scholarly journals Patient and Clinical Factors at Admission Affect the Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Six Months after Recovering from COVID-19

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Xinjie Li ◽  
Ling Pang ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Yuqi Zhang ◽  
Shuyun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Ivig Therapy ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
High Level

The rate of decline in the levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) greatly varies among patients who recover from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little is known about factors associated with this phenomenon. The objective of this study is to investigate early factors at admission that can influence long-term NAb levels in patients who recovered from COVID-19. A total of 306 individuals who recovered from COVID-19 at the Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China, were included in this study. The patients were classified into two groups with high (NAbhigh, n = 153) and low (NAblow, n = 153) levels of NAb, respectively based on the median NAb levels six months after discharge. The majority (300/306, 98.0%) of the COVID-19 convalescents had detected NAbs. The median NAb concentration was 63.1 (34.7, 108.9) AU/mL. Compared with the NAblow group, a larger proportion of the NAbhigh group received corticosteroids (38.8% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.002) and IVIG therapy (26.5% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.033), and presented with diabetes comorbidity (25.2% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.004); high blood urea (median (IQR): 4.8 (3.7, 6.1) vs. 3.9 (3.5, 5.4) mmol/L; p = 0.017); CRP (31.6 (4.0, 93.7) vs. 16.3 (2.7, 51.4) mg/L; p = 0.027); PCT (0.08 (0.05, 0.17) vs. 0.05 (0.03, 0.09) ng/mL; p = 0.001); SF (838.5 (378.2, 1533.4) vs. 478.5 (222.0, 1133.4) μg/L; p = 0.035); and fibrinogen (5.1 (3.8, 6.4) vs. 4.5 (3.5, 5.7) g/L; p = 0.014) levels, but low SpO2 levels (96.0 (92.0, 98.0) vs. 97.0 (94.0, 98.0)%; p = 0.009). The predictive model based on Gaussian mixture models, displayed an average accuracy of 0.7117 in one of the 8191 formulas, and ROC analysis showed an AUC value of 0.715 (0.657–0.772), and specificity and sensitivity were 72.5% and 67.3%, respectively. In conclusion, we found that several factors at admission can contribute to the high level of NAbs in patients after discharge, and constructed a predictive model for long-term NAb levels, which can provide guidance for clinical treatment and monitoring.

scholarly journals Fast and long-lasting immune response to S-trimer COVID-19 vaccine adjuvanted by PIKA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Lianpan Dai ◽  
Xiaoli Feng ◽  
Ran Gao ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
The Face ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
High Level

AbstractIn the face of the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine that can induce fast, effective, long-lasting and broad protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we developed a trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein vaccine candidate adjuvanted by PIKA, which can induce robust cellular and humoral immune responses. The results showed a high level of neutralizing antibodies induced by the vaccine was maintained for at least 400 days. In the study of non-human primates, PIKA adjuvanted S-trimer induced high SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers and protected from virus replication in the lung following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In addition, the long-term neutralizing antibody response induced by S-trimer vaccine adjuvanted by PIKA could neutralize multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and there is no obvious different among the SARS- CoV-2 variants of interest or concern, including B.1.351, B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants. These data support the utility of S-trimer protein adjuvanted by PIKA as a potential vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Single-dose AAV-based vaccine induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies and provides long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dali Tong ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Yunru Yang ◽  
Han Xia ◽  
Haiyang Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, continues to threaten global public health. Developing a vaccine that only requires single immunization but provides long-term protection for the prevention and control of COVID-19 is important. Here, we developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vaccine expressing a stable receptor-binding domain (SRBD) protein. The vaccine requires only single shot, but provides effective neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) over 300 days in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). In addition, the NAbs are at much higher levels than seen in the sera of convalescent patients. It is worth to note that though we detected the pre-existing AAV2/9 NAbs before immunization, the vaccine still induced high and effective NAbs, and did not boost the AAV2/9 NAbs levels in rhesus macaques. Importantly, AAV-SRBD immune sera efficiently neutralized the SARS-CoV-2 P.1/P.2, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants. Together, all the data suggest the vaccine has great potential in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Does the neuronal noise in cortex help generalization?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hu ◽  
Jiaqi Shang ◽  
Ramakrishnan Iyer ◽  
Josh Siegle ◽  
Stefan Mihalas
Keyword(s):  
Large Fraction ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
High Level

AbstractOne remarkable feature of neuronal activity in the mammalian cortex is the high level of variability in response to repeated stimuli. First, we used an open dataset, the Allen Brain Observatory, to quantify the distribution of responses to repeated presentations of natural movies. We find that even for their preferred moment in the movie clip, neurons have high variability which cannot be well captured by Gaussian or Poisson distributions. A large fraction of responses are better fit by log-normal or Gaussian mixture models with two components. These distributions are similar to activity distributions during training of deep neural networks using dropout. This poses the interesting hypothesis: is the role of cortical noise to help in generalization during learning?Second, to ensure the robustness of our results we analyzed electrophysiological recordings in the same areas of mouse visual cortex, again using repeated natural movie presentations and found similar response distributions. To make sure that the trial-by-trial variations we observe are not due exclusively to the result of changes in state, we constructed a population coupling model, where each neuron’s activity is coupled to a low-dimension version of the activity of all other simultaneously recorded neurons. The population coupling model can capture global, brain-wide activity fluctuations that are state-dependent. The residuals from this model also show non-Gaussian noise distributions.Third, we ask a more specific question: is the noise in the cortex more likely to move the representation of the stimulus in-class versus out-of-class? To address this question, we analyzed the responses of neurons across trials from multiple sections of different movie clips. We observe that the noise in the cortex better aligns to in-class variations. We argue that a useful noise for learning generalizations is to move from representations of different exemplars in-class, similar to cortical noise.

Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rodway ◽  
Karen Gillies ◽  
Astrid Schepman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Term Change ◽  
High Level

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17  s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.

Development, Popularization and Application of An Online OvAge Calculator: Qualitative Study Based on the WeChat Mini Program (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Xu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Short Period

BACKGROUND At present, there are many clinical markers and models to assess ovarian reserve, but none of them are ideal. The number of clinical samples is a key factor limiting the specificity and sensitivity of the markers and models, and traditional methods of subject recruitment are time and vigor. In addition, the model of ovarian reserve assessment for Chinese women need to be further explored. OBJECTIVE To explore the possibility of self-reporting for subjects through the WeChat mini program, and provide more data support for further optimization of the OvAge model, and to develop a predictive model of ovarian reserve that is specific to Chinese women. METHODS In this paper, with reference to the existing OvAge model, we developed an online OvAge calculator based on the WeChat mini program for data collection, and then applied the generalized linear model theory to obtain a predictive model of ovarian reserve which is in line with the characteristics of Chinese women. RESULTS Compared to traditional recruiting methods, the online OvAge calculator is able to collect a large number of samples in a short period of time, which is efficient and convenient. Optimized model of estimated OvAge =exp (3.5254-0.001*PRL-0.0231*AMH). This model showed a high statistical significance for each marker included in the equation. We applied the final equation on diminished ovarian reserve and polycystic ovary syndrome datasets and obtained a mean of predicted ovarian age significantly different from the mean of chronological age in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The OvAge calculator based on the WeChat mini program is a novel online subject self-reporting system that can collect many samples in a short period of time, continuously optimize the model and update the mini program version, which is economical, time-saving and efficient., and is worthy of promotion. In addition, the optimized OvAge model is suitable for Chinese women and provides a reference for clinical assessment of ovarian reserve. CLINICALTRIAL The study was approved by Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No. ChiCTR2000037522) and Medical ethics committee of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (approved No. 2019NL-152-02).

scholarly journals Review on Perioperative and Oncological Outcomes of Robotic Gastrectomy for Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Giuliani ◽  
Francesco Guerra ◽  
Lorenzo De Franco ◽  
Lucia Salvischiani ◽  
Roberto Benigni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Radical Gastrectomy ◽  
Robotic Gastrectomy ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
High Level ◽  
Standard Laparoscopic Surgery

Background. Minimally invasive gastrectomy is currently considered a valid option to treat gastric cancer and is gaining increasing acceptance. Recent reports have suggested that the application of robots may confer some advantages over conventional laparoscopy, but the role of robotic surgery in clinical practice is still uncertain. We aimed to critically review the relevant evidence comparing robotic to standard laparoscopic surgery in performing radical gastrectomy. Methods. The Pubmed/Medline electronic databases were searched through February 2021. Paper conference and the English language was the only restriction applied to our search strategy. Results. According to the existing data, robotic gastrectomy seems to provide some benefits in terms of blood loss, rate of conversion, procedure-specific postoperative morbidity, and length of hospital stay. Robotic gastrectomy is also associated with a longer duration of surgery and a higher economic burden as compared to its laparoscopic counterpart. No significant differences have been disclosed in terms of long-term survivals, while the number of lymph nodes retrieved with robotic gastrectomy is generally higher than that of laparoscopy. Conclusions. The current literature suggests that robotic radical gastrectomy appears as competent as the conventional laparoscopic procedure and may provide some clinical advantages. However, due to the relative paucity of high-level evidence, it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions.

scholarly journals Long-term Persistence of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Following Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Wisnivesky ◽  
Kimberly Stone ◽  
Emilia Bagiella ◽  
Molly Doernberg ◽  
Damodara Rao Mendu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and neutralization assays reveal the wide range of the humoral immune response to virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikail Dogan ◽  
Lina Kozhaya ◽  
Lindsey Placek ◽  
Courtney Gunter ◽  
Mesut Yigit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Negative Controls

AbstractDevelopment of antibody protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection is a pressing question for public health and for vaccine development. We developed highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and neutralization assays. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein or Nucleocapsid protein specific IgG antibodies at titers more than 1:100,000 were detectable in all PCR+ subjects (n = 115) and were absent in the negative controls. Other isotype antibodies (IgA, IgG1-4) were also detected. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization was determined in COVID-19 and convalescent plasma at up to 10,000-fold dilution, using Spike protein pseudotyped lentiviruses, which were also blocked by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Hospitalized patients had up to 3000-fold higher antibody and neutralization titers compared to outpatients or convalescent plasma donors. Interestingly, some COVID-19 patients also possessed NAbs against SARS-CoV Spike protein pseudovirus. Together these results demonstrate the high specificity and sensitivity of our assays, which may impact understanding the quality or duration of the antibody response during COVID-19 and in determining the effectiveness of potential vaccines.

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