scholarly journals Natural Coinfection between Novel Species of Baculoviruses in Spodoptera ornithogalli Larvae

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2520
Author(s):  
Gloria Patricia Barrera ◽  
Laura Fernanda Villamizar ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Araque ◽  
Juliana Andrea Gómez ◽  
Elsa Judith Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Core Genes

Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest in different crops of economic relevance in America. For its control, strategies that include chemicals are usually used; so, the description of entomopathogens would be very useful for the formulation of biopesticides. In this regard, two different baculoviruses affecting S. ornithogalli were isolated in Colombia, with one of them being an NPV and the other a GV. Ultrastructural, molecular, and biological characterization showed that both isolates possess the 38 core genes and are novel species in Baculoviridae, named as Spodoptera ornithogalli nucleopolyhedrovirus (SporNPV) and Spodoptera ornithogalli granulovirus (SporGV). The bioassays carried out in larvae of S. ornithogalli and S. frugiperda showed infectivity in both hosts but being higher in the first. In addition, it was observed that SporGV potentiates the insecticidal action of SporNPV (maximum value in ratio 2.5:97.5). Both viruses are individually infective but coexist in nature, producing mixed infections with a synergistic effect that improves the performance of the NPV and enables the transmission of the GV, which presents a slowly killing phenotype.

Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Twinning Stress of 10M and 2M Martensites in Ni-Mn-Ga System

2006 ◽  
Vol 512 ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nariaki Okamoto ◽  
Takashi Fukuda ◽  
Tomoyuki Kakeshita ◽  
Tetsuya Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy ◽  
Anisotropy Constant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Magnetic Shear ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Twinning Plane ◽  
Twinning Shear ◽  
The Difference

Ni2MnGa alloy with 10M martensite exhibits rearrangement of martensite variants (RMV) by magnetic field, but Ni2.14Mn0.92Ga0.94 with 2M martensite does not. In order to explain the difference, we measured uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant Ku and the stress required for twinning plane movement τreq in these alloys. Concerning the former alloy, the maximum value of magnetic shear stress acting across twinning plane τmag, which is evaluated as |Ku| divided by twinning shear, becomes larger than τr eq. On the other hand, concerning the latter alloy, the maximum of τmag is only one-tenth of τreq at any temperature examined. Obviously, the relation, τmag> τr eq, is satisfied when RMV occurs by magnetic field and vice versa. In this martensite, the large twinning shear of 2M martensite is responsible for small τmag and large τreq.

scholarly journals A.C conductivity and dielectric properties of (PVA/ PEO) blends doped with MWCNTs

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (30) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene

A.C electrical conductivity and dielectric properties for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) /poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends undopedand doped with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) withdifferent concentrations (1, and 3 wt %) in the frequency range(25x103 - 5x106 Hz) were investigated. Samples of (PVA/PEO)blends undoped and doped with MWCNTs were prepared usingcasting technique. The electrical conductivity measurements showedthat σA.C is frequency dependent and obey the relation σA.C =Aωs forundoped and doped blends with 1% MWCNTs, while it is frequencyindependent with increases of MWCNTs content to 3%. Theexponent s showed proceeding increase with the increase of PEOratio (≥50%) for undoped blends samples, while s value for dopedblends exhibits to change in different manner, i.e. s increases andreach maximum value at 50/50 PVA/PEO, then decreases forresidual doped blends samples with 1% MWCNTs on the other handthe exponent s decrease and reach minimum value at 50/50PVA/PEO for samples doped with 3% MWCNTs, then return toincrease. The results explained in different terms.

EFFECT OF LATITUDE ON THE CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD FOR DIAPAUSE INDUCTION IN THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Hegdekar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
H 20 ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe critical photoperiod for diapause induction in pupae of Mamestra configurata Walker in Manitoba was 16 h 06 min at Glenlea (49°38′ N), 16 h 20 min at Grandview (51°10′ N), and 16 h 42 min at Birch River (52°24′ N). The differences in cirtical photoperiods observed at Glenlea and Grandview were not significant. At least two different photoperiods exist, one in the Glenlea and Grandview areas and the other in the Birch River area. In the laboratory, the critical photoperiod was 13.5 h when larvae were exposed to a daily fluctuating temperature regime of 12 h at 25 °C and 12 h at 10 °C. Longer critical photoperiods found for the field populations may be related to the relatively low ambient temperatures to which the larvae were exposed in field cages.

New subgenus and new species of marine benthic ostracods of genus Doloria (Ostracoda; Myodocopina) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3356 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR G. CHAVTUR ◽  
SIMONE N. BRANDÃO ◽  
ALEXANDER G. BASHMANOV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
Fifth Limb ◽  
Water Depths

The project ANDEEP was designed to fill gaps in the knowledge of the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Threeoceanographic cruises (ANDEEP I, II and III) were undertaken in 2002 and 2005 in the Atlantic Sector of the SouthernOcean. Hundreds of samples were collected from 40 stations with water depths ranging from 748 to 6,348 m. Investiga-tions were carried out on a broad range of taxa, including bacteria, meio-, macroand megafauna. Approximately 5000ostracods were collected, which included 29 specimens of Doloria (Dolorietta) subgen. nov.The subdivision of the genus Doloria Skogsberg, 1920 into two subgenera, Doloria (Doloria) and the novel subgenusDoloria (Dolorietta), is based on differences in the structures of the fifth limb, the armature of the sensory bristle on the5th segment of the antennula, and the number of bristles on the 4th endite of the sixth limb. Four new species in the newsubgenus were identified from the ANDEEP samples. The new subgenus and the four novel species are described andillustrated. Two of these new species are named Doloria (Dolorietta) antarctica sp. nov. and Doloria (Dolorietta) sextafiliformis sp. nov., but the other two species are left in open nomenclature (i.e. Doloria (Dolorietta) sp. nov. 1 and Doloria(Dolorietta) sp. nov. 2) because only juveniles were found in our material. Keys to the subgenera and species of Doloria are provided.

Moving past sporadic eruptions, discursive killing, and running amok: recognizing the convergence of the serial and spree killer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Yaksic
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Rapid Sequence ◽  
Clear Delineation ◽  
Serial Murderers ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Rapid sequence homicide offenders (RSHOs), formerly spree killers, are an understudied population due to the confusion surrounding their classification in relation to serial murderers. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory, comparative analysis of 56 RSHOs and 60 serial murderers was conducted on US-based data from 2014 to 2018 derived from the Consolidated Serial Homicide Offender Database to determine similarities and differences between the cohorts. Findings RSHOs and serial murderers are similar in that they often kill their victims using a singular method, have limited mobility, kill a similar number of victims both known and unknown to them and are both supremely motivated by domestic anger. There is an inverse relationship between serial murderers and RSHOs: as one group increases in prevalence the other decreases. Practical implications In order to divert men into more pro-social activities, attention must be dedicated to increasing mental health services that provide them with the tools to diffuse their hatred and couple that with effective gun control strategies and ways to enhance the compromised anger management skills of a generation of volatile men. Originality/value Academicians have been hesitant to juxtapose these offenders but based this conclusion on surface-level differences. A reimagining of these categorical structures is needed. The once clear delineation between these cohorts may continue to shrink and synchronize until one subsumes the other.

The Influence of the Fatigue Cycles Number on Material Hardness

2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Viorel Goanta
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Indentation Load ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Cycle ◽  
Elastic Range ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Stress Fatigue ◽  
Minimum Force ◽  
Maximum Minimum

In this paper we present the experimental results obtained after determining hardness on samples previously subjected to fatigue. Firstly, 6 identical samples have been subjected to stress fatigue in the elastic range a number of 105, 5∙105, 106, 2∙106, 3∙106 and 4∙106 cycles. For all samples we used the same form of stress cycle, respectively, sinusoidal, and the same values of maximum, minimum force and the amplitude of the cycle (50 kN, 30 kN and 10 kN). It is noted that the maximum value of the load was less than that at which samples fall within the plastic deformation. Therefore, the original loading of samples was performed in the elastic range. For each of the six samples determinations of levels of hardness were performed, with the value of indentation load of 10 kgf. Indentations were made on the samples, along the length of the calibration, at a distance of 10 mm one within the other. As it will be seen below, in the areas with the highest hardness were performed several indentations, in order to determine the highest hardness area, which, in our view, also presents the largest degree of plastic deformation.

Credibility of Smoking Control Strategies in Non-Smokers: Implications for Clinicians

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Hynd ◽  
Clyde Chambers ◽  
Terry T. Stratton ◽  
Eugene Moan
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Treatment Expectations ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Smoking Control

The credibility of rapid smoking, relaxation, covert sensitization, satiation, and a combined approach was assessed in 113 subjects who were self-reported non-smokers. The results suggest that non-smokers more than smokers rate with greater variability strategies for smoking treatment favoring relaxation significantly over the other treatments examined. It also appears that satiation was least preferred when compared with descriptions of other treatments. These findings, while similar to those reported for smokers, suggest that significant others who do not smoke may likely support the positive treatment expectations of those who undergo treatment for the control of smoking.

Studies on immunity with three species of avian trypanosomes

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Molyneux ◽  
Elizabeth Gordon
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Homologous Challenge

The ability of three species of avian trypanosome, Trypanosoma corvi, T. bouffardi and T. everetti, to protect against heterologous and homologous challenge has been studied in susceptible birds. None protects against challenge with either or both of the other two species and mixed infections can be obtained experimentally. With T. bouffardi, both apparently sterile and premune states exist after initial infection and the host is immune to challenge with homologous strains; heterologous strains sometimes break this immunity and produce shorter, lower parasitaemias. T. everetti remains in the circulating blood for long periods at low levels and challenge doses with the homologous strain result in a slightly elevated parasitaemia for a few days. T. corvi produces a degree of immunity after the initial infection which usually results in a reduced second parasitaemic peak of shorter duration when birds are challenged with a homologous strain.

Biological Characterization of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Isolated from the Philippines

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A Laviña ◽  
Leodegario E Padua ◽  
Fu Quan Wu ◽  
Noriko Shirata ◽  
Motoko Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Taxonomic study of Halorubrum distributum and proposal of Halorubrum terrestre sp. nov.

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ventosa ◽  
M. Carmen Gutiérrez ◽  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Irina S. Zvyagintseva ◽  
Aharon Oren
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Phenotypic Features

Halorubrum distributum (basonym, Halobacterium distributum) is an extremely halophilic, aerobic archaeon isolated from saline soils, which was described on the basis of phenotypic features of several strains. The designated type strain of the species (1mT=VKM B-1733T=JCM 9100T) was shown recently to differ from the other strains. In this study, Halorubrum distributum isolates have been characterized with regard to phenotypic features, polar lipid content, comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA–DNA hybridization. On the basis of these data, a novel species that includes the other isolates is proposed, with the name Halorubrum terrestre sp. nov. The type strain of this novel species is 4pT (=VKM B-1739T=JCM 10247T). The DNA G+C content of this novel species is 64·2–64·9 mol% (64·4 mol% for the type strain).

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