scholarly journals Human Sapovirus among Outpatients with Acute Gastroenteritis in Spain: A One-Year Study

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel F Varela ◽  
Enrique Rivadulla ◽  
Alberto Lema ◽  
Jesús L Romalde
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Strains

Viral agents of human gastroenteritis affect people of all ages across the globe. As a mainly self-limiting disease, it is difficult to evaluate the real prevalence of etiological agents circulating in each region. Many of the analyzed outbreaks are caused by viruses of the family Caliciviridae, especially the genus Norovirus (NoV). Most studies have focused on other enteric viruses, leaving sapovirus (SaV) underestimated as an important emerging human threat. This one-year study analyzed clinical samples from hospital outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Spain, with the aim of revealing the importance of human SaV as an emerging viral pathogen. A total of 2667 stools were tested using reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR to detect and quantify SaV. Sapovirus was detected in all age groups, especially in infants, children, and the elderly. The prevalence was 15.64% (417/2667), and was slightly higher in 0–2- and 3–5-year-olds (19.53% and 17.95%, respectively) and much lower in 13–18-year-olds (9.86%). Positive samples were detected throughout the year, with peaks of detection during autumn and the late winter to early spring months. The mean value for the quantified samples was 6.5 × 105 genome copies per gram of stool (GC/g) (range 2.4 × 103–6.6 × 1011 GC/g). RT-nested PCR and sequencing were used for further genotyping. Genetic characterization showed a predominance of genogroup I (GI), followed by GII and GIV. The detection of multiple genotypes suggests the circulation of different strains without any clear tendency. The results obtained suggest SaV as the second major gastroenteritis agent after NoV in the region.

scholarly journals Intensive care–treated cardiac arrest: A retrospective study on the impact of extended age on mortality, neurological outcome, received treatments and healthcare-associated costs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Elisabet Holmström ◽  
Ilmar Efendijev ◽  
Rahul Raj ◽  
Pirkka T. Pekkarinen ◽  
Erik Litonius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death worldwide. As population ages, the need for research focusing on CA in elderly increases. This study investigated treatment intensity, 12-month neurological outcome, mortality and healthcare-associated costs for patients aged over 75 years treated for CA in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital. Methods: This single-centre retrospective study included adult CA patients treated in a Finnish tertiary hospital’s ICU between 2005 and 2013. We stratified the study population into two age groups: <75 and 75 years. We compared interventions defined by the median daily therapeutic scoring system (TISS-76) between the age groups to find differences in treatment intensity. We calculated cost-effectiveness by dividing the total one-year healthcare-associated costs of all patients by the number of survivors with a favourable neurological outcome. Favourable outcome was defined as a cerebral performance category (CPC) of 1–2 at 12 months after cardiac arrest. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent association between age group, mortality and neurological outcome. Results: This study included a total of 1,285 patients, of which 212 (16%) were 75 years of age. Treatment intensity was lower for the elderly compared to the younger group, with median TISS scores of 116 and 147, respectively (p < 0.001). The effective cost in euros for patients with a good one-year neurological outcome was €168,000 for the elderly and €120,000 for the younger group. At 12 months after CA 24% of the patients in the elderly group and 47% of the patients in the younger group had a CPC of 1-2 (p < 0.001). Age was an independent predictor of mortality (multivariate OR = 3.36, 95% CI:2.21-5.11, p < 0.001) and neurological outcome (multivariate OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.12-5.03, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The elderly ICU-treated CA patients in this study had worse neurological outcomes, higher mortality and lower cost-effectiveness than younger patients. Further efforts are needed to recognize the tools for assessing which elderly patients benefit from a more aggressive treatment approach in order to improve the cost-effectiveness of post-CA management.

scholarly journals Ten-year survival of Finnish lower limb amputees

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pohjolainen ◽  
H. Alaranta
Keyword(s):  
Median Survival ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
One Year

Data on mortality for the ten years following lower limb amputation were obtained from all the 16 surgical units in Southern Finland and the National Social Insurance Institution. In Southern Finland during the period 1984-1985, amputations of the lower limb were performed on 705 patients, of whom 382 (54%) were women and 323 (46%) men. The majority of the amputations, 47%, were performed for vascular diseases and 41% were performed for diabetes mellitus. The overall survival was 62% at one year after amputation, 49% at two years, 27% at five years and 15% at ten years. The median survival after amputation was 1 yr 5 mth for the women and 2 yr 8 mth for the men. Of the arteriosclerotics, 43% died within one postoperative year while 43% lived longer than two years and 23% longer than five years. The median survival of arteriosclerotics was 1 yr 6 mth. The corresponding figure for patients with diabetes was 1 yr 11 mth. Of the diabetics, 38% died within one postoperative year while 47% lived longer than two years and 20% longer than five years. Of the trauma patients, 86% lived longer than five years and 71% longer than ten years. Of the trans-femoral amputees, 54% lived longer than one year, 36% over two years, 18% over five years and 8% over ten years. The corresponding figures for trans-tibial amputees were 70%. 53%, 21% and 4%. Many elderly vascular and diabetic patients undergoing amputation have a reduced physiological reserve and high mortality. The more proximal the amputation, the greater the risk that the patient will never be able to walk or that the duration of use of the prosthesis will be short. If a prosthesis seems to be a reasonable option for the elderly amputee, any delays in prosthetic fitting should be avoided in older age groups.

The dynamics of Trifolium repens in a permanent pasture I. The population dynamics of leaves and nodes per shoot axis

1989 ◽  
Vol 237 (1287) ◽  
pp. 133-173 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
One Year

The framework is developed for a formal quantitative analysis of the vegetative dynamics of Trifolium repens , based on partitioning the components of its growth. The method is used to describe the vegetative dynamics of T. repens in one pasture during the course of one year. Seasonal and spatial variation were analysed by regression on several environmental variables. The present paper includes only a partial analysis, covering the dynamics of leaves and nodes per shoot axis. The remainder of the analysis will be presented in subsequent papers. The production of modules per shoot axis, and the subsequent mortality of leaves, and burial and mortality of nodes, showed different patterns of spatial and seasonal variability, and different types of response to the environment. There was much seasonal and little spatial variation in rates of birth, burial and death of leaves and nodes. In contrast, there was relatively little seasonal and much spatial variation in the numbers of leaves and nodes, even though these numbers are determined by present and past births and deaths. The rate of production of leaves by individual apices varied from 0.01 per day to 0.19 per day. It appeared to be determined largely by temperature, probably of the apex, but also to some extent by genotype. Leaves survived for 1-21 weeks. The risk of leaf mortality varied with the age of the leaf, the number of sheep in the field, and the season. Leaves born in November tended to live longest, and those born in summer with many sheep shortest. At least 56% of leaves were utilized by sheep, the remainder dying from other causes. Seasonal fluctuations in death rate of leaves tended to lag three weeks behind fluctuations in birth rate, but with additional fluctuations caused by changes in grazing. The lag caused there to be a minimum of 1-5 leaves per axis in January, and a maximum of 3-12 in August, although at all times the number of leaves was increasing on some axes and decreasing on others. Axes were progressively buried by worm casts and leaf litter within 0-39 weeks of birth. The rate of burial appeared to be determined largely by earthworm activity and by treading by sheep. In autumn and early spring, nodes and internodes were buried faster than new ones were born. As a result, as few as three internodes were exposed on average in March, compared with a maximum mean of 20 in August. By late winter, some axes were entirely buried and started to grow vertically upwards towards the soil surface. Nodes survived for 14-85 weeks, the mean longevity being 51 weeks. On average, each axis bore 25 nodes, with a range of 10-49 nodes. Seasonal fluctuations in death rate lagged some 4-8 weeks behind those in birth rate. Survivial of nodes and internodes was dependent on the establishment and survival of roots. When the oldest rooted node on an axis died, all of the axis between it and the next rooted node also died. The development of pseudo-taproots increased the longevity of nodes by 100 days. Leaves had much shorter lives than their nodes. The ‘average’ shoot axis bore 3.5 nodes with leaves, 4.2 nodes still visible but without leaves, and 17.6 nodes buried beneath worm casts and litter.

scholarly journals Characterising terrestrial influences on Antarctic air masses using Radon-222 measurements at King George Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 9903-9916 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Chambers ◽  
S.-B. Hong ◽  
A. G. Williams ◽  
J. Crawford ◽  
A. D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
South American ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract. We report on one year of high-precision direct hourly radon observations at King Sejong Station (King George Island) beginning in February 2013. Findings are compared with historic and ongoing radon measurements from other Antarctic sites. Monthly median concentrations reduced from 72 mBq m−3 in late-summer to 44 mBq m−3 in late winter and early spring. Monthly 10th percentiles, ranging from 29 to 49 mBq m−3, were typical of oceanic baseline values. Diurnal cycles were rarely evident and local influences were minor, consistent with regional radon flux estimates one tenth of the global average for ice-free land. The predominant fetch region for terrestrially influenced air masses was South America (47–53° S), with minor influences also attributed to aged Australian air masses and local sources. Plume dilution factors of 2.8–4.0 were estimated for the most terrestrially influenced (South American) air masses, and a seasonal cycle in terrestrial influence on tropospheric air descending at the pole was identified and characterised.

scholarly journals The incidence of rotavirus infection compared to bacterial infections in different age groups of pediatric patients with gastroenteritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Tatjana Babić ◽  
Biljana Miljković-Selimović ◽  
Dobrila Đorđević-Stanković ◽  
Branislava Kocić ◽  
Miloš Ranđelović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Town

AbstractRotavirus is the important cause of acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. The aim of the present research was to determine the incidence of rotavirus infections in infants and children up to seven years of age in the town of Niš. Seasonal prevalence of rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis was also evaluated. An enzyme immunoassay (RIDASCREEN® Rotavirus; R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to detect rotavirus in the stool specimens of 1,156 patients (newborns up to 7 years of age) presenting with gastroenteritis. Identification of bacteria and yeasts was performed by classical methods. The overall incidence of rotavirus in examined children was 5.97%. Among 144 hospitalized children, rotavirus infection was diagnosed in 28 (19.44%). In 1,012 children treated in outpatient setting for diarrheal diseases, rotaviruses were found in 41 (4.05%). The highest incidence of rotavirus infection was among the patients of one year of age. Among 1,156 pediatric children tested, bacterial pathogens were found in 6.31% and the most frequently isolated pathogens were Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella enteritidis. The highest prevalence of GE was recorded in the colder season, peaking in April (15.94%). Rotaviruses are an important factor in the etiology of the acute diarrheal diseases, especially in children hospitalized during the winter/spring season.

scholarly journals Survival Analysis of Hospitalized Elderly People with Fractures in Brazil Over One Year

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Brenda Kelly Gonçalves Nunes ◽  
Brunna Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Lara Cristina da Cunha Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Claci Fátima Weirich Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly ◽  
Study Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study analyzes the causes of death, survival, and other related factors in hospitalized elderly people with fractures over the course of one year. Methods: We followed 376 fracture patients for one year in a prospective cohort study to a reference hospital in central Brazil. The Cox regression model was used to analyze factors associated with survival. Results: The results indicate that the one-year mortality rate was high (22.9%). The independent factors linked to lower overall survival were as follows: patients aged ≥80 years with previous intensive care unit (ICU) admission and presence of comorbidities (diabetes mellitus [DM] and dementia). Conclusion: Our study results may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of fractures on the elderly population and reinforce the need to oversee age-groups, diabetic patients, and patients with complications during hospitalization.

Dispersal of Juvenile Brushtail Possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, after a Control Operation

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Cowan ◽  
R. E. Brockie ◽  
R. N. Smith ◽  
M. E. Hearfield
Keyword(s):  
Initial Density ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Dispersal Behaviour ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Control Operation ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
One Year

Long-distance movements of juvenile brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) from three habitats on farmland in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand, were studied by radio-tracking after a poisoning operation. In the five years after the possum population on the study site had been reduced by 90%, the population recovered to about half its initial density. During that time, about 25% of radio-tagged juveniles dispersed 2 km or more, a maximum of 12·8 km from their natal area, with no significantly preferred direction. A greater proportion of males dispersed than females. All but one of the juveniles dispersing did so before they were one year old, and most made several moves before settling. The bimodal timing of dispersal in summer and late winter–early spring reflected an underlying similar pattern of breeding. A higher proportion of possums dispersed from the low-density pastoral and cropping habitat than from the higher-density habitats of swamp and willows. The dispersal behaviour of juveniles after the control operation differed little from that before, suggesting that dispersal of possums is not strongly influenced by density-dependent factors at the natal site.

Cycles of reproduction and condition in Tasmanian blue mussels, Mytilus edulis planulatus

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Dix ◽  
A Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Condition Indices ◽  
One Year ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Major spawning by M. e. planulatus occurred in the late winter or early spring at Hinders Reef, Margate and Birchs Bay in 1980 and 1981. Spawning occurred also over the summer and early autumn although a major spawning was indicated during this period at only one site in one year. At the two sites where temperatures were recorded, the major spring spawning occurred at about or just above 10�C. Gonads built up reproductive condition during late autumn and winter at all sites in 1980 and 1981. Condition indices were highest at these times and fell when spring spawning occurred.

The winter treatment of grapevines with zinc and its interaction with time of pruning

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Coombe
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Zinc Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
June July

Field experiments on dormant Sultana vines showed that yields were increased by applying zinc sulphate solutions immediately after pruning. Treatment by the swabbing of pruning cuts gave similar results to a cover spray. Increasing the concentration of zinc sulphate (up to the maximum tested-35 per cent) increased yield and no bud injury was seen. A delay of a day or more between pruning and treatment drastically reduced its effectiveness. Shorter intervals were tested but the results fluctuated ; a possible reason for this is discussed. The movement of zinc along Sultana canes was gauged by analysis of sections of cane cut up at varying times after swabbing the pruned end. In one year zinc moved at least 20 inches within two days, whereas, in another, it moved only 10 inches after one month. The yield of Grenache vines was increased when pruning was delayed from early winter until late winter and early spring. Zinc treatment increased yields in vines pruned in June, July, and August, but depressed yields when applied to vines pruned in September.

Long-distance movments of juvenile brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) on farmland, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Cowan ◽  
RE Brockie ◽  
GD Ward ◽  
MG Efford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

Long-distance movements of juvenile male and female brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) at a farmland site, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, were studied by radio-tracking. About 20% of radio-tagged possums dispersed more than 2 km, moving up to 11.5 km from their natal area, most in a north-easterly direction. The proportion of males that dispersed was higher than that of females, but the difference was not statistically significant. All juveniles dispersing did so before they were one year old. The bimodal timing of dispersal in summer and late winter to early spring reflected an underlying similar pattern of breeding. Most possums made several moves before settling. A higher proportion of possums dispersed from the lowdensity area of pastoral and cropping land than from the higher-density areas of swamp and willows. A few dispersal records of ear-tagged animals were also obtained; most records were of males from the area of pastoral and cropping land, and movements ranged from 3 to 25 km.

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