A Critical Overview on Prostaglandin Inhibitors and Their Influence on Pregnancy Results after Insemination and Embryo Transfer in Cows

Assisted reproductive techniques in cattle, such as artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET), are widely used. Despite many years of methodological improvements, the pregnancy rate (PR) in cows has not increased in direct proportion with their development. Among the possibilities to increase the PR is the use of certain steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The antiluteolytic effect of NSAIDs is achieved by blocking cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. This article compares the PRs obtained after treatment with the commonly used NSAIDs in cattle, including flunixin meglumine, carprofen, meloxicam, ibuprofen, aspirin, and sildenafil. Studies on the effectiveness of certain steroid drugs on the PR have also been described. The results were not always consistent, and so comparisons between studies were made. In conclusion, flunixin meglumine seems to be an option, and can be recommended for improving ET results, especially in situations of high exposure or susceptibility to stress. Its administration under all circumstances, however, might be pointless and will not lead to the desired effect.

Overuse of Steroid Drugs Methylprednisolone and Dexamethasone (Oral) Causes a Diabetic Patient to Become Infected with the Black Fungus in the Corona Virus.

Background Overuse of both methylprednisolone and dexamethasone drug on a corona patient can result in serious side effects and new infections may appear during their use. Prolonged use of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone may produce posterior subcapsular glaucoma, glaucoma with potential damage to the optic nerves, and may accelerate the establishment of secondary ocular infections caused by fungi or viruses.It has also been observed that more methylprednisolone and dexamethasone drug increases the level of glucose in the body, leading to normal corona patients who do not have any disease and diabetes after recovering from excessive consumption of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone drug.Materials and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 50 COVID doctors from the department's outpatient pool of COVID patients, distributing questionnaires to all subjects of different age groups. The questionnaire included information related to the name, age, gender and various factors that affect the doctor's choice of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone.Result and Discussion A total of 50 doctors and some medical stores from across India were included in the survey. Doctors prescribed more methylprednisolone and dexamethasone medicine than steroid medicines to corona patients. In our research, most side effects were observed for corona patients taking methylprednisolone and dexamethasone drug. Conclusion This research had shown that overdose of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone drug take diabetes patient he has serious eye effect and cause black fungus.

Outbreak investigation of lumpy skin disease in dairy farms at Barishal, Bangladesh

Lumpy skin disease is explained as a significant cattle disease affecting cattle of many parts of the world. An outbreak was experienced in different parts of Bangladesh including Barishal for the first time in the last quarter of 2019. This investigation was carried out to know the outbreak scenario of the disease in southern part of Bangladesh. A total of 726 cattle were included in this study covering 50 dairy farms of Barishal region from September 2019 to December 2019. Morbidity rate was found 21% (CI: 18-24%) and mortality was 1% (CI: 1-2%) in the outbreak area. Young animals (24%) and pregnant animals (70%) were significantly more susceptible compared to aged animals (17%) and non-pregnant animals (15%), respectively. Moreover, male and crossbred cattle were slightly more prone to the infection in comparison to their counterparts. About 45% of the affected animals showed nodular and remaining 55% had edematous lesions. Almost 90% of the affected animals were treated with NSAID followed by antibiotics, antihistaminic, steroid drugs and antiviral drugs where only 20% of the affected animals were treated by authorized veterinary personnel. This was the first epidemiological investigation in the mentioned outbreak area which may serve as a baseline for LSD research in the location needed for developing effective control strategy.

Awareness on Use of Steroid Drugs among Football Players

Steroids are man-made chemicals that resemble hormones that are naturally made in the human body. The main role of steroids in sports is to enhance performance and reduce inflammation. The aim of the present study is to assess the awareness of the use of steroid drugs among football players and the ill effects of steroid drug intake. A Cross-sectional study was done on 100 football players and veterans registered with the State Football Association. A pretested structured questionnaire assessing the awareness on the use of steroid drugs was the survey instrument. Both male and female football players and veterans within the age group 18-50 years were selected after obtaining informed consent. The sampling method used was a simple random sampling method. The questionnaire comprised of 10 open-ended questions and were administered through Google forms. 76% of the participants responded that they use steroid drugs at least once and 24% responded that they never used steroid drugs. According to the above survey, we conclude that there is a high rate of usage of steroid drugs among football players.

On the occasion of the anniversary of Nikolay P. Goncharov

In January 2020, the famous scientist biochemist-endocrinologist, MD, professor Nikolay P. Goncharov turned 85 years old. Nikolay P. Goncharov one of the leading experts in the field of biochemical endocrinology and hormonal analysis; he developed and introduced in the framework of the Human Reproduction program an experimental model for evaluating the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of new steroid drugs and regulators of endocrine secretion of steroid hormones. The editorial board of the journal Problems of Endocrinology congratulates NP Goncharov on his anniversary, wishes him good health, success, prosperity, vitality, fortitude and many more years of fruitful activity.

Cementless Femoral Neck Endoprosthesis Spiron in Men in Aspects of Clinical Status and Quality of Life in Average a 5-year Follow-up

Background: Hip arthroplasty is increasingly performed in young people actively playing sports, professionally active, or treated with steroid drugs in the course of autoimmune diseases. Significantly more often in this group of patients the cause of osteoarthritis is sterile femoral head necrosis. Femoral neck endoprosthesis can be an alternative to pituitary or classical cementlessarthroplastyin the surgical treatment of osteoarthritis.Material and methods: The study group consisted of 27 men aged 32 to 65 years (average 46 years) in whom femoral neck endoprosthesis was implanted (16 on the left side, 11 on the right side).The most common indications for surgical treatment were idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip (19 patients) and arthrosis due to sterile femoral osteonecrosis (8 patients).Operational access according to Hardinge in the patient's position on the back by embedding a uncemented femoral neck endoprosthesis in ceramic articulation was applied.In the studied group of patients, clinical condition was assessed using the HHS, WOMAC-HIP classification. An assessment of the quality of life was also carried out on the SF-12 scale and pain assessment on the VAS scale.Analyzes were performed before surgery, while the control test was carried out on average over a 5-year observation period.Results: The clinical condition of the examined men on the HHS (49.81 vs 84.05) and WOMAC-HIP (40.59 vs 13.5) scale significantly improved (p <0.05) in relation to the value before surgery.Similar results were obtained in the assessment of quality of life on the SF-12 scale (9.89 points vs. 32 points); (p <0.05) and pain on the VAS scale (6.74 vs 0.58); (p <0.05) during follow-up.Conclusions: The use of femoral neck endoprosthesis in men with hip arthrosis in the mean follow-up of 5 years improved both the clinical condition and the quality of life of the operated patients while reducing the pain.

AB1191 AWARENESS OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AMONGST PATIENTS -A COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS FROM 2014 AND 2018 SURVEYS-

Background:Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is based on drug therapy. With the increasing number of effective drugs being authorized for use and generic drugs becoming available in the market, patients with RA now have an abundance of drugs as treatment options.Objectives:To conduct a survey of RA patients to evaluate their knowledge about the prescribed drugs, their names, and the respective categories.Methods:In 2014 and 2018, two different surveys were done in which RA patients were interviewed regarding the name of biologics (trade name) and other oral medications (category and trade name of anti-rheumatic drugs, steroid drugs and anti-inflammatory analgesics). The results of the two investigations are compared in this study.Results:A total of 135 (34 men and 101 women) and 184 patients (31 men and 153 women) were interviewed in the surveys done in 2014 and 2018, respectively. In the 2014 survey, the mean age of the patients was 58.5 years (range: 25-88 years), while in the 2018 survey, the mean age of the patients was 61.0 years (range: 14-84 years). The various biologics prescribed to the patients who participated in the 2014 vs. 2018 surveys were as follows: infliximab (27 vs. 22), etanercept (11 vs. 9), adalimumab (14 vs. 16), tocilizumab (43 vs. 71), abatacept (29 vs. 46), golimumab (7 vs. 11), certolizumab-pegol (4 vs. 3), sarilumab (0 vs. 2), and tofacitinib (0 vs. 5), respectively. The number of patients who were prescribed various categories of oral medications, as stated in the 2014 vs 2018 surveys, was as follows: anti-rheumatic drugs, 104 (77.0%) vs. 131 (71.2%); steroid drugs, 36 (26.7%) vs. 44 (23.9%); and anti-inflammatory analgesics, 49 (36.3%) vs. 61 (33.2%), respectively. The number of patients that took medications without any knowledge about the drug name or its category, as reported in the 2014 vs. 2018 surveys was as follows: anti-rheumatic drugs, 24 (23.1%) vs. 42 (32.1%); steroid drugs, 11 (30.1%) vs. 24 (54.5%); and anti-inflammatory analgesics, 15 (30.6%) vs. 17 (27.9%), respectively. In the corresponding years, the number of patients who responded negatively to the question whether they knew about the trade name of the biologics prescribed to them was 15 (11.1%) and 26 (14.1%), in the 2014 and 2018 surveys, respectively. The mean age of the patients who expressed lack of knowledge with respect to the trade name of the biologics prescribed to them was 67.3 and 69.5 years old, in the 2014 and 2018 surveys, respectively; thus suggesting the impact of old age on awareness about prescribed drugs. Many of the biologics prescribed to these patients were intravenous drip formulations, and only one patient was prescribed self-administered subcutaneous injection formulation. This implied that the majority of patients who expressed lack of knowledge regarding the trade name of the biologics were administered the drug by health-care providers at the hospital.Conclusion:Our investigation about RA patients’ understanding of the trade names and category of the drugs they were administered revealed that 20 to 50% of the patients were unaware about the oral medications they were receiving. In particular, there were many patients who had misinterpreted steroidal drugs as analgesics. In addition, approximately 10% of the patients lacked an understanding of drugs that require cautious use due to their potential for causing adverse events. For those biologics administered at the hospital by health-care providers, the patients had a lack of inclination to learn the drug name. In today’s era, with the emergence of generic drugs and an increase in the drug categories, it is not easy for the aging patients to understand and remember information about the prescription drugs. Hence, it is necessary to come up with measures to tackle this situation.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Case Report on Steroid Induced Cushing Syndrome

Glucocorticoids are the effective steroid drugs which reduce the inflammation & most commonly glucocorticoids are used in diseases such as asthma, allergic diseases such as psoriasis, eczema and rheumatoid arthritis. Long term effect of corticosteroids leads to the symptoms of moon face, buffalo hump, pink stretch marks, and weight gain. In this we are going to report a case of 30 yrs female patient with representing the long term use of corticosteroids; Prednisolone leads to cushing syndrome. Eventually she was treated with oral hypoglycemics and diuretics and the use of steroid had stopped temporarily and the dose of prednisolone was tapered. Keywords: glucocorticoids, prednisolone, Cushing syndrome

Production of 5α-androstene-3,17-dione from phytosterols by co-expression of 5α-reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in engineered Mycobacterium neoaurum

5α-Androstene-3,17-dione (5α-AD), an important intermediate in the synthesis of steroid drugs, is mainly synthesized by chemical methods in industry.