scholarly journals Outbreak investigation of lumpy skin disease in dairy farms at Barishal, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Md. Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Mohammad Ferdous Rahman Sarker ◽  
F. M. Yasir Hasib ◽  
Sharmin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Steroid Drugs ◽  
First Time

Lumpy skin disease is explained as a significant cattle disease affecting cattle of many parts of the world. An outbreak was experienced in different parts of Bangladesh including Barishal for the first time in the last quarter of 2019. This investigation was carried out to know the outbreak scenario of the disease in southern part of Bangladesh. A total of 726 cattle were included in this study covering 50 dairy farms of Barishal region from September 2019 to December 2019. Morbidity rate was found 21% (CI: 18-24%) and mortality was 1% (CI: 1-2%) in the outbreak area. Young animals (24%) and pregnant animals (70%) were significantly more susceptible compared to aged animals (17%) and non-pregnant animals (15%), respectively. Moreover, male and crossbred cattle were slightly more prone to the infection in comparison to their counterparts. About 45% of the affected animals showed nodular and remaining 55% had edematous lesions. Almost 90% of the affected animals were treated with NSAID followed by antibiotics, antihistaminic, steroid drugs and antiviral drugs where only 20% of the affected animals were treated by authorized veterinary personnel. This was the first epidemiological investigation in the mentioned outbreak area which may serve as a baseline for LSD research in the location needed for developing effective control strategy.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolates from Outbreak Cases in Cattle from Sawena District of Bale Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shubisa Abera Leliso ◽  
Fufa Dawo Bari ◽  
Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Bale Zone

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease caused by LSD virus and is one of the most economically significant transboundary and emerging diseases of cattle. LSD causes considerable economic losses due to emaciation, damage to hides, infertility, and loss of milk production. In Ethiopia, the disease is distributed almost in all regions and is regarded as one of the most economically important livestock diseases in the country. An outbreak investigation of the disease was monitored from October 2016 to April 2017 in southern pastoral areas of Bale Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. In December 2016, LSD outbreak occurred in Sawena district of Bale Zone, from which necessary biopsy samples were collected from actively infected animals for the purpose of virus isolation, and characterization using different molecular techniques at National Animal Health and Diagnostic Investigation Center (NAHDIC) of Sebeta, Ethiopia. In addition, clinical examination of infected and in-contact animals was carried out together with a questionnaire survey. Based on the clinical manifestations, LSD was recorded in 18% (94/522) of examined cattle, whereas biopsy samples from 20 clinically positive animals were collected for further laboratory process. The morbidity rate was higher in animals less than two years 28.97% (31/107) than other ages and showed a statistically significant difference with P < 0.05 . Female animals showed higher morbidity rate of 20.59% (76/369) than male animals (11.76%) (18/153) with a significant difference at P ≤ 0.003 . Mortality rate and case fatality were also significantly higher in young animals than other age groups. Viruses were isolated from both skin biopsies and nasal swabs on Vero cell line. From both skin biopsies and nasal swabs, the virus DNA was identified by amplifying the 172 bp DNA fragment using real-time and conventional PCR. Providing adequate diagnostic facilities, establishing strategic policies for effective control and eradication and awareness creations for communities for early identification or reporting were recommendations made to minimize economic losses of the disease.

Isolation and molecular identification of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) virus from infected cattle in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
M Giasuddin ◽  
MA Yousuf ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
MZ Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ocular Discharge

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a new disease of cattle in Bangladesh. It is endemic in Africa but through the last few years disease beings to spread to other countries of the world. The disease was widely spreaded in the many other countries in Asia and some parts of Europe. In Bangladesh, the disease was first time detected in April 2019, in southern part and then continued to spread all over the country.The disease caused enormous economic losses causing cutaneous and internal lesions, affecting milk production, hide quality and in some cases death of infected animal. LSD suspected samples were collected from different areas of the country during the period from July 2019 to January 2020. In this study, a total of 36 clinically suspected LSD samples of skin crustnodules, pus and ocular discharge were collected. Samples were examined by the published PCR protocol for LSD virus, GPV and SPV. Around 78% samples were found positive for LSD virus in PCR test. LSD virus was also identified from pus and ocular discharge of infected cattle. The virus can grow in the lamb testicular cell and clinically the disease is characterized by distinctive nodular lesions mostly on the skin of the affected animals.The results indicated that the LSD virus is circulating in the outbreak are as and is an emerging transboundary cattle disease in Bangladesh. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 15-20

scholarly journals The First Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreak in Thailand (2021): Epidemiological Features and Spatio-Temporal Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orapun Arjkumpa ◽  
Minta Suwannaboon ◽  
Manoch Boonrod ◽  
Issara Punyawan ◽  
Supawadee Liangchaisiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Cattle Farms

The first outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Thailand was reported in March 2021, but information on the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak is very limited. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiological features of LSD outbreaks and to identify the outbreak spatio-temporal clusters. The LSD-affected farms located in Roi Et province were investigated by veterinary authorities under the outbreak response program. A designed questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Space-time permutation (STP) and Poisson space-time (Poisson ST) models were used to detect areas of high LSD incidence. The authorities identified 293 LSD outbreak farms located in four different districts during the period of March and the first week of April 2021. The overall morbidity and mortality of the affected cattle were 40.5 and 1.2%, respectively. The STP defined seven statistically significant clusters whereas only one cluster was identified by the Poisson ST model. Most of the clusters (n = 6) from the STP had a radius &lt;7 km, and the number of LSD cases in those clusters varied in range of 3–51. On the other hand, the most likely cluster from the Poisson ST included LSD cases (n = 361) from 198 cattle farms with a radius of 17.07 km. This is the first report to provide an epidemiological overview and determine spatio-temporal clusters of the first LSD outbreak in cattle farms in Thailand. The findings from this study may serve as a baseline information for future epidemiological studies and support authorities to establish effective control programs for LSD in Thailand.

scholarly journals Assessment on Economic Losses due to Animal Health and Production Constraints in Jimma Town Intensive Dairy Farms, Jimma, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Jimma Town

A single-visit-multiple subject formal survey technique was used to collect data from 75 small-scale dairy farming households which were selected at random and were interviewed using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Seventy-three (97.3%) dairy farming was practiced under an intensive management system. Among the selected dairy farms, only (33.3%) were kept in good hygienic condition. Artificial insemination was common (69.3%) breeding system practiced in most dairy farms of studying area. This study discovered that only a few dairy farms (2.7%) undergo periodic vaccination. It appeared from the study that morbidity loss of animals was primarily caused by mastitis which calculated (42.7%), black leg (32%), lumpy skin disease (21.3%), milk fever (17.3%), heart water (10.7%) and foot rote (5.3%) in order of their decreasing order. The results of this survey revealed that mastitis was ranked as the number one disease of dairy animals while foot rote was list reported disease in the study area. Morbidity loss of production and productivity was estimated to the financial loss of (812,600 birrs) per year. Not only morbidity loss, in some farms, mortality was also common problems of the study area. Mainly common diseases such as heart water (6.7%), milk fever (5.3%), back leg (2.7%), and lumpy skin disease (1.7%) were major causes of mortality in few farms. This in turn estimated the financial loss of (625,000 birrs). Eventually, overall annual financial loss as a result of mortality and morbidity was estimated to be (1,437,600 birrs). The outbreak of lumpy skin disease and blacklegs could be controlled through improving veterinary services with respect to adequate vaccination and heart water (seasonal tick infestation) would be alleviated by spraying. The aim of the study was to assess assessment on economic losses due to animal health and production constraints in Jimma town intensive dairy farms, Jimma, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Identification of Lumpy skin disease (LSD): First-time in Bangladesh during the investigation of unknown skin disease of cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
F. Talukdar ◽  
A. Fakir ◽  
Z. Hasan ◽  
T.M.G. Osmani ◽  
G.A. Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals Quantifying and Modeling the Acquisition and Retention of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus by Hematophagus Insects Reveals Clinically but Not Subclinically Affected Cattle Are Promoters of Viral Transmission and Key Targets for Control of Disease Outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sanz-Bernardo ◽  
Ismar R. Haga ◽  
Najith Wijesiriwardana ◽  
Sanjay Basu ◽  
Will Larner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a vector-transmitted poxvirus that causes disease in cattle. Vector species involved in LSDV transmission and their ability to acquire and transmit the virus are poorly characterized. Using a highly representative bovine experimental model of lumpy skin disease, we fed four model vector species (Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Stomoxys calcitrans, and Culicoides nubeculosus) on LSDV-inoculated cattle in order to examine their acquisition and retention of LSDV. Subclinical disease was a more common outcome than clinical disease in the inoculated cattle. Importantly, the probability of vectors acquiring LSDV from a subclinical animal (0.006) was very low compared with that from a clinical animal (0.23), meaning an insect feeding on a subclinical animal was 97% less likely to acquire LSDV than one feeding on a clinical animal. All four potential vector species studied acquired LSDV from the host at a similar rate, but Aedes aegypti and Stomoxys calcitrans retained the virus for a longer time, up to 8 days. There was no evidence of virus replication in the vector, consistent with mechanical rather than biological transmission. The parameters obtained in this study were combined with data from studies of LSDV transmission and vector life history parameters to determine the basic reproduction number of LSDV in cattle mediated by each of the model species. This reproduction number was highest for Stomoxys calcitrans (19.1), followed by C. nubeculosus (7.1) and Ae. aegypti (2.4), indicating that these three species are potentially efficient transmitters of LSDV; this information can be used to inform LSD control programs. IMPORTANCE Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes a severe systemic disease characterized by cutaneous nodules in cattle. LSDV is a rapidly emerging pathogen, having spread since 2012 into Europe and Russia and across Asia. The vector-borne nature of LSDV transmission is believed to have promoted this rapid geographic spread of the virus; however, a lack of quantitative evidence about LSDV transmission has hampered effective control of the disease during the current epidemic. Our research shows subclinical cattle play little part in virus transmission relative to clinical cattle and reveals a low probability of virus acquisition by insects at the preclinical stage. We have also calculated the reproductive number of different insect species, therefore identifying efficient transmitters of LSDV. This information is of utmost importance, as it will help to define epidemiological control measures during LSDV epidemics and of particular consequence in resource-poor regions where LSD vaccination may be less than adequate.

scholarly journals Review: Vaccines and Vaccination against Lumpy Skin Disease

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Eeva Tuppurainen ◽  
Klaas Dietze ◽  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Hannes Bergmann ◽  
Daniel Beltran-Alcrudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Selection Of

The geographical distribution of lumpy skin disease (LSD), an economically important cattle disease caused by a capripoxvirus, has reached an unprecedented extent. Vaccination is the only way to prevent the spread of the infection in endemic and newly affected regions. Yet, in the event of an outbreak, selection of the best vaccine is a major challenge for veterinary authorities and farmers. Decision makers need sound scientific information to support their decisions and subsequent actions. The available vaccine products vary in terms of quality, efficacy, safety, side effects, and price. The pros and cons of different types of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, vaccination strategies, and associated risks are discussed. Seroconversion, which typically follows vaccination, places specific demands on the tools and methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the LSD vaccination campaigns in the field. We aimed to give a comprehensive update on available vaccines and vaccination against LSD, to better prepare affected and at-risk countries to control LSD and ensure the safe trade of cattle.

scholarly journals Analyzing risk factors for lumpy skin disease by a geographic information system (GIS) in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
O.B. INCE ◽  
T. TÜRK
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by the virus of the same name and has major economic impacts on cattle breeding. In Turkey, frequent cases of cattle LSD have been reported over the last years. The present study aimed to analyze potential risk factors for LSD and provide information for controlling the spread of infectious diseases by a geographic information system (GIS). The research included cross-sectional and retrospective studies with active disease follow-up and semi-structured interviews (SSI) from August 2013 to December 2014 in Turkey. Potential risk factors for LSD were evaluated based on environmental conditions and provincial demographic and epidemiological data. Of the total of 562 observed animals, 27.22% and 2.67% of cattle were sick and died due to LSD, respectively. The morbidity rate was 26.04% in mixed and 38.18% in local breeds. The animal-level prevalence significantly differed among animals of different age, sex, and with different vaccination status (P<0.05). It was more serious in younger animals and females and during drier weather conditions. A trend of seasonality was observed in LSD occurrence. Significant risk factors affecting the prevalence of LSD were proximity to the southern border of Turkey, animal movements, and animal markets. In this process, geographical query, analysis, and thematic map production were performed by GIS.

scholarly journals Mechanical Transmission of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus by Stomoxys spp. (Stomoxys calsitrans, Stomoxys sitiens, Stomoxys indica), Diptera: Muscidae

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Arman Issimov ◽  
Lespek Kutumbetov ◽  
Mukhit B. Orynbayev ◽  
Berik Khairullin ◽  
Balzhan Myrzakhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
First Time

Samples collected for PCR from recipient animals tested positive in 5 out of 6 cases, while the virus was isolated from 4 of 6 animals. The clinical signs exhibited by recipient animals were mostly moderate in nature with only one severe case. To our knowledge, this is the first time that transmission of LSDV by three Stomoxys species has been demonstrated, and their role as mechanical vectors of LSDV is indicated.

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