scholarly journals Assessing Heart Rate Using Consumer Technology Association Standards

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Joel D. Reece ◽  
Jennifer A. Bunn ◽  
Minsoo Choi ◽  
James W. Navalta
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Mean Absolute Percent Error ◽  
Absolute Percent Error ◽  
Acceptable Agreement

It is difficult for developers, researchers, and consumers to compare results among emerging wearable technology without using a uniform set of standards. This study evaluated the accuracy of commercially available wearable technology heart rate (HR) monitors using the Consumer Technology Association (CTA) standards. Participants (N = 23) simultaneously wore a Polar chest strap (criterion measure), Jabra Elite earbuds, Scosche Rhythm 24 armband, Apple Watch 4, and Garmin Forerunner 735 XT during sitting, activities of daily living, walking, jogging, running, and cycling, totaling 57 min of monitored activity. The Apple Watch mean bias was within ±1 bpm, and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was <3% in all six conditions. Garmin underestimated HR in all conditions, except cycling and MAPE was >10% during sedentary, lifestyle, walk-jog, and running. The Jabra mean bias was within ±5 bpm for each condition, and MAPE exceeded 10% for walk-jog. The Scosche mean bias was within ±1 bpm and MAPE was <5% for all conditions. In conclusion, only the Apple Watch Series 4 and the Scosche Rhythm 24 displayed acceptable agreement across all conditions. By employing CTA standards, future developers, researchers, and consumers will be able to make true comparisons of accuracy among wearable devices.

scholarly journals Technology Used to Recognize Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nicola Camp ◽  
Martin Lewis ◽  
Kirsty Hunter ◽  
Julie Johnston ◽  
Massimiliano Zecca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Future Work

The use of technology has been suggested as a means of allowing continued autonomous living for older adults, while reducing the burden on caregivers and aiding decision-making relating to healthcare. However, more clarity is needed relating to the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) recognised, and the types of technology included within current monitoring approaches. This review aims to identify these differences and highlight the current gaps in these systems. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR, drawing on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles and commercially available systems were selected if they focused on ADL recognition of older adults within their home environment. Thirty-nine ADL recognition systems were identified, nine of which were commercially available. One system incorporated environmental and wearable technology, two used only wearable technology, and 34 used only environmental technologies. Overall, 14 ADL were identified but there was variation in the specific ADL recognised by each system. Although the use of technology to monitor ADL of older adults is becoming more prevalent, there is a large variation in the ADL recognised, how ADL are defined, and the types of technology used within monitoring systems. Key stakeholders, such as older adults and healthcare workers, should be consulted in future work to ensure that future developments are functional and useable.

Accuracy of Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure Estimations of Wrist-Worn and Arm-Worn Apple Watches

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Kayla J. Nuss ◽  
Joseph L. Sanford ◽  
Lucas J. Archambault ◽  
Ethan J. Schlemer ◽  
Sophie Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Metabolic Cart ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Absolute Percent Error

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) estimated by the Apple Watch Series 1 worn both on the wrist and the upper arm. Methods: Thirty healthy, young adults (15 females) wore the two monitors while participating in a maximal exercise test. Criterion measures were obtained from the Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400 Metabolic Cart and an electrocardiograph. Results: The HR estimations of the arm-worn (AW) Apple Watch had the highest agreement with the electrocardiogram, with mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of <2.5% for the entire sample, for males, and for females, at all exercise intensities. The HR estimations of the wrist-worn Apple Watch had MAPEs ranging from 3.61% (females at very light intensity) to 14.97% (males at very vigorous intensity). When estimating EE for total exercise bout in the entire sample, the arm-worn Apple Watch overestimated EE, with a MAPE of 39.63%, whereas the wrist-worn underestimated EE, with a MAPE of 32.28%. Both the arm- and wrist-worn overestimated EE for females and underestimated EE for males. Conclusion: Wearing the Apple Watch Series 1 on the upper arm versus the wrist improves the MAPE for HR estimations, but does not improve MAPE for the EE calculations when compared to a criterion measure.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Responses to Glittre ADL Test in Bronchiectasis: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravoori Hena ◽  
Gopala Krishna Alaparthi ◽  
K. Shyam Krishnan ◽  
R. Anand ◽  
Vishak Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses ◽  
Six Minute Walk Test ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Minute Walk

Background. Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by chronic sputum production, fatigue, and dyspnoea. These symptoms will lead to reduced exercise capacity and a reduced ability to carry out activities of daily living. Glittre ADL test is a valid and reliable test which evaluates the activities of daily living. Aim. To investigate whether the Glittre ADL test can differentiate the functional capacity and cardiorespiratory responses of patients with bronchiectasis from those healthy individuals using the six-minute test as a functional performance standard. Methods. This study included 30 subjects: 15 bronchiectasis and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. The patients and healthy subjects were made to perform the Glittre ADL and six-minute test on two consecutive days. Parameters such as time taken, distance walked, HR, RR, SpO2, and dyspnoea were recorded before and after the tests. Results. The performance of bronchiectasis was worse than the healthy group on the Glittre ADL test (4.78 ± 1.33 min, 3.94 ± 0.82 min, p=0.04). Distance walked in the six-minute walk test by the bronchiectasis was 42 meters lesser than the healthy (400.33 ± 77.99, 442 ± 89.21, p=0.18). The Glittre ADL test was correlated with 6MWT when the total sample was analysed (r=−0.41,p=0.05). There was moderate positive correlation between heart rate variation, dyspnoea, respiratory rate, and peripheral saturation (SpO2) between the tests (Glittre heart rate versus six-minute walk test heart rate (r=0.55,p=0.001); Glittre (Borg) versus six-minute walk test (Borg) (r=0.72,p=0.00); Glittre respiratory rate versus six-minute walk test RR (r=0.62,p=0.00); Glittre SpO2 versus six-minute walk test SpO2 (r=0.40,p=0.02)). The bronchiectasis group had a statistically significant higher (p=0.08,p=0.46) increase in dyspnoea and RR than the controls in both the Glittre ADL test and six-minute walk test (p=0.009,p=0.03), with the similar HR variation in both the groups (p>0.05). There was statistical difference in peripheral oxygen saturation in bronchiectasis in the six-minute walk test (p=0.03). Conclusion. The Glittre ADL test induced similar cardiorespiratory responses when compared to the six-minute walk test. So, the Glittre ADL test can be used as an assessment tool besides the six-minute walk test for the more complete evaluation of functional capacity and activities of daily living.

scholarly journals Criterion Validity of the activPAL Activity Monitor for Sedentary and Physical Activity Patterns in People Who Have Rheumatoid Arthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1093-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Larkin ◽  
Birgitta Nordgren ◽  
Helen Purtill ◽  
Charles Brand ◽  
Alexander Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Step Counts

Abstract Background Accurate measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior is an important consideration for health care professionals. The activPAL activity monitor has not been validated against a criterion measure for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective The objective of this study was to determine the criterion validity of the activPAL activity monitor for measuring step counts, transition counts, and time spent in sedentary, standing, and walking behaviors in people with RA. Design A laboratory-based criterion validation study was conducted. Methods Participants with a confirmed medical diagnosis of RA were recruited from 2 outpatient rheumatology clinics. The testing procedure consisted of standardized testing components and tasks related to activities of daily living. Participants wore an activPAL activity monitor and were video recorded throughout the testing procedure. Direct observation was used as the criterion measure. Data analysis consisted of validation analysis of the activPAL activity monitor data and the criterion measure data. Results Twenty-four people participated in the study. Data from 20 participants were included in the final analysis. The activPAL significantly underestimated step counts by 26% and transition counts by 36%. There was no significant difference between the activPAL activity monitor and the criterion measure for time spent in sedentary, standing or light activity, and walking behaviors. Limitations Validation of activities of daily living in a laboratory environment is a limitation of this study. Conclusions The activPAL activity monitor underestimated step and transition counts and, therefore, is not valid for measuring these outcomes in people with RA. Relative to direct observation, the activPAL activity monitor is valid for measuring time spent in sedentary, standing, and walking behaviors in people with RA.

P2261The impact of a short-term cardiac rehabilitation program on activities of daily living in elderly patients with chronic heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Paneroni ◽  
S Scalvini ◽  
C Simonelli ◽  
F Rivadossi ◽  
C Pavesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Abstract Introduction A high proportion of elderly patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) experience dyspnea and fatigue during the activities of daily living (ADLs). Purpose We aimed to determine 1) the VO2 peak of some basic ADLs comparing it to VO2 peak at CardioPulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) and 2) the effects of 3-week inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program on ADLs' performance. Methods At entry and at the end of a 20-day cardiac rehabilitation program patients performed an ADL-test consisting of five task-related ADL activities and two time-related ADL activities while wearing a metabolimeter mobile device (K5, Cosmed). Task-related activities were: 1) to put on and take off socks, shoes and jacket (ADL 1); 2) to fold eight towels (ADL 2); 3) to put 6 bottles on a shelve (ADL 3); 4) to make a bed (ADL 4); 5) to go up and down 1-floor stairs (ADL 5). Time-related ADL activities were: 1) to sweep the floor for 4 minutes (ADL 6) and 2) to walk for six minute (6MWT). Metabolic load, oxygen uptake, ventilation, heart rate and symptom of dyspnea were computed for each ADL. During the program, patients performed a CPET. Results Fifty-six CHF patients [89% men; age 72±6 years; Ejection Fraction (EF) 38±12%; 66% with EF<40%] were enrolled. At entry, the least demanding ADL [expressed as proportion of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) reached at CPET] was ADL 3 with 53,14±18.53%, while the most challenging was the 6MWT with 116.81±34.48%. Forty-two (75%) patients reached the VO2peak of CPET during 6MWT. After rehabilitation, there was a significant decrease in the time required to perform the task-related activities (ADL 1–5) [from 382.25±114.90 to 354.48±116.92 seconds, p=0.0175] and a significant increase in the distance covered during 6MWT [from 421.35±81.64 to 448.84±89.69 meters, p=0.000]. Moreover, following rehabilitation a significant decrease of heart rate in ADL1, ADL 3 and ADL 5 and a significant decrease of dyspnea in ADL 5, ADL 6 and 6MWT was recorded. Conclusion A comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program can improve ADL performance due to the change of some physiological variables during effort. Further studies about the role of dedicated rehabilitation program (i.e. occupational rehab) are necessary.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Multiple Wearable Technology Devices Heart Rate and Step Count Measurements During Free Motion and Treadmill Based Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Montes ◽  
Richard Tandy ◽  
John Young ◽  
Szu-Ping Lee ◽  
James Navalta
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Free Motion ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

Introduction: Wearable Technology Devices are used to promote physical activity. It is unknown whether different devices measure heart rate and step count consistently during walking or jogging in a free motion setting and on a treadmill. Purpose: To compare heart rate and step count values for the Samsung Gear 2, FitBit Surge, Polar A360, Garmin Vivosmart HR+, Scosche Rhythm+ and the Leaf Health Tracker in walking and jogging activities. Methods: Forty volunteers participated. Devices were worn simultaneously in randomized configurations. 5-minute intervals of walking and jogging were completed in free motion and treadmill settings with matching paces. Heart rates at minutes 3, 4, and 5 were averaged for the devices along with the criterion measure, the Polar T31 monitor. Step count criterion measure was the mean of two manual counters. A 2x6 (environment vs device) repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc was performed with significance set at p<0.05. Results: There was no significant interaction or main effects for walking heart rate. Jogging heart rate saw significant environment and device main effects. Walking step count had a significant interaction between the devices and the environment. Jogging step count had a significant device main effect. Conclusions: There may be some conditions such as heart rate measurements taken while walking or step count measurements taken while jogging/running that may only require treadmill-based validity testing.

scholarly journals Evaluating the accuracy and utility of wearable technology to continuously monitor patients in a hospital setting: a systematic review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Patel ◽  
Ani-Orchanian Cheff ◽  
Robert Wu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring

BACKGROUND The term ‘post-hospital syndrome’ has been used to describe the condition in which elderly patients are transiently frail after hospitalization and have a high chance of readmission. Since low activity and poor sleep contribute to ‘post-hospital syndrome’, continuous inpatient monitoring of these important parameters using affordable wearables may help and reduce this syndrome. While there have been systematic reviews of wearables for physical activity monitoring in the hospital setting, there is limited data on use of wearables measuring other parameters in hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to evaluate the utility and accuracy of wearable devices in their ability to monitor inpatients. METHODS This review incorporated a comprehensive search of seven databases and included articles which met the following inclusion criteria: inpatients above age 18, device studied in the articles had to be wearable technology and have at least one sensor, articles had to describe an element of continuous monitoring (greater than 24 hours) and monitoring had to include more than just physical activity. There were no restrictions on publication period, but only English language studies were included. From each study we extracted basic demographic information along with characteristics of the intervention. RESULTS From 2,012 articles that were screened, 15 articles met the selection criteria. All articles included were observational in design. Nine different commercial wearables, with various body locations, were examined in this review. The devices collectively measured 7 different health parameters across all studies. Only 6 studies validated their results against a reference device or standard. Of those that did validate results, many found that certain variables were inaccurate with wide limits of agreement. Heart rate and sleep had the most evidence for being valid in the hospital. Overall, wearable devices were found to be a feasible alternative for inpatient monitoring as 13 of the 15 studies had a mean participation completion rate greater than 80%. CONCLUSIONS Overall, assessment of studies in this review suggested that wearable devices showed promise in monitoring the heart rate and sleep of patients in hospital. The results demonstrate that many devices have not been validated in the inpatient setting, and amongst those that do, some wearable measurements were not found to be valid. Further research is needed to validate the wearable health variables in hospitalized patients and eventually determine whether these devices improve health outcomes.

Chewing activity and activities of daily living in the elderly

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. MIURA ◽  
Y. ARAKI ◽  
T. UMENAI
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chewing Activity
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