scholarly journals Alkaloid Lindoldhamine Inhibits Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a and Reveals Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Osmakov ◽  
Sergey G. Koshelev ◽  
Victor A. Palikov ◽  
Yulia A. Palikova ◽  
Elvira R. Shaykhutdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Acid Sensing Ion Channels ◽  
Electrode Voltage ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Almost All

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), which are present in almost all types of neurons, play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. The ASIC1a subtype is the most sensitive channel to the medium’s acidification, and it plays an important role in the excitation of neurons in the central nervous system. Ligands of the ASIC1a channel are of great interest, both fundamentally and pharmaceutically. Using a two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiological approach, we characterized lindoldhamine (a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L.) as a novel inhibitor of the ASIC1a channel. Lindoldhamine significantly inhibited the ASIC1a channel’s response to physiologically-relevant stimuli of pH 6.5–6.85 with IC50 range 150–9 μM, but produced only partial inhibition of that response to more acidic stimuli. In mice, the intravenous administration of lindoldhamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly reversed complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced thermal hyperalgesia and inflammation; however, this administration did not affect the pain response to an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (which correlated well with the function of ASIC1a in the peripheral nervous system). Thus, we describe lindoldhamine as a novel antagonist of the ASIC1a channel that could provide new approaches to drug design and structural studies regarding the determinants of ASIC1a activation.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Cell-Derived Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yang Tian ◽  
Chen Fu ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Cell ◽  
Almost All

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all kinds of mammalian cells that shuttle “cargo” from one cell to another, indicative of its role in cell-to-cell transportation. Interestingly, exosomes are known to undergo alterations or serve as a pathway in multiple diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), exosomes originating from neurons or glia cells contribute to or inhibit the progression of CNS-related diseases in special ways. In lieu of this, the current study investigated the effect of CNS cell-derived exosomes on different neurodegenerative diseases.

KINKY HAIR DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-183
Author(s):  
John H. Menkes
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Kinky Hair Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Enzymatic Defect ◽  
Kinky Hair

Despite many recent advances in our understanding of progressive degenerative diseases of the nervous system which have permitted us in some instances to define the underlying enzymatic defect and to detect the disease in utero, treatment for affected children has been nonexistent in almost all instances. The paper by Danks et al.1 in this issue of Pediatrics is, therefore, of considerable importance. It not only demonstrates the underlying cause for one of these disorders, Kinky Hair disease, but also suggests a relatively simple course of treatment. Ten years ago a group of Residents from the Departments of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, Neuropathology, and Dermatology described in this journal2 what appeared to be a new degenerative disease of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Distribution of Serotonergic Neurons in the Central Nervous System: A Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Study with Anti-Serotonin Antibodies

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1A_suppl) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takeuchi ◽  
H. Kimura ◽  
T. Matsuura ◽  
T. Yonezawa ◽  
Y. Sano
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Somata ◽  
Immunohistochemical Technique ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
System A ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Serotonin Antibodies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All

Distribution of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of various vertebrates was investigated with a highly sensitive immunohistochemical technique. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against an antigen prepared by coupling 5-HT to bovine thyroglobulin. 5-HT neurons were found to be distributed more widely and densely than has been heretofore described. Serotonergic neuronal somata are organized according to certain basic patterns, but there are interspecific differences with regard to the distribution of 5-HT fibers. The processes of 5-HT neurons form a dense plexus by ramification and anastomosis in almost all areas of the CNS, including the ventricular surfaces. In the light of our observations, Golgi's reticular theory may have to be revised.

scholarly journals Postmortem Quantitative Analysis of Prion Seeding Activity in the Digestive System

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Satoh ◽  
Takayuki Fuse ◽  
Toshiaki Nonaka ◽  
Trong Dong ◽  
Masaki Takao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All

Human prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders caused by prion protein. Although infectivity was historically detected only in the central nervous system and lymphoreticular tissues of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, recent reports suggest that the seeding activity of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions accumulates in various non-neuronal organs including the liver, kidney, and skin. Therefore, we reanalyzed autopsy samples collected from patients with sporadic and genetic human prion diseases and found that seeding activity exists in almost all digestive organs. Unexpectedly, activity in the esophagus reached a level of prion seeding activity close to that in the central nervous system in some CJD patients, indicating that the safety of endoscopic examinations should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Acid-sensing ion channels emerged over 600 Mya and are conserved throughout the deuterostomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (33) ◽  
pp. 8430-8435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Lynagh ◽  
Yana Mikhaleva ◽  
Janne M. Colding ◽  
Joel C. Glover ◽  
Stephan A. Pless
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Sodium Current ◽  
Oikopleura Dioica ◽  
Acid Sensing Ion Channels ◽  
Mammalian Lineage ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Functionally Diverse

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated ion channels broadly expressed in the vertebrate nervous system, converting decreased extracellular pH into excitatory sodium current. ASICs were previously thought to be a vertebrate-specific branch of the DEG/ENaC family, a broadly conserved but functionally diverse family of channels. Here, we provide phylogenetic and experimental evidence that ASICs are conserved throughout deuterostome animals, showing that ASICs evolved over 600 million years ago. We also provide evidence of ASIC expression in the central nervous system of the tunicate, Oikopleura dioica. Furthermore, by comparing broadly related ASICs, we identify key molecular determinants of proton sensitivity and establish that proton sensitivity of the ASIC4 isoform was lost in the mammalian lineage. Taken together, these results suggest that contributions of ASICs to neuronal function may also be conserved broadly in numerous animal phyla.

scholarly journals Flexible recruitments of fundamental muscle synergies in the trunk and lower limbs for highly variable movements and postures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Hikaru Yokoyama ◽  
Atsushi Sasaki ◽  
Tatsuya Kato ◽  
Kimitaka Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Muscle Synergies ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All

The extent to which muscle synergies represent the neural control of human behavior remains unknown. Here, we tested whether certain sets of muscle synergies that are fundamentally necessary across behaviors exist. We measured the electromyographic activities of 26 muscles including bilateral trunk and lower limb muscles during 24 locomotion, dynamic and static stability tasks, and extracted the muscle synergies using non-negative matrix factorization. Our results showed that 13 muscle synergies that may have unique functional roles accounted for almost all 24 tasks by combinations of single and/or merging of synergies. Therefore, our results may support the notion of the low dimensionality in motor outputs, in which the central nervous system flexibly recruits fundamental muscle synergies to execute diverse human behaviors. Further studies using manipulations of the central nervous system and/or neural recording are required the neural representation with such fundamental components of muscle synergies.

scholarly journals Review: 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 Receptors and their Role in the Modulation of Pain Response in the Central Nervous System

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Cortes-Altamirano ◽  
Adriana Olmos-Hernandez ◽  
Herlinda Bonilla Jaime ◽  
Paul Carrillo-Mora ◽  
Cindy Bandala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals The Effects of the Injection of Normal Brain Emulsion into Rabbits, with Special Reference to the Aetiology of the Paralytic Accidents of Antirabic Treatment

1932 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Weston Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Measure ◽  
Unusual Form ◽  
Occasional Occurrence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All

The occasional occurrence of ”paralytic accidents” during the course of antirabic inoculation is well recognised as an unfortunate complication of that therapeutic measure. The cases have to be distinguished from the rare instances of paralytic rabies in which, usually after extensive bites from rabid wolves, the disease assumes an unusual form and in which the virus can be recovered from the central nervous system. The paralytic accidents on the other hand are in no way related to the date or severity of the original injury—on occasion the suspected animal has later been proved healthy—but are definitely associated in time with the commencement of the treatment; almost all occur within 7–23 days of the first inoculation, and fatal cases show no rabic virus in the nervous structures.

scholarly journals ADAPTATION OF A LANSING STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS TO NEWBORN MICE

1951 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Casals ◽  
Peter K. Olitsky ◽  
Ralph O. Anslow
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
New Born ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Disease

By means of rapid serial passages, including 3 successive "blind" passages, the MEF1 strain, a Lansing-type poliomyelitis virus, has been adapted to new-born mice. The virus can readily be propagated in newborn mice, in which fully adapted virus induces in almost all inoculated animals the experimental disease, resulting in a much greater infectivity for the central nervous system and a uniformly short and regular incubation period.

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