The Smart Bag is a very innovative and helpful project that uses RFID Technology [1] for identifying books / items smartly. The Radio Frequency Identification sensor uses a reader to get information about the item from a tag attached to it. Smart Bag initially used this technology. Technologies or devices which are used in development of The Smart Bag are RFID Sensor, HX711 Load Cell Sensor, NodeMCU, Arduino, and GPS. The Books / items can be identified by using RFID tag and it will store the count of books / items to its memory and matches the items according to schedule. The circuit for communication comprises of NodeMCU and RFID receiver in which passing of messages / alerts, reading of books / item is done. When the books / items are placed inside the bag, the RFID receiver reads the RFID Tag and sends the Books / items in the bag to the NodeMCU [2]. The NodeMCU compares it with the schedule list. If any book / item is missing then the NodeMCU generates an alert of missing books / item. The smart bag has GPS function also, which sends the Real-time Location of a Bag or a Kid to the Guardian or Parents. Initially, this project is for those small kids who regularly go to school.

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