scholarly journals In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Exotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Bianka Grunow ◽  
George Philipp Franz ◽  
Katrin Tönißen
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Fish Cells

Rising temperatures can affect fish survival, especially from shallower waters, as temperatures increase faster and more intensively in these areas; thus, species-specific temperature tolerance can be exceeded. Additionally, the amounts of anthropogenic pollutants are higher in coastal waters. Although increasing metabolic activity at higher temperatures could lead to stronger effects of toxins, there are hardly any studies on this topic. Subsequently, the aim was to investigate the response of fish cells upon exposure to industrial solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) in relation to a temperature increase (20 °C and 25 °C). Concerning the 3Rs (the replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments), in vitro tests were used for two threatened, vulnerable fish species: maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) and Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus). Both cell lines exhibited higher proliferation at 25 °C. However, ecotoxicological results indicated significant differences regarding the cell line, toxin, temperature and exposure time. The evolutionarily older fish lineage, Atlantic sturgeon, demonstrated lower mortality rates in the presence of isopropanol and recovered better during long-term ethanol exposure than the maraena whitefish. Atlantic sturgeon cells have higher adaptation potential for these alcohols. In summary, fish species respond very specifically to toxins and changes in temperature, and new ecotoxicological questions arise with increasing water temperatures.

Development and Test of an Extendable Endoprosthesis for Bone Reconstruction in the Leg

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Verkerke ◽  
H. Schraffordt Koops ◽  
R.P.H. Veth ◽  
H.J. Grootenboer ◽  
L.J. De Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Bone Tumour ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
Malignant Bone Tumour

A malignant bone tumour may develop in the femur of a child. In the majority of cases it will be necessary to resect the bone involved, growth plate and adjacent tissues. A modular endoprosthetic system has been developed which can be extended non-invasively to bridge the defect resulting from such a resection. Elongation is achieved by using an external magnetic field. In vitro tests with a prototype showed that the lengthening element met all requirements. Six animal experiments showed that the lengthening element also functioned in vivo.

Design of a Lengthening Element for a Modular Femur Endoprosthetic System

1989 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Verkerke ◽  
H Schraffordt Koops ◽  
R P H Veth ◽  
J Oldhoff ◽  
H K L Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Non Invasive

A malignant tumour may develop around the knee joint of a child. In the majority of cases it will then be necessary to resect the involved bone with adjacent tissue. A joint team of Groningen University Hospital and University of Twente is currently working on the project of developing a modular endoprosthetic system to bridge the defect resulting from the resection. Since the other, normal, leg continues to grow, the endoprosthetic system will have to include an element the length of which can be adjusted non-invasively. The main conditions to be met by the lengthening element are non-invasive continuous adjustability and a maximum total lengthening of 114 mm. This was achieved by using an external magnetic field. Animal experiments showed that the lengthening element worked well, although moisture infiltrated the telescopic tubes and the lengthening element was covered by proliferating bone at an early stage. Also, the necessary magnetic field proved to be larger than calculated. In a revised design, these problems are resolved. In vitro tests show that the new lengthening element meets all requirements.

Paraquat Poisoning by Skin Absorption: A Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Paraquat Poisoning

All reported cases of paraquat poisoning by absorption through the skin are briefly reviewed. It is concluded that, while paraquat cannot be absorbed significantly through intact human skin, damage to the skin, either by paraquat itself or by other means, will permit greater systemic absorption and possibly poisoning. The lowest known concentration of paraquat to result in fatal poisoning through the skin is 5 g/l. Animal experiments with paraquat are also reviewed. The fact that the reported lethal dermal dose of paraquat in rats is slightly less than the oral dose is probably due to the lack of head restraint on the rats in the dermal dosing experiments. In vivo and in vitro tests on human skin at concentrations of 9 g/l and 5 g/l did not result in significant absorption of paraquat through the skin but in these experiments the skin was intact.

The Application of Tissue Engineering Cartilage and Bracket Constructed Biomaterials for Athletic Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Bing Hui Li ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Athletic Injury ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Autologous Cartilage Transplantation ◽  
Scaffold Materials

The development of tissue engineering techniques for cartilage repair and regeneration provided a new way, according to their own characteristics and structure of the cartilage, as artificial cartilage replacement materials and scaffold materials should have good biomechanical properties. The effect of autologous cartilage transplantation is best in the field of articular cartilage repair, the study of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro tests and animal experiments was more, and the clinical application was less, which is still in the stage of exploration. Biomaterials material for tissue repair plays a more and more important role, especially in athletic injury.

Some aspects of metal oxide nanoparticles toxicity assessment on cell cultures as exemplified by NiO and Mn3O4

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. А. Minigalieva ◽  
T. V. Bushueva ◽  
V. G. Panov ◽  
A. N. Varaksin ◽  
V. Ya. Shur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Nio Nps

Comparative and combined damaging actions of NiO and Mn3O4 anoparticles were estimated on cultures of different established human cell lines. It was found out that the addition of the fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the culture media ,used in the investigation, renders NiO-NPs and, to even a greater extent, Mn3O4-NPs exponentially soluble while without FBS their dissolution was extremely low. Along with it, sedimentation of those MeO-NPs caused by their aggregation noticeably slowed down in the presence of the same FBS. The dependence of cell damage on the MeO-NPs concentration was found out, at a higher cytotoxicity of Mn3O4-NP as compared to NiO-NP. Thus, comparative assessment of NPs non-specific toxicity previously obtained in animal experiments was reproduced in the «in vitro» tests. However, with respect to manganese-specific brain damage «in vivo» discovered previously in sub-chronic intoxication with the same MeO-NPs, the present «in vitro» experiment on neurons only showed a certain enhancing effect of Mn3O4-NP on the action of NiO-NP, but the role of NiO-NP in the combination prevailed.

A Compact Centrifugal Blood Pump for Extracorporeal Circulation: Design and Performance

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Tanaka ◽  
Shuzo Yamamoto ◽  
Ken-ichi Yamakoshi ◽  
Akira Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Assisted Circulation ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Centrifugal Blood Pump ◽  
And Performance

A new compact centrifugal blood pump driven by a miniature DC servomotor has been designed for use for short-term extra corporeal and cardiac-assisted circulation. The impeller of the pump was connected directly to the motor by using a simple-gear coupling. The shaft for the impeller was sealed from blood by both a V-ring and a seal bearing. Either pulsatile or nonpusatile flow was produced by controlling the current supply to the motor. The pump characteristics and the degree of hemolysis were evaluated with regard to the configuration of the impeller with a 38-mm outer diameter in vitro tests; the impeller having the blade angles at the inlet of 20 deg and at the outlet of 50 deg was the most appropriate as a blood pump. The performance in an operation, hemolysis and thrombus formation in the pump were assessed by a left ventricular bypass experiment in dogs. It was suggested by this study that this prototype pump appears promising for use not only in animal experiments but also in clinical application.

In Vitro Toxicity: Mechanisms, Alternatives and Validation — A Report from the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Cell Toxicology

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-308
Author(s):  
Anna Forsby
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Annual Scientific ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Scandinavian Society ◽  
Wide Range

The Scandinavian Society for Cell Toxicology (SSCT) has arranged annual scientific meetings since 1983. These workshops were the forum for the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) programme. Along with the MEIC programme, which was completed in 1998, a wide range of topics relating to cytotoxicity have been discussed. The meetings have also given an opportunity for graduate students and young scientists to present their work to an international audience. At the same time, experts in the fields of in vitro toxicity have been invited as speakers. The 19th SSCT scientific meeting, which was held in 2001 at Sørup Manor in Ringsted, Denmark, was no exception. The meeting consisted of four sessions: mechanisms of toxicity; environmental toxicological testing; alternatives to animal experiments; and validation of in vitro tests.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potential Thrombogenicity in an Animal Model of a Triple Viral Inactivated Factor IX Concentrate Manufactured in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinez MC ◽  
◽  
Rodriguez R ◽  
Marinsaldi A ◽  
Rodriguez GR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The risk of thromboembolism with FIX replacement therapy remains a concern for hemophilic B patients. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the activated factor content of the FIX Plasma Derived (FIXpd) manufactured at UNC-Hemoderivados was negligible by in vitro assay. Despite this, we considered it important to conduct studies to assess the potential thrombogenic risk of our FIXpd concentrates using a modified stasis animal model. FIXpd were inject doses of 100 or 200 IU F IX kg-1 and some samples were supplemented with heparin (<0.5 of heparin/ IU FIX). Eight rats were tested at each dose level in the presence or absence of heparin, considering those samples with a thrombogenicity ≥2.0 as of potential thrombogenic risk. The mean scores ± SD 100 and 200 IU kg-1 in the presence or absence of heparin were 0.25±0.06 and 2.25±0.45 and 1.19±0.26 and 2.81±0.40, respectively. At both doses tested of FIXpd in the absence of heparin, there was no significant difference in mean scores (P<0.05). The encouraging data obtained from these animal experiments and results from in vitro tests, support the low thrombotic risk associated with the FIXpd concentrate manufactured in UNC Hemoderivados.

Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Deneau ◽  
Taufeeq Ahmed ◽  
Roger Blotsky ◽  
Krzysztof Bojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

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