scholarly journals Effects of a Covert Infection with Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus in Insect Populations of Phthorimaea operculella

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larem ◽  
Ben Tiba ◽  
Fritsch ◽  
Undorf-Spahn ◽  
Wennmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Covert Infection

Virus infections of insects can easily stay undetected, neither showing typical signs of a disease, nor being lethal. Such a stable and most of the time covert infection with Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) was detected in a Phthorimaea operculella laboratory colony, which originated from Italy (Phop-IT). This covert virus (named PhopGV-R) was isolated, purified and characterized at the genetic level by full genome sequencing. Furthermore, the insect colony Phop-IT was used to study the crowding effect, double infection with other PhopGV isolates (CR3 and GR1), and co-infection exclusion. An infection with a second homologous virus (PhopGV-CR3) activated the covert virus, while a co-infection with another virus isolate (PhopGV-GR1) led to its suppression. This study shows that stable virus infections can be common for insect populations and have an impact on population dynamics because they can suppress or enable co-infection with another virus isolate of the same species.

Susceptibility of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) to Insecticides

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Llanderal-Cázares ◽  
Angel Lagunes-Tejeda ◽  
José Luis Carrillo-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Sosa-Moss ◽  
Jorge Vera-Graziano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Potato Tuberworm ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Seven technical grade insecticides were evaluated against a susceptible population and against two field populations of the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) by topical application to third-instar larvae. Using a standard susceptible laboratory colony, we calculated median lethal doses (LD50) of 0.39, 0.059, 0.12, 0.00022, 0.18, 0.010 and 0.0007 μg/larvae for the insecticides DDT, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, azinphosmethyl, malathion, carbaryl and permethrin, respectively. By comparison, we found that a wild population from Oyameles, Puebla was susceptible to the insecticides while a population from Leon, Guanajuato was susceptible to DDT, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, malathion and permethrin, but was resistant to azinphosmethyl and carbaryl.

scholarly journals Effects of Single and Double Infections of Winter Wheat by Triticum mosaic virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus on Yield Determinants

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Byamukama ◽  
S. Tatineni ◽  
G. L. Hein ◽  
R. A. Graybosch ◽  
P. S. Baenziger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Spad Readings

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a recently discovered virus infecting wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. It is transmitted by wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella) which also transmit Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat mosaic virus. In a greenhouse study, winter wheat ‘Millennium’ (WSMV susceptible) and ‘Mace’ (WSMV resistant) were mechanically inoculated with TriMV, WSMV, TriMV+WSMV, or sterile water at the two-leaf growth stage. At 28 days after inoculation, final chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development [SPAD]) readings, area under the SPAD progress curve (AUSPC), the number of tillers per plant, shoot and root weight, and total nitrogen and carbon content were determined. In Millennium, all measured variables were significantly reduced by single or double virus infections, with the greatest reductions occurring in the double-infection treatment. In Mace, only final SPAD readings, AUSPC, and total nitrogen were significantly reduced by single or double virus infections. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.05), positive linear relationship between SPAD readings and shoot weight in Millennium but not in Mace. The relationship between total nitrogen and shoot weight was positive, linear, and significant in both cultivars. The results from this study indicate that Mace, a WSMV-resistant cultivar, is also resistant to TriMV, and double infection of winter wheat by TriMV and WSMV exacerbates symptom expression and loss of biomass in susceptible cultivars.

scholarly journals Cydia pomonella granulovirus Genotypes Overcome Virus Resistance in the Codling Moth and Improve Virus Efficiency by Selection against Resistant Hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Berling ◽  
Christine Blachere-Lopez ◽  
Olivier Soubabere ◽  
Xavier Lery ◽  
Antoine Bonhomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Resistant Trait

ABSTRACT Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for 15 years as a bioinsecticide in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) control. In 2004, some insect populations with low susceptibility to the virus were detected for the first time in southeast France. RGV, a laboratory colony of codling moths resistant to the CpGV-M isolate used in the field, was established with collection of resistant insects in the field followed by an introgression of the resistant trait into a susceptible colony (Sv). The resistance level (based on the 50% lethal concentrations [LC50s]) of the RGV colony to the CpGV-M isolate, the active ingredient in all commercial virus formulations in Europe, appeared to be over 60,000-fold compared to the Sv colony. The efficiency of CpGV isolates from various other regions was tested on RGV. Among them, two isolates (I12 and NPP-R1) presented an increased pathogenicity on RGV. I12 had already been identified as effective against a resistant C. pomonella colony in Germany and was observed to partially overcome the resistance in the RGV colony. The recently identified isolate NPP-R1 showed an even higher pathogenicity on RGV than other isolates, with an LC50 of 166 occlusion bodies (OBs)/μl, compared to 1.36 � 106 OBs/μl for CpGV-M. Genetic characterization showed that NPP-R1 is a mixture of at least two genotypes, one of which is similar to CpGV-M. The 2016-r4 isolate obtained from four successive passages of NPP-R1 in RGV larvae had a sharply reduced proportion of the CpGV-M-like genotype and an increased pathogenicity against insects from the RGV colony.

scholarly journals Detection of Cymbidium Mosaic Potexvirus and Odontoglossum Ringspot Tobamovirus from Thai Orchids by Rapid Immunofilter Paper Assay

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tanaka ◽  
H. Nishii ◽  
S. Ito ◽  
M. Kameya-Iwaki ◽  
P. Sommartya
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Necrotic Spot ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Double Infection

During 1992 to 1994, 442 orchid plants from 24 genera in 43 nurseries and locations in eight provinces of northern, central, and southern regions of Thailand were examined for Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus (CyMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (ORSV) with rapid immunofilter paper assay (RIPA). Both viruses were confirmed in all three regions. However, CyMV was detected in 17 genera in 93% nurseries, while ORSV was detected in only four genera (Arachnis, Cattleya, Oncidium, and Vanda) in 40% of nurseries tested. These results indicate that CyMV is more prevalent than ORSV in Thailand. Mixed infections of ORSV and CyMV were often found, and double infections were observed in 95% of ORSV-infected plants. The virus infections were divided into two categories: infection by CyMV alone and double infection by both viruses in Cattleya and Oncidium. CyMV was often detected alone from symptomatic or asymptomatic plants of certain orchid genera. In Oncidium, however, CyMV was detected alone from 79% of plants without symptoms, while both viruses were detected from 90% of plants with mosaic and necrotic spot symptoms on leaves. Expression of symptoms may be promoted by the double infection of CyMV and ORSV in Oncidium.

Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
R. F. Zeigel ◽  
W. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the eggs of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 884-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nunamaker ◽  
C. E. Nunamaker ◽  
B. C. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is probably the most economically important species of biting midge in the U.S. due to its involvement in the transmission of bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep, cattle and ruminant wildlife, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) of deer. Proposals have been made to recognize the eastern and western populations of this insect vector as distinct species. Others recommend use of the term “variipennis complex” until such time that the necessary biosystematic studies have been made to determine the genetic nature and/or minute morphological differences within the population structure over the entire geographic range of the species. Increasingly, students of ootaxonomy are relying on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess chorionic features. This study was undertaken to provide comparative chorionic data for the C. variipennis complex.Culicoides variipennis eggs were collected from a laboratory colony maintained in Laramie, Wyoming.

The Relationship Between Personality and Self-Report Abilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Andrew M. Johnson ◽  
Philip A. Vernon ◽  
Kerry L. Jang
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Ability Factor ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Environmental Factor

The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). The relationship between the two areas at the genetic level was found to range between –.01 and .60; the environmental correlations ranged from –.01 to .48. The results suggest that some of the self-report ability scores are related to self-report personality, and that some of these observed relationships may have a common genetic basis while others are from a common environmental factor.

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