scholarly journals Yellow Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor) Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Wheat—A Possible Safe, Sustainable Protein Source for Animal Feed?

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ochoa Sanabria ◽  
Natacha Hogan ◽  
Kayla Madder ◽  
Cedric Gillott ◽  
Barry Blakley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Kg Medium ◽  
Mealworm Larvae

The aim of this study was to determine the potential for accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) reared on high DON Fusarium-infected wheat and investigate the effects on production, survival and nutritional traits. Wheat containing 200 μg/kg DON was used as the control diet. A different source of wheat was sorted into six fractions and mixed to obtain low (2000 μg/kg), medium (10,000 μg/kg) and high (12,000 μg/kg) levels of DON. Each diet was replicated five times with 300 or 200 mealworms per replicate for the feeding and breeding trials, respectively. Trial termination occurred when the first two pupae were observed (32–34 days). There was no difference in the concentrations of DON detected in the larvae between diets that ranged from 122 ± 19.3 to 136 ± 40.5 μg/kg (p = 0.88). Excretion of DON was 131, 324, 230 and 742 μg/kg for control, low, medium and high, respectively. Nutritional analysis of larvae showed maximum crude protein of 52% and crude fat of 36%. Ash, fiber, chitin, fatty-acids and amino-acid content were consistent across diets. Survival was greater than 96% for all life stages and average daily gain ranged from 1.9 ± 0.1 to 2.1 ± 0.1 mg/day per mealworm. Larvae accumulated low levels of DON from Fusarium-infected wheat diets suggesting contaminated wheat could be used to produce a sustainable, safe protein source.

Impact of ergot-contaminated feed on yellow mealworm larvae performance and diet preference

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. Ochoa-Sanabria ◽  
D. Duhra ◽  
R. Newkirk ◽  
F. Buchanan ◽  
D. Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
G 21 ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Diet Preference ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Mealworm Larvae

This study aimed to determine if ergot alkaloids (EA) would accumulate in yellow mealworm larvae (YML, Tenebrio molitor) when present in their diets and investigate effects on production and survival. Larvae were reared on one of four diets: a control, low, medium, and high containing 63, 3,863, 8,471 and 15,316 μg/kg total EA, respectively. Each diet had five replicates with 150 YML per replicate totalling 3,000 for the 21-day trial. Initial and final weights of the feed and larvae were collected. Ergot alkaloid concentrations in YML at d 21 were 32.6, 94.0 and 155.5 μg/kg in the low, medium, and high treatments respectively, with none detected in those fed the control diet. The frass from YML fed the control, low, medium and high diets contained 18, 364, 1,094, and 1,424 μg/kg total EA, respectively. Feed intake was reduced in larvae fed the low, medium and high treatments relative to the control at 23.3-24.9 g/21 d compared to 30.1 g in the control (P=0.02). Feed-to-gain ratios, average daily gain, and final body weights did not differ among treatments (P>0.05). The larvae did not display any preference for diets when allowed to choose between the four diets (P>0.05). Larvae accumulated only low levels of EA from their diets and although feed intake was depressed, growth was maintained. Further research is required to determine the safety of yellow mealworm reared on EA-contaminated diets.

scholarly journals Meat Quality Parameters of Boschveld Indigenous Chickens as Influenced by Dietary Yellow Mealworm Meal

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3094
Author(s):  
Letlhogonolo Selaledi ◽  
Josephine Baloyi ◽  
Christian Mbajiorgu ◽  
Amenda Nthabiseng Sebola ◽  
Henriette de Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Breast Weight ◽  
Mealworm Larvae

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) meal inclusion in diets of indigenous chickens. A total of 160 mixed-sex indigenous Boschveld chickens were randomly divided into four categories: control soybean meal (SBM) and yellow mealworm with percentage levels of 5, 10 and 15 (TM5, TM10 and TM15, respectively). Five replicate pens per treatment were used, with eight birds per pen/replicate. On day 60, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered and eviscerated. Meat quality parameters were measured out on raw carcass and cooked breast meat. The carcass weight, breast weight and gizzard weight of the control group was higher (p < 0.05) than the treatment group (TM15). The cooking loss was lower (p < 0.05) in the SBM control group but higher in the TM15 group. Colour characteristics of breast meat before cooking was lighter in the TM10 and TM15 group, ranged from 61.7 to 69.3 for L* and was significant (p < 0.05). The TM10 and TM15 groups showed a lighter colour than the SBM and TM5 groups. The breast meat pH taken after slaughter was different (p < 0.05) in TM5 and TM15, with the highest reading (pH 6.0) in the TM5 group. In conclusion, our experiment indicated that dietary Tenebrio molitor in growing Boschveld indigenous chickens’ diets could be considered a promising protein source for Boschveld indigenous chickens.

scholarly journals Replacement of Fish Meal by Defatted Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Larvae in Diet Improves Growth Performance and Disease Resistance in Red Seabream (Pargus major)

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ido ◽  
Atsushi Hashizume ◽  
Takashi Ohta ◽  
Takayuki Takahashi ◽  
Chiemi Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Red Seabream ◽  
Mealworm Larvae ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae are a potential alternative animal protein source for sustainable aquaculture. However, reports on the successful complete substitution of fish meal with yellow mealworm larvae in an aquaculture diet have been limited. In this study, we conducted a feeding trial with red seabream (Pagrus major) being fed diets with partial or complete replacement of fish meal with yellow mealworm larvae defatted with a hexane–ethanol solution. Feed intake in red seabream increased in accordance with yellow mealworm larvae inclusion, and diets including 65% defatted mealworm larvae (complete replacement of fish meal) showed significant growth promotion. The addition of the oil fraction from mealworm larvae to diets resulted in growth reduction, despite meeting the nutritional requirements of red seabream. Moreover, the survival rate of red seabreams fed diets with partial replacement of fish meal with mealworm larvae was significantly higher in a challenge test with pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda bacteria. The present study demonstrated that yellow mealworm larvae are not merely an alternative animal protein, but have potential as functional feed ingredients for aquaculture production.

scholarly journals Replacing Fish Meal with Defatted Insect Meal (Yellow Mealworm Tenebrio molitor) Improves the Growth and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constant Motte ◽  
Alfredo Rios ◽  
Thomas Lefebvre ◽  
Hong Do ◽  
Morgane Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Yellow Mealworm

Recently, ecological and economic issues have affected fish meal (FM) supply, the main source of protein for shrimp. This triggered a search for alternative dietary protein sources for shrimp production. We studied the consequences of replacing FM with a defatted insect meal, ŸnMealTM (YM), comprised of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Growth and immune parameters of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannanmei) were compared after an eight-week feeding trial. Shrimp were kept in aquaria with densities of 60 and 40 shrimp/m2 and fed one of five diets in which a proportion of FM was replaced by YM. All diets were isoproteic, isoenergetic, and balanced in lysine and methionine. After the feeding trial, shrimp were challenged with pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Growth and feed conversion parameters improved when YM was included in shrimp diets; with the highest weight gain and best food conversion ratio (FCR) achieved when 50% of FM was replaced by YM versus the control diet that contained no YM (initial weight: 1.60 g/shrimp; growth: 5.27 vs. 3.94 g/shrimp; FCR 1.20 vs. 1.59). In challenged shrimp, mortality rates were significantly less among groups that received YM, with a 76.9% lower mortality rate in the 50% FM replacement group versus the control.

scholarly journals Fatty and amino acid profile of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Igor Jajic ◽  
Aleksandra Popovic ◽  
Miroslav Urosevic ◽  
Sasa Krstovic ◽  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Scale Production

The yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an edible insect, distributed worldwide and a convenient candidate for industrial-scale production. Mealworms could be commercially used for the substitution of conventional protein sources. In our previous study, it was found that T. molitor larvae predominantly contained crude protein (55.83%) and crude fat (25.19%), as well as low content of nitrogen-free extract (based on dry weight). Mealworm specimens were maintained in an incubator under controlled conditions in plastic containers. Insects were sieved and put into the container with boiling water and cooked for 180 seconds. Moisture content was determined as weight loss after drying of larvae. Amino acids were determined on an Agilent Technologies 1260 series HPLC system. Fatty acid composition was determined on a Thermo Scientific TRACE 1300 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector using TR-FAME column. The results showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid is very high, i.e. oleic acid (C18:1) formed the major lipid component in 40.83%, which was followed by linoleic acid (C18:2, omega-6 fatty acid) with 29.80% and linolenic acid (C18:3) with 1.08%. The essential amino acids are highly represented in the samples (in % dry matter). This primarily refers to isoleucine (4.12), tyrosine (3.86), phenylalanine (3.06), leucine (2.96), lysine (2.67) and methionine (1.76). The differences in essential fatty and amino acid content between our results and discussed literature data, could be the consequence of different substrates used for rearing of insects. After everything stated above, the biological value of T. molitor larvae proves that it could be suitable as animal feed.

scholarly journals Yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor, L.) as a possible alternative to soybean meal in broiler diets

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bovera ◽  
G. Piccolo ◽  
L. Gasco ◽  
S. Marono ◽  
R. Loponte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Mealworm Larvae
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