scholarly journals Report of One-Year Prospective Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Dogs and Cats in France with Various Exposure Risks: Confirmation of a Low Prevalence of Shedding, Detection and Complete Sequencing of an Alpha Variant in a Cat

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1759
Author(s):  
Emilie Krafft ◽  
Solène Denolly ◽  
Bertrand Boson ◽  
Sophie Angelloz-Pessey ◽  
Sophie Levaltier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infected Animal ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Complete Sequencing ◽  
Exposure Risks ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Low Prevalence

Despite the probable zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, only limited research efforts have been made to understand the role of companion animals in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. According to recent serological prevalence studies, human-to-companion animal transmission is quite frequent, which led us to consider that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animal to human, albeit negligible in the present context, may have been underestimated. In this study, we provide the results of a prospective survey that was conducted to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 isolation rate by qRT-PCR in dogs and cats with different exposure risks and clinical statuses. From April 2020 to April 2021, we analyzed 367 samples and investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using qRT-PCR. Only four animals tested positive, all of them being cats. Three cats were asymptomatic and one presented a coryza-like syndrome. We describe in detail the infection in two cats and the associated clinical characteristics. Importantly, we obtained SARS-CoV-2 genomes from one infected animal and characterized them as Alpha variants. This represents the first identification of the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant in an infected animal in France.

scholarly journals Impact of seven years of mass drug administration and recrudescence of Schistosoma haematobium infections after one year of treatment gap in Zanzibar: Repeated cross-sectional studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009127
Author(s):  
Lydia Trippler ◽  
Shaali Makame Ame ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
Saleh Juma ◽  
Salum Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reagent Strips ◽  
One Year ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background Considerable progress towards the elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis was made by the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission project from 2012 till 2016, when biannual praziquantel mass drug administration (MDA) alone or with additional snail control or behaviour change interventions were implemented. Annual MDA was continued in 2017 and 2018, but not in 2019, imposing a 16-month treatment gap. We monitored the Schistosoma haematobium prevalence from 2012 till 2020 and assessed recrudescence patterns with focus on 2020. Methodology Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2011/12 till 2020 in 90 communities and 90 schools in Zanzibar. Annually, around 4,500 adults and up to 20,000 schoolchildren were surveyed. The S. haematobium prevalence was detected by urine filtration and reagent strips. In 2020, risk factors for infection were investigated using generalized estimated equation models. Principal findings In adults, the apparent S. haematobium prevalence was 3.9% in 2011 and 0.4% in 2020. In schoolchildren, the prevalence decreased from 6.6% in 2012 to 1.2% in 2019 with vicissitudes over the years. Prominent recrudescence of infection from 2.8% in 2019 to 9.1% (+225%) in 2020 was observed in 29 schools with historically moderate prevalences (≥10%). Compared with 2019, reinfection in 2020 was particularly striking in boys aged 9–16 years. Being male was a risk factor for infection in 2020 (adults: odds ratio (OR): 6.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.96–19.60; schoolchildren: OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.52–2.78). Living near to a natural freshwater body significantly increased the odds of infection in adults (OR: 2.90, CI: 1.12–7.54). Conclusions/Significance After 11 rounds of MDA over 7 years and a 16-month treatment gap, the urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence considerably rebounded in hotspot areas. Future elimination efforts in Zanzibar should focus on re-intensifying MDA plus additional interventions in hotspot areas. In low-prevalence areas, the strategy might be adapted from MDA to targeted surveillance-response.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disorders in a Specialized Hospital in Guyana

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Yaquelin Gonzalez Ricardo ◽  
Yaritza Lopez Diaz ◽  
Ravendra Johnaton Dudnauth ◽  
Maritza Oliva Perez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Sheehan Syndrome ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic

Background: Endocrine diseases are characterized by hormonal alterations (excess or defect). Due to the low prevalence (less than five case 5 / 10 000 inhabitants), a large number of them, qualify to be classified as rare diseases such as those of organs like: hypophysis, adrenal glands, gonads as well as some congenital thyroid diseases. Others like Diabetes are considering almost epidemic. Objective: To define the types of diseases observed in the only Endocrinology Clinic in Guyana. Methods: The diagnoses of all patients who attended the endocrinology clinic of the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation from June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017, were analyzed. Results: During the one year of this study, approximately 639 patients attended the endocrinology clinic. Of this, 178 patients had thyroid-related diseases with 80 of these having thyrotoxicosis, 49 having hypothyroidism followed by 110 patients with diabetes mellitus. Pituitary tumors were also diagnosed with 2 of acromegaly and 6 of prolactinomas. Cases of hypoadrenalism (n = 5), hypogonadism (n = 4), and pheochromocytoma (n = 6) were not rare; gonadal disease were also found in 17 patients. Thyroid disease was the most frequent diagnosis followed by diabetes mellitus. New emerging endocrine disorders such as hyperlipidemia (n = 1) were rare. Some persons attending the clinic were also noted to be overweight /obese however this was not the primary reason for joining the clinic. Traditional diseases such as Sheehan Syndrome have become rare due to improvements in Obstetric care. 

scholarly journals Ocular trauma in patients presenting to Dhulikhel Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Sthapit ◽  
S Marasini ◽  
U Khoju ◽  
G Thapa ◽  
B P Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Common Location ◽  
One Year ◽  
Complete History ◽  
Better Than

Background Ocular trauma is an important cause of blindness and ocular morbidity throughout the world. Prevalence studies help to define the target group, plan strategies and thereby lessen trauma related blindness in the country. Objective To identify the risk factors for ocular trauma, those at risk, describe the visual acuity at time of clinical presentation, and assess the nature and severity of ocular trauma in patients presenting to Dhulikhel Hospital’s emergency department and eye OPD with ocular trauma. Methods It is a descriptive and prospective study of all the patients with ocular trauma presenting to Dhulikhel Hospital from December 2009 to December 2010. A complete history and detailed ophthalmologic evaluation was done and noted down. Results There were 112 subjects with ocular trauma. Mean age was 28.43±16.36 years with a range of one year to 74 years. Males predominated with 72.3% frequency (p<0.001). Incidence peaked in third decade of life (p<0.01). Ocular trauma peaked in months of September and October. Presenting visual acuity better than 6/12 was noted in 83.9% of cases whereas 2.7% of cases had visual acuity of <3/60. Household (56.3%, p<0.001) was the commonest place of injury with wooden objects (19.6%) being the commonest object of injury. Most of the injuries were mechanical (85.7%, p>0.001). ConclusionBlunt injuries were more common in young males. Household and workplace were common location of ocular injuries. Public awareness and strict legislation to use personal protective devices can help to reduce the occurrence of ocular injury.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i1.6264 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(1):54-7

scholarly journals Prevalence of Workplace Physical Violence against Health Care Professionals by Patients and Visitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Lu Li ◽  
Rui-Qi Li ◽  
Dan Qiu ◽  
Shui-Yuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
One Year

Workplace physical violence against health care professionals perpetrated by patients and visitors has been a persistent problem worldwide. Prevalence estimates varied vastly across studies and there was a lack of quantitative syntheses of prevalence studies. This review aimed to quantify pooled one-year prevalence estimates at the global and regional levels. A systematic literature search was performed in the databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase between 1 January 2000 and 8 October 2018. Studies providing information about one-year prevalence of self-reported workplace physical violence against health care professionals perpetrated by patients or visitors were included. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran’s chi-squared test (Cochran’s Q) and I2 values. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore heterogeneity. A total of 65 eligible studies reported one-year prevalence estimates for 61,800 health care professionals from 30 countries. The pooled one-year prevalence of workplace physical violence against health care professionals perpetrated by patients or visitors was 19.33% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.49–22.53%) and the overall heterogeneity was high across studies. We noted geographic and staff categories variations for prevalence estimates through subgroup analysis. The meta-regression showed that sample size, type of health care setting, and quality score were significant moderators for heterogeneity. One in five health care professionals experienced workplace physical violence perpetrated by patients or visitors worldwide annually. Practical intervention was needed to ensure safety of health care professionals.

scholarly journals Feeding Practices and Growth in a Healthy Population of Cuban Infants

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Manuel Amador ◽  
Mirta P. Hermelo ◽  
Mario Valdes ◽  
Marcos Ruiz ◽  
Rafael Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
One Year ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Breast Fed

The feeding practices for a selected sample of 100 infants and the infants’ growth were followed from hospital discharge until one year of age. Normal, full-term newborn infants weighing more than 2,500 g whose mothers were 20–30 years old, literate, and married and had received regular prenatal care were selected for the study. The mode of feeding and the infant's weight, length, and body muss index were recorded every 15 days up to 360 days of age. A low prevalence of breast-feeding and early weaning, with early introduction of solid foods, were found. Infants who were bottle-fed from birth were heavier at 90 and 360 days but did not differ in length from those who were breast-fed. This difference was probably due to a higher energy intake in the infants who were never breast-fed.

Hygienic and health characteristics of donkey milk during a follow-up study

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pilla ◽  
Valentina Daprà ◽  
Alfonso Zecconi ◽  
Renata Piccinini
Keyword(s):  
Companion Animals ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Low Prevalence

For its characteristics, donkey milk has been proposed as an alternative to goat or artificial milk to feed allergic infants. Therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge on health and immunological characteristics of donkey milk. Ten donkeys, bred as companion animals, were enrolled in this study and sampled once a month, for eight months. Milk (10 ml) was collected from each half udder for somatic cell count (SCC), bacteriological analysis and total bacteria count (TBC). The major pathogens were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were further genotyped by nanoarray analysis. Whey lysozyme and NAGase (NAG) activities were also assessed. Overall, 101 half-udder milk samples were taken. They showed very low values of TBC (<250 cfu/ml) and SCC (<50 000 cells/ml) and a minor prevalence of pathogens: Staph. aureus was isolated only from 5 milk samples (3 animals), Streptococcus equi from 2 samples and Str. equisimilis from a single sample. All the isolates were sensitive to all antibiotic classes used in veterinary medicine. None of the Staph. aureus isolates were shown to harbour genes coding for any enterotoxin, toxic-shock syndrome toxin or antibiotic resistance. Lysozyme levels were always very high (4000–5000 U/ml), while NAG values were mostly low (<50 U/ml), out of the last part of lactation. The results of this study confirmed the low prevalence of intramammary infections in donkey and the absence of food-borne pathogens, suggesting that donkey milk could be a safe food, if the mammary gland is healthy and the animals are milked in proper hygienic conditions.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant of concern detected in a pet dog and cat after exposure to a person with COVID-19, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hamer ◽  
Ria Ghai ◽  
Italo B. Zecca ◽  
Lisa D. Auckland ◽  
Christopher M. Roundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Oral Swab ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Transmission Study

Abstract As part of a longitudinal household transmission study of pets living with persons with COVID-19 in Texas, two pets were confirmed to be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC). The pets were a dog and a cat from the same household, sampled two days after their owner tested positive for COVID-19. The oral, nasal, and fur swabs for both pets tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR and consensus whole genome sequences from the dog and cat were 100 % identical and matched the B.1.1.7 VOC. Virus was isolated from the cat’s nasal swab. One month after initial detection of infection, the pets were re-tested twice at which time only the fur swabs (both pets) and oral swab (dog only) remained positive, and neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 were present in both animals. Sneezing by both pets was noted by the owner in the weeks between initial and follow-up testing. This study documents the first detection of B.1.1.7. in companion animals in the United States, and the first genome recovery and isolation of B.1.1.7 variant of concern globally in any animal.

scholarly journals P.038 Investigating the role of long non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma multiforme

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S26-S26
Author(s):  
A Lebel ◽  
V Charest ◽  
P Whitlock ◽  
D Charest ◽  
P Morin
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Resistance Modulation ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
One Year

Background: Malignant gliomas are the most common and deadly brain tumors. Mean survival rate for a patient diagnosed with a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains slightly over one year. Standard of care consists of treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy. Recent work has highlighted functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GBM progression and TMZ response even though the information regarding these newly discovered molecules is sparse. The overarching objective of this project was thus to assess the expression of select lncRNAs in GBM tumor samples and in models of TMZ resistance. Methods: A qRT-PCR-based approach was undertaken to measure six lncRNAs in 19 primary GBM samples, four GBM cell lines and in-house developed TMZ-resistant GBM cells. Results: Elevated levels of Hotair and H19 were observed in primary GBM tumors while decreased expression of MEG3 was recorded in the same samples. Interestingly, levels of PANDA increased 3.4-fold in GBM cells resistant to TMZ when compared with their sensitive counterparts. Conclusions: Overall, this work provides evidence of lncRNA deregulation in GBM tumors and reveals a previously unexplored lncRNA potentially involved in TMZ resistance. Modulation of lncRNA targets via RNAi-mediated approaches is envisioned to clarify their function and to strengthen their position as therapeutic options in GBMs.

A one year prevalence study of schizophrenia on Reunion Island

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jay ◽  
P Gorwood ◽  
J Feingold ◽  
M Leboyer
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Range Difference ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
One Year ◽  
Low Prevalence

SummaryReview of geographical comparisons of the prevalence of schizophrenic disorders found a ten-fold range difference between geographical contiguous groups, with high and low prevalence pockets. We performed a 1-year prevalence study of schizophrenia in a limited area of Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, and analysed the prevalence variability in contiguous regions of this area. We found one of the highest reported age-corrected (above 15 years) 1-year prevalence of schizophrenia (14.9 per thousand). Large discrepancies in the distribution of prevalence rates of schizophrenia were observed between the five towns analysed. Interestingly, when a higher prevalence was observed, it was highly correlated with an increase of the percentage of familial cases (r = 0.989, df = 3, P = 0.0014). Presence of founder effect often described in geographical isolates could explain the high prevalence rate and the heterogeneity between towns observed in our sample.

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