scholarly journals Diamond B23 CD Imaging of Thin Films of Chiral Materials or Achiral Polymers Coated with Chiral Molecules

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Rohanah Hussain ◽  
Tamás Jávorfi ◽  
Charlotte S Hughes ◽  
Harini Sriram ◽  
Rajamani Lashminarayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chiral Molecules ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Chiral Materials ◽  
Film Preparation

The novel vertical sample chamber, developed at the B23 beamline for synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD), has enabled the Diamond User community to conduct different types of experiments from high throughput CD of protein and DNA folding using 96-well multiplates to CD imaging at high spatial resolution. Here, we present the application of CD imaging to large areas of achiral polymer PVA films doped with D-dopa to assess the chiral homogeneity of the film preparation with potential antimicrobial property. Synopsis: CDi application of Diamond B23 SRCD beamline.

SPECTROMICROSCOPY STUDIES WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAYA KISKINOVA
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Multiphase Materials ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Synchrotron Light

This paper reviews some recent achievements of synchrotron radiation XPS microscopy in the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of morphologically complex and multiphase materials. Using selected results obtained with the scanning photoelectron microscope built at the synchrotron light source ELETTRA in Trieste, the novel information provided by combining chemical sensitivity with submicron spatial resolution is presented.

CHIRAL MATERIALS IN SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICS

1999 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 171-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTTI KAURANEN ◽  
THIERRY VERBIEST ◽  
ANDRÉ PERSOONS
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Materials ◽  
Chiral Molecules ◽  
Dipole Interactions ◽  
Chiral Materials

We review how chirality can lead to new types of second-order nonlinear optical materials. Chiral molecules are noncentrosymmetric with a nonvanishing electric-dipole-allowed second-order response, which persists in macroscopic samples with high rotational symmetry such as isotropic solutions. On the other hand, contributions of magnetic-dipole interactions, which can be strong in chiral materials, allow second-order processes in centrosymmetric materials. The magnetic contributions of thin films of chiral polyisocyanides and polythiophenes are comparable to electric contributions. Components of the electric-dipole susceptibility tensor associated with chirality dominate the response of thin films of a chiral helicenebisquinone.

Electron microscopic characterization of diamond thin films and substrates for diamond heteroepitaxial growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
J.B. Posthill ◽  
R.P. Burns ◽  
R.A. Rudder ◽  
Y.H. Lee ◽  
R.J. Markunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Lattice Matching ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diamond Thin Films

Because of diamond’s wide band gap, high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage and high radiation resistance, there is a growing interest in developing diamond-based devices for several new and demanding electronic applications. In developing this technology, there are several new challenges to be overcome. Much of our effort has been directed at developing a diamond deposition process that will permit controlled, epitaxial growth. Also, because of cost and size considerations, it is mandatory that a non-native substrate be developed for heteroepitaxial nucleation and growth of diamond thin films. To this end, we are currently investigating the use of Ni single crystals on which different types of epitaxial metals are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for lattice matching to diamond as well as surface chemistry modification. This contribution reports briefly on our microscopic observations that are integral to these endeavors.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas System: The Powerful Modulator of Accessory Genomes in Prokaryotes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anca Butiuc-Keul ◽  
Anca Farkas ◽  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
Dumitrana Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Crispr Array ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cas Proteins

Being frequently exposed to foreign nucleic acids, bacteria and archaea have developed an ingenious adaptive defense system, called CRISPR-Cas. The system is composed of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) array, together with CRISPR (<i>cas</i>)-associated genes. This system consists of a complex machinery that integrates fragments of foreign nucleic acids from viruses and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), into CRISPR arrays. The inserted segments (spacers) are transcribed and then used by cas proteins as guide RNAs for recognition and inactivation of the targets. Different types and families of CRISPR-Cas systems consist of distinct adaptation and effector modules with evolutionary trajectories, partially independent. The origin of the effector modules and the mechanism of spacer integration/deletion is far less clear. A review of the most recent data regarding the structure, ecology, and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems and their role in the modulation of accessory genomes in prokaryotes is proposed in this article. The CRISPR-Cas system&apos;s impact on the physiology and ecology of prokaryotes, modulation of horizontal gene transfer events, is also discussed here. This system gained popularity after it was proposed as a tool for plant and animal embryo editing, in cancer therapy, as antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria, and even for combating the novel coronavirus – SARS-CoV-2; thus, the newest and promising applications are reviewed as well.

scholarly journals Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of nickel oxide using the novel nickel dialkylaminoalkoxide precursor [Ni(dmamp′)2] (dmamp′ = 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanolate)

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (36) ◽  
pp. 22199-22205
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Wilson ◽  
Thomas J. Macdonald ◽  
Chieh-Ting Lin ◽  
Shengda Xu ◽  
Alaric Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Chemical Vapour Deposition ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Blocking Layer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Electron Blocking Layer

We describe CVD of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films using a new precursor [Ni(dmamp′)2], synthesised using a readily commercially available dialkylaminoalkoxide ligand (dmamp′), which is applied to synthesis of a hole transport-electron blocking layer.

Combinatorial in situ Growth-and-Analysis with Synchrotron Radiation of Thin Films for Oxide Electronics

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oshima ◽  
H. Kumigashira ◽  
K. Horiba ◽  
T. Ohnishi ◽  
M. Lippmaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Oxide Electronics

scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution of Ag/TiO2 Thin Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Dewi Suriyani Che Halin ◽  
Kamrosni Abdul Razak ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh ◽  
Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Tio2 Thin Film ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Imaging

Ag/TiO2 thin films were prepared using the sol-gel spin coating method. The microstructural growth behaviors of the prepared Ag/TiO2 thin films were elucidated using real-time synchrotron radiation imaging, its structure was determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), its morphology was imaged using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and its surface topography was examined using the atomic force microscope (AFM) in contact mode. The cubical shape was detected and identified as Ag, while the anatase, TiO2 thin film resembled a porous ring-like structure. It was found that each ring that coalesced and formed channels occurred at a low annealing temperature of 280 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) result revealed a small amount of Ag presence in the Ag/TiO2 thin films. From the in-situ synchrotron radiation imaging, it was observed that as the annealing time increased, the growth of Ag/TiO2 also increased in terms of area and the number of junctions. The growth rate of Ag/TiO2 at 600 s was 47.26 µm2/s, and after 1200 s it decreased to 11.50 µm2/s and 11.55 µm2/s at 1800 s. Prolonged annealing will further decrease the growth rate to 5.94 µm2/s, 4.12 µm2/s and 4.86 µm2/s at 2400 s, 3000 s and 3600 s, respectively.

PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF AUTHOR’S AND TRANSFORMED PHRASEOLOGIES IN THE WORK OF CARLOS RUIZ ZAFÓN «THE PRISONER OF HEAVEN»

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Bovsunivska A. Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Individual Style

The article is devoted to the study of pragmatic aspects of the use of phraseology in the textual space of Carlos Ruiz Safón’s novel «Prisoner of Heaven». One of the defining features of the individual style of this well-known modern Spanish writer is the metaphoricity and figuration of aristic expression, the saturation of the text with phraseological units that play a significant role in creating a pragmatic charge of the work of art. Along with general linguistic phraseological units, which include commonly-used vocabulary, the author uses dialectal and authorial phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. All three designated groups of phraseological units mostly reflect the negative psychophysical and emotional state of the characters. The author uses dialectal, individually-authorial and modified phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. It is determined that transformation is one of the most productive and most effective ways to update linguistic means in works of art. Author’s modification of FU leads to a change in the semantics and structure of expression, gives it a more expressive or emotional coloring. Transformed phraseology is limited to individual usage and is subject to the context of the work. Modified FUs in the Zafón’s artistic space acquire certain aesthetic and artistic qualities. Their modification is mainly to create the desired stylistic effect – to achieve emotional or expressive expression, which increases the reader’s interest, focuses on the content, issues of the work, as well as reveals the potential expressive potential of the Spanish language. In the transformed FUs, not just a new meaning is traced, but a combination of the well-known and the occasional. The unique combination of different types of phraseological units in the novel is considered a manifestation of individual style and makes a representation of the individually-authorial linguistic picture of the world more expressive.

Language representation in the Spanish, Italian and French versions of Xiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers: On the translation of ungrammatical idiolect and language-based jokes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
F. Javier Díaz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Opposite Pole ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chinese Girl ◽  
Basic English

AbstractXiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers is a novel in which language has a special protagonism. The main character, Z, is a Chinese girl who goes to London to improve her basic English. Her idiolect is thus characterised by a great quantity of linguistic errors of different types. This lack of proficiency in English makes cross-cultural communication really difficult. Therefore, language becomes in this novel not only a characterisation tool, but also an essential aspect of the plot. Moreover, it is also a paramount source of humour, since there is plenty of jokes based, for instance, on puns, many of which derive from Z’s lack of linguistic competence. The main objective of this paper is to analyse language representation in the source text as well as in the Spanish, Italian and French versions of the novel from the perspective of relevance theory. Out of the three versions, the Spanish one reflects the highest interpretive resemblance in this regard, whereas the Italian one occupies the opposite pole of the scale. With regard to the translation of wordplay, the pragmatic scenario is normally maintained in the TT, although there are statistically significant differences between the three versions and across different types of puns.

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