scholarly journals Design of a Long-Pass Filter with Effects on Fluorescence Image Observation for Surgical Fluorescence Microscope Applications

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Jinkyu Kim ◽  
Kicheol Yoon ◽  
Kwanggi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Oncological Surgery ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Diagnostic Image ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Fluorescence Image ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
External Light Source

The goal of oncological surgery is to completely remove the tumor. Tumors are often difficult to observe with the naked eye because of the presence of numerous blood vessels and the fact the colors of the tumor and blood vessels are similar. Therefore, a fluorescent contrast medium using a surgical microscope is used to observe the removal status of the tumor. To observe the tumor removal status using a fluorescent contrast agent, fluorescence is expressed in the tumor by irradiating with an external light source, and the expressed tumor can be confirmed through a surgical microscope. However, not only fluorescence-expressed tumors are observed under a surgical microscope, but images from an external light source are also mixed and observed. Therefore, since the surgical microscope is connected to a filter, the quality of the diagnostic image is not uniform, and it is difficult to achieve a clear observation. As a result, an asymmetric image quality phenomenon occurs in the diagnostic images. In this paper, a filter with high clarity that provides a symmetrical observation of diagnostic images is developed and manufactured.

Design of a Surgical Pen-Type Probe for Real-Time Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Emission Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Cheol Yoon ◽  
Kwang Gi Kim ◽  
Seung Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Emission Wavelength ◽  
Cmos Camera ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
Working Distance ◽  
External Light Source

Abstract The advantage of handheld type surgical microscope is that the size of the probe is small and light, and the working distance(o to 30 cm) and field of view (306°) can be adjusted. Also, a short working distance will minimize the loss of light source energy. However, the currently developed handheld type surgical microscope is still large, heavy, and uses relatively high energy (600 mW). Also, it is not suitable for portable use. To address the aforementioned problems, this study aimed to develop a pen-type surgical fluorescence microscope that is compact, portable, and has an adjustable beam angle and working distance. The pen-type probe consists of a laser diode, CMOS camera, light source brightness control device, filter, and power switch. The IR-cut filter inside the CMOS camera was removed to facilitate transmission of the fluorescence emission wavelength. In addition, a long-pass filter was attached to the camera so that the external light source was blocked and only the fluorescence emission wavelength was allowed to pass through. The pen-type probe was manufactured using 3D printing, and the captured image was designed to be observed through an external monitor. The performance of the pen-type probe was tested through a large animal experiment. Indocyanine green (2.5mg/kg) was injected into a pig's vein. Fluorescence emission of 805-830 nm was achieved by irradiating an external light source (785 nm and 4 mW/cm2), and liver-uptake occurred after 2.4 minutes.

scholarly journals Caries and Restoration Detection Using Bitewing Film Based on Transfer Learning with CNNs

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4613
Author(s):  
Yi-Cheng Mao ◽  
Tsung-Yi Chen ◽  
He-Sheng Chou ◽  
Szu-Yin Lin ◽  
Sheng-Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Imaging Research

Caries is a dental disease caused by bacterial infection. If the cause of the caries is detected early, the treatment will be relatively easy, which in turn prevents caries from spreading. The current common procedure of dentists is to first perform radiographic examination on the patient and mark the lesions manually. However, the work of judging lesions and markings requires professional experience and is very time-consuming and repetitive. Taking advantage of the rapid development of artificial intelligence imaging research and technical methods will help dentists make accurate markings and improve medical treatments. It can also shorten the judgment time of professionals. In addition to the use of Gaussian high-pass filter and Otsu’s threshold image enhancement technology, this research solves the problem that the original cutting technology cannot extract certain single teeth, and it proposes a caries and lesions area analysis model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), which can identify caries and restorations from the bitewing images. Moreover, it provides dentists with more accurate objective judgment data to achieve the purpose of automatic diagnosis and treatment planning as a technology for assisting precision medicine. A standardized database established following a defined set of steps is also proposed in this study. There are three main steps to generate the image of a single tooth from a bitewing image, which can increase the accuracy of the analysis model. The steps include (1) preprocessing of the dental image to obtain a high-quality binarization, (2) a dental image cropping procedure to obtain individually separated tooth samples, and (3) a dental image masking step which masks the fine broken teeth from the sample and enhances the quality of the training. Among the current four common neural networks, namely, AlexNet, GoogleNet, Vgg19, and ResNet50, experimental results show that the proposed AlexNet model in this study for restoration and caries judgments has an accuracy as high as 95.56% and 90.30%, respectively. These are promising results that lead to the possibility of developing an automatic judgment method of bitewing film.

scholarly journals Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery for Thyroid Cancer: Utility for Preventing Hypoparathyroidism

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3792
Author(s):  
Marco Stefano Demarchi ◽  
Barbara Seeliger ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lifante ◽  
Pier Francesco Alesina ◽  
Frédéric Triponez
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Fluorescence Image ◽  
Guided Surgery ◽  
Fluorescence Guided Surgery

Background: Hypoparathyroidism is one of the most frequent complications of thyroid surgery, especially when associated with lymph node dissection in cases of thyroid cancer. Fluorescence-guided surgery is an emerging tool that appears to help reduce the rate of this complication. The present review aims to highlight the utility of fluorescence imaging in preserving parathyroid glands during thyroid cancer surgery. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines to identify published studies on fluorescence-guided thyroid surgery with a particular focus on thyroid cancer. Articles were selected and analyzed per indication and type of surgery, autofluorescence or exogenous dye usage, and outcomes. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included articles. Results: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, with three studies exclusively assessing patients with thyroid cancer. The remaining studies assessed mixed cohorts with thyroid cancer and other thyroid or parathyroid diseases. The majority of the papers support the potential benefit of fluorescence imaging in preserving parathyroid glands in thyroid surgery. Conclusions: Fluorescence-guided surgery is useful in the prevention of post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism via enhanced early identification, visualization, and preservation of the parathyroid glands. These aspects are notably beneficial in cases of associated lymphadenectomy for thyroid cancer.

Dual Fluorescence Emission by Irradiation of Single Optical Source for Fluorescein Sodium and 5-ALA Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yoon Kwon ◽  
Ki-Cheol Yoon ◽  
Kwang Gi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Fluorescein Sodium ◽  
Dual Fluorescence ◽  
Optical Source ◽  
Pass Filter

Abstract Most brain surgeries aim to completely resection a tumor. However, the arrangement of blood vessels around brain tumors is often complex. Moreover, the tumors and blood vessels have similar colors, making it difficult to identify the boundaries between them with the naked eye. Fluorescent staining is a method used to distinguish the borders between brain tumors and blood vessels. The fluorescent contrast agents commonly used to observe tumors are 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and fluorescein sodium (FS), which have different surgical sensitivities, depending on the type of tumor. In this article, a dual band band-pass filter (BPF) with dual-wavelength emission for 5-ALA and FS is designed, and the dual-band BPF capable of inducing simultaneous fluorescence emission of FS and 5-ALA was investigated experimentally to improve accuracy, speed, and energy efficiency in clinical settings. The possibility of dual fluorescence emission with a single irradiation is proposed. The proposed fluorescent dual-band filter has the advantage of saving energy, reducing auxiliary manpower and unit costs, and reducing operating room space requirements by producing two fluorescence diagnostic effects using a single equipment.

LEDs as light source: examining quality of acquired images

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafic Bachnak ◽  
Jeng Funtanilla ◽  
Jose Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Light Source

The application of the MPEG-4 standard to telepathology images for electronic patient records

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg A Brox ◽  
Janis L Huston
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Diagnostic Image ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Mapping Software ◽  
Pixel Mapping

summary We conducted a pilot study to compare the diagnostic quality of digital telepathology images compressed using two software packages, each of which incorporated the MPEG-4 standard. Both software packages produced lossy (rather than lossless) compressed images. Lossy images can be less reliable for diagnostic purposes and the aim of the study was to examine how the MPEG-4 standard affects image quality. The results showed that manipulation of the images by the software did not dramatically alter the image quality but they highlighted the need to develop both pixel-mapping software and associated standards. Standards will help to determine which bits of a diagnostic image can be safely removed during compression while ensuring the integrity and reliability of images for diagnostic purposes.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementary Light Source on Quality of Grafted Tomato Seedlings and Expression of Two Photosynthetic Genes

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wei ◽  
Jiangtao Hu ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Mengzhao Wang ◽  
Jin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Photosynthetic Genes ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Supplementary lighting is commonly used in high-quality seedling production. In this study, grafted tomato seedlings were grown for 10 days in a glasshouse with 16-h daily supplementary lighting at 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD (Photosynthetic photon flux density) from either high-pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH), far-red (FR), white LEDs (Light emitting diodes) (W), or mixed LEDs (W1R2B1, where the subscript numbers indicate the ratio of the LED chips) to determine which light sources improve the seedling quality. The control seedlings did not receive any supplementary light. Physiological parameters and the expression of genes related to photosynthesis were analyzed. The results showed that root length, biomass, number of leaves, chlorophyll (SPAD), scion dry weight to height ratio (WHR), and specific leaf weight (SLW) were the greatest for grafted seedlings grown in W1R2B1. The level of root ball formation was the greatest for seedlings grown in W1R2B1, followed by those grown in W, HPS, and MH. Seedlings grown in FR did not fare well, as they were very thin and weak. Moreover, the expression of two photosynthetic genes (PsaA and PsbA) was significantly increased by W1R2B1 and W, which suggests that the plastid or nuclear genes might be regulated. The overall results suggest that W1R2B1 was the most suitable light source to enhance the quality of grafted tomato seedlings. The results of this study could be used as a reference for seedling production in glasshouses, and may provide new insights in the research on lights affecting the development of plants.

scholarly journals Cerebellar metastases – may surgery play a role in the presence of multiple lesions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
M. Dabija ◽  
V. Dorobăţ ◽  
Alina Paiu
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Oncological Surgery ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Intracranial Metastases ◽  
Cerebellar Lesions ◽  
One Year

Abstract Brain metastases are the most common form of malignancy presence in the CNS having a more frequent appearance than primary brain tumors. Although secondary cerebellar tumors represent only 15% of all intracranial metastases, they are quite frequent among primary oncological patients and pose a challenge for all of the medical caretakers starting with the neurosurgeon. Among those, a small percent of patients have multiple cerebellar lesions and the therapeutic challenge turns into a medical controversy, especially when it comes to surgical treatment taking into consideration that the life expectancy is lower than one year. A key asset which we have on our side is the anatomical vicinity these lesions occur, this leading us to take into consideration eliminating as many lesions in one single operative time as possible without changing the position of the head during surgery. Based on a retrospective study which concluded that patients with resection of all lesions tend to have a longer life expectancy, and on modern concepts of risks and benefits of oncological surgery and surgery in general, we followed up on three patients presenting posterior and even multiple posterior fossa metastases, taking into consideration individual comorbidities, tumor aspects and the possibility/opportunity of surgical treatment. It turned out that surgery is a safe and effective treatment option and should not be considered harmful or aggressive especially because all of the patients which were under study had a favorable post-operative prognostic and an improved quality of life. We emphasize furthermore the importance of complete lesion resection in as few interventions as possible followed up by radiotherapy/chemotherapy as a key in prolonging these patients life expectancy taking into consideration that the outcome is directly related to the number of lesions rather to the location or volume of them.

scholarly journals Setting Standards to Promote Artificial Intelligence in Colon Mass Endoscopic Sampling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueping Zheng ◽  
Ruizhang Su ◽  
Wangyue Wang ◽  
Sijun Meng ◽  
Hang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Digestive Endoscopy ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Multiple Regions

ABSTRACTObjectiveArtificial intelligence (AI) has undeniable values in detection, characterization, and monitoring of tumors during cancer imaging. However, major AI explorations in digestive endoscopy have not been systematically planned, and more important, most AI productions are based on Single-center Studies (ScSs). ScSs result in data scarcity, redundancy as well as island effects, which leads to some limitations in applying it on endoscopy. We investigate the disadvantages of picture processing which may effect the AI detection, and make improvements in AI detection and image recognition accuracy.DesignCurrent investigation aggregates a total of 2,500 gastroenteroscopy samples from various hospitals in multiple regions and carries out deep learning.ResultsIt is found that factors inconducive to AI recognition are common such as: (a) the gastrointestinal tract is not cleaned up completely; (b) shooting angle (from left to right and the top of polyp are unexposed clearly), shooting distance (too close or too far to shoot causes the lump to be unclear), shooting light (insufficient light source or overexposed light source in mass) and unstable shooting lead to poor quality of pictures.ConclusionWe set standards for a multicenter cooperation involving three-level medical institutions from the provincial, municipal and county to improve the recognition accuracy as well as the diagnosis and treatment efficiency meanwhile.

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