scholarly journals Review: Vaccines and Vaccination against Lumpy Skin Disease

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Eeva Tuppurainen ◽  
Klaas Dietze ◽  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Hannes Bergmann ◽  
Daniel Beltran-Alcrudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Selection Of

The geographical distribution of lumpy skin disease (LSD), an economically important cattle disease caused by a capripoxvirus, has reached an unprecedented extent. Vaccination is the only way to prevent the spread of the infection in endemic and newly affected regions. Yet, in the event of an outbreak, selection of the best vaccine is a major challenge for veterinary authorities and farmers. Decision makers need sound scientific information to support their decisions and subsequent actions. The available vaccine products vary in terms of quality, efficacy, safety, side effects, and price. The pros and cons of different types of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, vaccination strategies, and associated risks are discussed. Seroconversion, which typically follows vaccination, places specific demands on the tools and methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the LSD vaccination campaigns in the field. We aimed to give a comprehensive update on available vaccines and vaccination against LSD, to better prepare affected and at-risk countries to control LSD and ensure the safe trade of cattle.

scholarly journals Development of a Safe and Highly Efficient Inactivated Vaccine Candidate against Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Tom Moritz ◽  
Kore Schlottau ◽  
Donata Hoffmann ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
World Organisation ◽  
Free Status

Capripox virus (CaPV)-induced diseases (lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, goatpox) are described as the most serious pox diseases of livestock animals, and therefore are listed as notifiable diseases under guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Until now, only live-attenuated vaccines are commercially available for the control of CaPV. Due to numerous potential problems after vaccination (e.g., loss of the disease-free status of the respective country, the possibility of vaccine virus shedding and transmission as well as the risk of recombination with field strains during natural outbreaks), the use of these vaccines must be considered carefully and is not recommended in CaPV-free countries. Therefore, innocuous and efficacious inactivated vaccines against CaPV would provide a great tool for control of these diseases. Unfortunately, most inactivated Capripox vaccines were reported as insufficient and protection seemed to be only short-lived. Nevertheless, a few studies dealing with inactivated vaccines against CaPV are published, giving evidence for good clinical protection against CaPV-infections. In our studies, a low molecular weight copolymer-adjuvanted vaccine formulation was able to induce sterile immunity in the respective animals after severe challenge infection. Our findings strongly support the possibility of useful inactivated vaccines against CaPV-infections, and indicate a marked impact of the chosen adjuvant for the level of protection.

Immunological memory as the fundamentals of vaccines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Haider ◽  
Amir Sultan ◽  
Hassan Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Pros And Cons

The immune system also called as the defense system involves many different cells that workas soldiers in an individual. These immune cells provide protection against various pathogens.For better protection of an individual the immune systems has the ability to memorize orremember the pathogen. This ability is known as immunological memory. With the help ofimmunological memory the immune memory cells remember the antigen and are prepared ifthere is an encounter with the antigen in future. The immunological memory can be developedagainst certain strains with the help of different types of vaccines. Such types of vaccinesthat are currently being used to save lives are, Live attenuated vaccines, Toxoid vaccines,Subunit vaccines, Glyco-conjugated vaccines, and Killed/Inactivated vaccines. These vaccineshow different efficiency. Hence, the immunological memory generated after a singlevaccination may wear off with time. Multiple numbers of shots are required for thedevelopment of long term memory. All these types of vaccines vary from each other in theirmanufacturing and also in their mechanism of providing long term immunological memory.They show many pros and cons but their advantages are greater than their disadvantages.Thus, are preferred to be used for the betterment of mankind.

Lumpy skin disease: an African cattle disease getting closer to the EU

2014 ◽  
Vol 175 (12) ◽  
pp. 300-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva Tuppurainen ◽  
Chris Oura
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Outbreak investigation of lumpy skin disease in dairy farms at Barishal, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Md. Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Mohammad Ferdous Rahman Sarker ◽  
F. M. Yasir Hasib ◽  
Sharmin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Steroid Drugs ◽  
First Time

Lumpy skin disease is explained as a significant cattle disease affecting cattle of many parts of the world. An outbreak was experienced in different parts of Bangladesh including Barishal for the first time in the last quarter of 2019. This investigation was carried out to know the outbreak scenario of the disease in southern part of Bangladesh. A total of 726 cattle were included in this study covering 50 dairy farms of Barishal region from September 2019 to December 2019. Morbidity rate was found 21% (CI: 18-24%) and mortality was 1% (CI: 1-2%) in the outbreak area. Young animals (24%) and pregnant animals (70%) were significantly more susceptible compared to aged animals (17%) and non-pregnant animals (15%), respectively. Moreover, male and crossbred cattle were slightly more prone to the infection in comparison to their counterparts. About 45% of the affected animals showed nodular and remaining 55% had edematous lesions. Almost 90% of the affected animals were treated with NSAID followed by antibiotics, antihistaminic, steroid drugs and antiviral drugs where only 20% of the affected animals were treated by authorized veterinary personnel. This was the first epidemiological investigation in the mentioned outbreak area which may serve as a baseline for LSD research in the location needed for developing effective control strategy.

Isolation and molecular identification of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) virus from infected cattle in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
M Giasuddin ◽  
MA Yousuf ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
MZ Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ocular Discharge

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a new disease of cattle in Bangladesh. It is endemic in Africa but through the last few years disease beings to spread to other countries of the world. The disease was widely spreaded in the many other countries in Asia and some parts of Europe. In Bangladesh, the disease was first time detected in April 2019, in southern part and then continued to spread all over the country.The disease caused enormous economic losses causing cutaneous and internal lesions, affecting milk production, hide quality and in some cases death of infected animal. LSD suspected samples were collected from different areas of the country during the period from July 2019 to January 2020. In this study, a total of 36 clinically suspected LSD samples of skin crustnodules, pus and ocular discharge were collected. Samples were examined by the published PCR protocol for LSD virus, GPV and SPV. Around 78% samples were found positive for LSD virus in PCR test. LSD virus was also identified from pus and ocular discharge of infected cattle. The virus can grow in the lamb testicular cell and clinically the disease is characterized by distinctive nodular lesions mostly on the skin of the affected animals.The results indicated that the LSD virus is circulating in the outbreak are as and is an emerging transboundary cattle disease in Bangladesh. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 15-20

Improved method for the generation and selection of homogeneous lumpy skin disease virus (SA-Neethling) recombinants

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brian Wallace ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
Louis Hendrik Nel ◽  
Gerrit Johannes Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Complete Coding Sequence of a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus from an Outbreak in Bulgaria in 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Mathijs ◽  
Frank Vandenbussche ◽  
Emiliya Ivanova ◽  
Andy Haegeman ◽  
Laetitia Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Cattle Disease

ABSTRACT Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging cattle disease with serious economic consequences. We report the complete coding sequence of LSD virus 210LSD-249/BUL/16, detected in a blood sample from a diseased cow during an outbreak in Bulgaria (Kabile Village, Yambol Region) in June 2016.

A Soft Hierarchical Process Approach for Decision Making in A Supply Chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Dhingra ◽  
Preetvanti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Supplier Selection Problem ◽  
Selection Of

Decision problems are usually complex and involve evaluation of several conflicting criteria (parameters). Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a promising field that considers the parallel influence of all criteria and aims at helping decision makers in expressing their preferences, over a set of predefined alternatives, on the basis of criteria (parameters) that are contradictory in nature. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a useful and widespread MCDM tool for solving such type of problems, as it allows the incorporation of conflicting objectives and decision makers preferences in the decision making. The AHP utilizes the concept of pair wise comparison to find the order of criteria (parameters) and alternatives. The comparison in a pairwise manner becomes quite tedious and complex for problems having eight alternatives or more, thereby, limiting the application of AHP. This paper presents a soft hierarchical process approach based on soft set decision making which eliminates the least promising candidate alternatives and selects the optimum(potential) ones that results in the significant reduction in the number of pairwise comparisons necessary for the selection of the best alternative using AHP, giving the approach a more realistic view. A supplier selection problem is used to illustrate the proposed approach.

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