scholarly journals Newlavirus, a Novel, Highly Prevalent, and Highly Diverse Protoparvovirus of Foxes (Vulpes spp.)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Marta Canuti ◽  
Émilie Bouchard ◽  
Bruce Rodrigues ◽  
Hugh G. Whitney ◽  
Marti Hopson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Sequence Identities

The genus Protoparvovirus (family Parvoviridae) includes several viruses of carnivores. We describe a novel fox protoparvovirus, which we named Newlavirus as it was discovered in samples from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Analysis of the full non-structural protein (NS1) sequence indicates that this virus is a previously uncharacterized species. Newlavirus showed high prevalence in foxes from both the mainland (Labrador, 54/137, 39.4%) and the island of Newfoundland (22/50, 44%) but was not detected in samples from other carnivores, including coyotes (n = 92), lynx (n = 58), martens (n = 146), mink (n = 47), ermines (n = 17), dogs (n = 48), and ringed (n = 4), harp (n = 6), bearded (n = 6), and harbor (n = 2) seals. Newlavirus was found at similar rates in stool and spleen (24/80, 30% vs. 59/152, 38.8%, p = 0.2) but at lower rates in lymph nodes (2/37, 5.4%, p < 0.01). Sequencing a fragment of approximately 750 nt of the capsid protein gene from 53 samples showed a high frequency of co-infection by more than one strain (33.9%), high genetic diversity with 13 genotypes with low sequence identities (70.5–87.8%), and no geographic segregation of strains. Given the high prevalence, high diversity, and the lack of identification in other species, foxes are likely the natural reservoir of Newlavirus, and further studies should investigate its distribution.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Genogroup I and Genogroup II Picobirnaviruses in Dromedary Camels

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Jade L. L. Teng ◽  
Ulrich Wernery ◽  
Po Chun Wong ◽  
Elaine Chan ◽  
Hwei Huih Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Genetic Reassortment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Epidemiology Studies ◽  
High Diversity

Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are small non-enveloped bisegmented double-stranded RNA viruses found in humans, mammals, and birds. Increasing molecular epidemiology studies suggest a high sequence diversity of PBVs in numerous hosts and the environment. In this study, using 229 fecal samples from dromedary camels in Dubai, 52.8% were positive for PBVs, of which 77.7% and 41.3% were positive for genogroup I and II, respectively, and 19.0% were positive for both genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed high diversity among the sequences of genogroup I and II dromedary PBVs. Marked nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in 75.5% and 46.0% of genogroup I and II RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences, respectively, suggesting the co-existence of multiple strains in the same specimen. Both high genetic diversity and prevalence of genogroup I and II PBV in dromedaries were observed. In fact, the prevalence of genogroup II PBV in dromedaries is the highest among all animals to date. The complete/near-complete core genomes of five genogroup I and one genogroup II dromedary PBVs and partial segment 1 and 2 of both genotypes were also sequenced. The dromedary PBV genome organizations were similar to those of other animals. Genetic reassortment and mutation are both important in the ecology and evolution of PBVs.

scholarly journals High prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine bocaviruses in pigs in the USA, and identification of multiple novel porcine bocaviruses

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hou Jiang ◽  
Chao-Ting Xiao ◽  
Shuang-Hui Yin ◽  
Priscilla F. Gerber ◽  
Patrick G. Halbur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
The Usa

Viruses in the genus Bocavirus are associated with respiratory and enteric disease in dogs and cattle. In addition, novel porcine bocaviruses (PBoVs) have been identified in domestic and wild pigs in recent years, but are of unknown relevance to date. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence ra tes and genetic diversity of PBoVs in pigs in the USA. Using newly established multiplex real-time PCR assays, 385 lung, lymph node, serum and faecal samples from pigs with various disease conditions were investigated. A high PBoV prevalence rate ranging from 21.3 to 50.8 % was identified in the investigated samples and often two or more PBoV species were detected in the same sample. Cloning and sequencing analysis of the partial non-structural protein NS1 and the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 of DNA samples positive for PBoV groups 1 (n = 6), 2 (n = 16) and 3 (n = 42), including subgroups 3A, 3B or 3C, revealed a high genetic diversity especially for the PBoV G3 VP2 gene, whereas the PBoV group 1 VP1 gene displayed a low nucleotide polymorphism. Using primer walking, 18 partial or nearly complete genomes of PBoVs were obtained and six of the 18 nearly complete genomes represented novel PBoV species. Recombination analysis using partial NS1, VP1 and VP2 genes and the nearly complete genomes indicated possible recombination events within and between PBoVs. Further studies will be required to reveal the possible pathogenic role of these diverse PBoVs.

scholarly journals Chance or Necessity—The Fungi Co−Occurring with Formica polyctena Ants

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Igor Siedlecki ◽  
Michał Gorczak ◽  
Alicja Okrasińska ◽  
Marta Wrzosek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formica Polyctena ◽  
Ant Nests ◽  
Mutualistic Fungi ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Better Than

Studies on carton nesting ants and domatia−dwelling ants have shown that ant–fungi interactions may be much more common and widespread than previously thought. Until now, studies focused predominantly on parasitic and mutualistic fungi–ant interactions occurring mostly in the tropics, neglecting less−obvious interactions involving the fungi common in ants’ surroundings in temperate climates. In our study, we characterized the mycobiota of the surroundings of Formica polyctena ants by identifying nearly 600 fungal colonies that were isolated externally from the bodies of F. polyctena workers. The ants were collected from mounds found in northern and central Poland. Isolated fungi were assigned to 20 genera via molecular identification (ITS rDNA barcoding). Among these, Penicillium strains were the most frequent, belonging to eight different taxonomic sections. Other common and widespread members of Eurotiales, such as Aspergillus spp., were isolated very rarely. In our study, we managed to characterize the genera of fungi commonly present on F. polyctena workers. Our results suggest that Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mucor, Schwanniomyces and Entomortierella are commonly present in F. polyctena surroundings. Additionally, the high diversity and high frequency of Penicillium colonies isolated from ants in this study suggest that representatives of this genus may be adapted to survive in ant nests environment better than the other fungal groups, or that they are preferentially sustained by the insects in nests.

Accompanying Symptoms of Cluster Attacks: Their Relevance to the Diagnostic Criteria

Cephalalgia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Nappi ◽  
Giuseppe Micieli ◽  
Anna Cavallini ◽  
Carla Zanferrari ◽  
Giorgio Sandrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms ◽  
Central Drive

Two-hundred-and-fifty-one consecutive cluster headache (CH) patients referred to the Pavia and Parma Headache Centers were evaluated in order to verify the presence and recurrence of one or more autonomic symptoms. Data obtained show that in 2.8% of patients cluster attacks were not accompanied by localized autonomic symptoms, thus confirming the report of Ekbom. We observed a high prevalence of photophobia, nausea and vomiting. The IHS diagnostic criteria for CH may need to be modified. The high frequency of “general” autonomic symptoms seems to suggest a component of “central” drive in the physiopathology of cluster headache.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of a Plum pox virus W Isolate in Plum Germplasm Hand Carried into the USA from the Ukraine Shows a Close Relationship to a Latvian Isolate

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vessela Mavrodieva ◽  
Delano James ◽  
Karen Williams ◽  
Sarika Negi ◽  
Aniko Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sequence Identities ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Four of 19 Prunus germplasm accessions hand carried from the Ukraine into the United States without authorization were found to be infected with Plum pox virus (PPV). Of the three isolates characterized, isolates UKR 44189 and UKR 44191 were confirmed to be isolates of PPV strain W, and UKR 44188 was confirmed to be an isolate of PPV strain D. UKR 44189 and UKR 44191 are very closely related to the PPV strain W isolate LV-145bt (HQ670748) from Latvia. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities between these three isolates were greater than 99%. This indicates that the isolates are very closely related and likely originated from a common source. The high genetic diversity among PPV-W strain isolates allowed the identification of potential recombination events between PPV isolates. It appears also that GF 305 peach and Prunus tomentosa are not hosts for the PPV isolate UKR 44189.

scholarly journals High prevalence of somatic MAP2K1 mutations in BRAF V600E–negative Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 1655-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah A. Brown ◽  
Larissa V. Furtado ◽  
Bryan L. Betz ◽  
Mark J. Kiel ◽  
Helmut C. Weigelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Key Points ◽  
High Prevalence

Key Points Targeted genome sequencing reveals high-frequency somatic MAP2K1 mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. MAP2K1 mutations are mutually exclusive with BRAF mutations and may have implications for the use of BRAF and MEK targeted therapy.

Season of birth interacts with measures of inbreeding in multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees: evidence from genetic isolates in Daghestan

Open Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
Kazima Bulayeva ◽  
John McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Isolates

AbstractWhile the season-of-birth effect is one of the most consistent epidemiological features of schizophrenia, there is a lack of consistency with respect to the interaction between season of birth and family history of schizophrenia. Apart from family history, measures related to consanguinity can be used as proxy markers of genomic heterogeneity. Thus, these measures may provide an alternate, indirect index of genetic susceptibility. We had the opportunity to explore the interaction between season of birth and measure of consanguinity in well-described genetic isolates in Daghestan, some of which are known for their relatively high prevalence of schizophrenia. Our previous population-genetic study showed Daghestan has an extremely high genetic diversity between the ethnic populations and a low genetic diversity within them. The isolates selected for this study include some with more than 200 and some with less than 100 generations of demographical history since their founding. Based on pedigrees of multiply-affected families, we found that among individuals with schizophrenia, the measure of consanguinity was significantly higher in the parents of those born in winter/spring compared to those born in summer/autumn. Furthermore, compared to summer/autumn born, winter/spring born individuals with schizophrenia had an earlier age-of-onset, and more prominent auditory hallucinations. Our results suggest that the offspring of consanguineous marriages, and thus those with reduced allelic heterogeneity, may be more susceptible to the environmental factor(s) underpinning the season-of-the effect in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Prevalent ALMS1 Pathogenic Variants in Spanish Alström Patients

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Brais Bea-Mascato ◽  
Carlos Solarat ◽  
Irene Perea-Romero ◽  
Teresa Jaijo ◽  
Fiona Blanco-Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Alström Syndrome ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Alstrom Syndrome

Alström syndrome (ALMS) is an ultrarare disease with an estimated prevalence lower than 1 in 1,000,000. It is associated with disease-causing mutations in the Alström syndrome 1 (ALMS1) gene, which codifies for a structural protein of the basal body and centrosomes. The symptomatology involves nystagmus, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), neurodegenerative disorders and multiorgan fibrosis. We refined the clinical and genetic diagnosis data of 12 patients from 11 families, all of them from Spain. We also studied the allelic frequency of the different variants present in this cohort and performed a haplotype analysis for the most prevalent allele. The genetic analysis revealed 2 novel homozygous variants located in the exon 8, p.(Glu929Ter) and p.(His1808GlufsTer20) in 2 unrelated patients. These 2 novel variants were classified as pathogenic after an in silico experiment (computer analysis). On the other hand, 2 alleles were detected at a high frequency in our cohort: p.(Tyr1714Ter) (25%) and p.(Ser3872TyrfsTer19) (16.7%). The segregation analysis showed that the pathogenic variant p.(Tyr1714Ter) in 3 families is linked to a rare missense polymorphism, p.(Asn1787Asp). In conclusion, 2 novel pathological mutations have been discovered in homozygosis, as well as a probable founder effect in 3 unrelated families.

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