scholarly journals Has Clinical and Epidemiological Varicella Burden Changed over Time in Children? Overview on Hospitalizations, Comorbidities and Costs from 2010 to 2017 in Italy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Piazza ◽  
Daniela Amicizia ◽  
Chiara Paganino ◽  
Francesca Marchini ◽  
Matteo Astengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Outpatient Procedures ◽  
Significant Burden

According to WHO estimates, varicella disease is responsible of a worldwide significant burden in terms of hospitalizations, complications, and deaths, with more than 90% of cases under 12 years old. This study aims at evaluating the clinical, epidemiological, and economic burden of varicella in Ligurian children, about comorbidities, organizational variables, and vaccination coverages from 2010 to 2017, in terms of Emergency Department accesses and hospitalizations. The overall hospitalization rate was 179.76 (per 100,000 inhab.), with a gradual but significant decline since 2015, when universal varicella vaccination was introduced in Liguria (p < 0.0001). The risk of being hospitalized for complicated varicella in subjects with at least one comorbidity was significantly higher than in subjects without comorbidities (p = 0.0016). The economic analysis showed higher costs in subjects with complicated varicella who were 0–3 years old. This age group showed higher costs also considering extra-hospital costs for both outpatient procedures and pharmaceutical costs (p < 0.0001). The results confirm the relevant burden of varicella, especially in the 0–3 age group and in children with comorbidities. Thus, vaccination with the achievement of adequate vaccination coverages is confirmed to be a necessary control strategy to reduce hospitalizations and associated complications with important economic benefits.

Economic Benefits of Protected Vegetable Cultivation by the Farmers Trained by KVK Jalandhar

2020 ◽  
pp. 487-491
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Development Officers ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

The study was undertaken to examine the economic benefits of protected vegetable cultivation. A total sample of 200 respondents practicing protected vegetable cultivation was selected from Jalandhar district from which 150 respondents were trained by KVK Jalandhar and the remaining 50 respondents were non-trainees. The findings concluded that 42.0 percent of trainees and 38.0 percent of non-trainees were in the age group of 39-52 years. It was revealed that 19.3 percent of trainees had a graduate level of education while 20.0 percent of non-trainees had a middle level of education. It was found that 66.0 percent of trainees and 54.0 percent of non-trainees had medium landholding. The majority of trainees (78.6 percent) and non-trainees (86 percent) had farming as an occupation. Most of the trainees and non-trainees contacted horticulture development officers. It was concluded that 32.6 percent of trainees procured seed or seedling from private firms whereas 40.0 percent of non-trainees procured seed or seedling from fellow farmers. The trainees obtained higher yield and net profit than non-trainees from all sample vegetable crops.

scholarly journals A Study of Varicella Seroprevalence in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population in Florence (Italy). Natural Infection and Vaccination-Acquired Immunization

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Beatrice Zanella ◽  
Angela Bechini ◽  
Benedetta Bonito ◽  
Marco Del Riccio ◽  
Alessandra Ninci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Notification ◽  
Test Elisa ◽  
Vaccine Schedule ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Dose Vaccine

Background: Varicella is a well-known infectious disease that can have severe complications, also in young children. The Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) program was introduced in Tuscany (Italy) in 2003, with a two-dose vaccine schedule given to children between their 13th and 15th month, and at 5–6 years old, as a monovalent for varicella (V) or tetravalent (measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV)) formulation. Although varicella notifications have dramatically fallen in the last two decades, varicella disease underreporting remains a challenge. Methods: A qualitative immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) was used to measure the presence of anti-varicella antibodies in 165 sera of subjects aged 1–18 years residing in the province of Florence (Italy). Information regarding the anamnestic and vaccination status (including disease notification) was also collected. Results: Our study showed an overall varicella seropositivity of 75.8% (reaching the maximum at 96.3% in the 15–18 years age group). We found that varicella disease notification had been recorded for only 7/165 subjects; however, since 42/165 recalled having had the disease, we can hypothesize that some of them must have been underreported. Furthermore, our study showed that the presence of antibodies after the varicella vaccination remained over time, lasting up to 12 years. Conclusions: Although varicella seroprevalence is <95% in almost all our age groups (except for the 15–18 years age group), our data are encouraging and reflect the success of the introduction of the UVV program and the vaccination campaigns promoted in the Tuscany region.

A PEDIATRIC HOME CARE PROGRAM IN LONDON—TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
A. B. Bergman ◽  
H. Shrand ◽  
T. E. Oppé
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
Sick Children

RECENT YEARS have seen a resurgence of interest in organized Home Care programs as a variety of factors have spurred the search for alternatives to hospital care. Chief among them has been the economic burden of spiraling hospital costs. Many programs have been devised to enable chronically ill persons in the older age group—the "home-bound" geriatric patient—to be supervised in their own homes. There are, however, special reasons for attempting to control the admission of children to hospitals. Illness is a time when a child becomes more dependent than usual and seems to need the security of parents and the comfort of familiar home environment. Even though enlightened hospitals now encourage visiting, many parents cannot take advantage of this for such reasons as distance and having to care for the other children at home. There is debate as to the amount of emotional harm caused by hospitalization of small children; most workers would say it does no good, and, in some cases, can lead to serious sequelae. The Home Care Program for sick children at St. Mary's Hospital in London was started in April, 1954. One of us (A.B.B.) had the opportunity of participating in this program in 1961 while serving as an Exchange Registrar from Children's Hospital (Boston). It is felt that even though conditions in the United States and Great Britain may be different, there are enough similarities to make a descriptive account of the program of interest to American physicians. The Development of Home Care Schemes Historically, doctors looked after the sick in their own homes when private fees could be afforded.

scholarly journals Health Equity of Rural Residents in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Mei Li ◽  
Jing Kou ◽  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Xiao ◽  
Qiong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Educational Levels

The Chinese government stresses healthcare reform to improve the health of all residents in urban and rural areas. However, much research showed that inequities still existed in health status and health services utilization in China, especially in economically disadvantaged areas. Southwest China's Yunnan Province is an ethnic frontier region with lagging economic development. This study analyzed health equity among rural residents with various socio-economic and demographic statuses in Yunnan Province. Research on this area concerns rural residents. Our study was based on a household study sample consisting of 27,395 participants from six counties in Yunnan. For all participants, data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and health status were collected. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze factors influencing health. The concentration index was used to evaluate health equity. For all respondents, the 2-week prevalence, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and the required hospitalization rate were 7.3, 12.8, and 9.2%, respectively. After adjusting the age proportion of the sixth population census of Yunnan Province, the 2-week prevalence was 7.1%, the prevalence of chronic disease was 10.7%, and the hospitalization rate was 8.4%. The concentration indexes (CIs) reflecting health equity among the respondents with different incomes and educational levels were negative. There was health inequity among respondents with different incomes and educational levels. The respondents with lower incomes and educational levels had worse health. The common influencing factors included gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, marriage status, and the number of family members. Females, the aged, ethnic minorities, farmers, and the divorced or widowed had worse health status than the control groups. Larger numbers of family members correlated with better health. The respondents with lower incomes or educational levels had higher chronic disease prevalences. The associations between the 2-week prevalence, required hospitalization rate, and age were U-shaped; the lowest age group and the highest age group had higher rates. In conclusion, more attention should be paid to females, the aged, ethnic minorities, farmers, the divorced or widowed, residents with low income and low educational level, and those with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ КУРЧАТ-БРОЙЛЕРІВ ПІСЛЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ MG++ В УМОВАХ ГОСПОДАРСТВА

2017 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
В. П. Бердник ◽  
О. О. Бублик ◽  
Т. М. Марченко ◽  
В. І. Щербак ◽  
О. Г. Трирог
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

Наведені результати випробування на 537 курчатах-бройлерах (635 контрольних) в умовах господарства препарату, виготовленого на основі розчину  полтавського бішофіту. У  курчат, яким давали препарат внутрішньо з водою,  порівняно з контролем, була більшою середня жива масса тіла у  43-добовому віці на 50 г, 73-добовому  – на 128 г і 111-добовому – на  103 г. До 43-добового віку загинуло із розрахунку від  початкової загальної кількості 16 (2,9 %) курчат-бройлерів  у дослідній групі і 30 (4,72 %) у контрольній. На контрольних  курчатах-бройлерах, порівняно із дослідними, мали економію на препараті, який не застосовували, і меншій кількості  використаних  кормів, але одержано значно більше збитків   через нижчі прирости живої маси тіла та більшу кількість загиблих. Економічна  вигода  від застосування препарату лише  до 43-добового віку курчат становить 5,8 гривень на  вкладену 1 гривню. Given results of test on 537 chickens-broilers (635 of control) in terms of economy drug produced on the basis of the solution of Poltava bishofit (SPB). Drug was given chickens-broilers of 5-day age group method internally with water in 3 cycles of 24-hour intervals over 7 times in each cycle and 7-day interval between cycles. The chicks, which were given the drug, compared with the control, had a greater average live weight of the body in 43-day age of 50 g, 73-day – 128 g and 111-day – 103 g it shows its positive effect on organisms of chicks up to 2,5 months (time of observations) after the last application in 38-th days of their lives. The drugs based on the SPB will have greater efficiency in the application of the repair chicks and adult hens, i.e. those who live more than 2,5 months. The 43-day age 16 broiler died of the calculation of the initial total number (2,9 %) in experimental group and 30 (4,72 %) in the control. On control broilers, compared with research, savings on the drug, which is not used, and smaller amounts of used feed, but we received much more losses due to lower increases in live body weight and more fatalities. The total value of the economic benefits of the drug only to 43-day age of chicks is 5,8 UAH on each invested 1 UAH.

Dynamic Simulation and Optimization of an Experimental Micro-CSP Power Plant

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Mitterhofer ◽  
Matthew Orosz
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pinch Point ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Dynamic Representation

Small scale solar thermal systems are increasingly investigated in the context of decentralized energy supply, due to favorable costs of thermal energy storage (TES) in comparison with battery storage for otherwise economical PV generation. The present study provides the computational framework and results of a one year simulation of a low-cost pilot 3kWel micro-Concentrated Solar Power (micro-CSP) plant with TES. The modeling approach is based on a dynamic representation of the solar thermal loop and a steady state model of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and is validated to experimental data from a test site (Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, Florida). The simulation results predict an annual net electricity generation of 4.08 MWh/a. Based on the simulation, optimization studies focusing on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) converter of the system are presented, including a control strategy allowing for a variable pinch point in the condenser that offers an annual improvement of 14.0% in comparison to a constant condensation pinch point. Absolute electricity output is increased to 4.65 MWh/a. Improvements are due to better matching to expander performance and lower condenser fan power because of higher pinch points. A method, incorporating this control strategy, is developed to economically optimize the ORC components. The process allows for optimization of the ORC subsystem in an arbitrary environment, e.g. as part of a micro-grid to minimize Levelized electricity costs (LEC). The air-cooled condenser is identified as the driving component for the ORC optimization as its influence on overall costs and performance is of major significance. Application of the optimization process to various locations in Africa illustrates economic benefits of the system in comparison to diesel generation.

Cost Savings Associated with Palliative Care (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breffni Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Propensity Scoring ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Although the clinical benefits associated with hospital-based palliative care (PC) consultation teams are well established, few studies address the potential economic impact of these services. This study aimed to examine the effect of hospital-based PC teams on hospital costs for patients who died in the hospital, as well as for those discharged alive. Eight diverse hospital settings with established PC teams were chosen, and administrative data relating to direct costs (including laboratory, diagnostic imaging, pharmacy, and intensive care unit [ICU] costs) were analyzed. Propensity scoring was used to match PC patients with usual care (UC) patients. Of 2,630 PC patients who were discharged alive, net savings of $2,642 per admission were calculated, compared with 18,427 UC patients. For the 2,278 PC patients who died in the hospital, savings of $4,908 per admission were seen, when compared with 2,124 UC patients, confirming the additional economic benefits associated with hospital-based PC teams.

scholarly journals ID3: PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF UNIVERSAL VARICELLA VACCINATION OF CHILDREN IN GERMANY

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Banz ◽  
U Staginnus ◽  
S Wagenpfeil ◽  
A Neiss ◽  
A Goertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation

scholarly journals Clinical and Economic Benefits of Fidaxomicin Compared to Vancomycin for Clostridium difficile Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 7007-7010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Gallagher ◽  
Joseph P. Reilly ◽  
Bhagyashri Navalkele ◽  
Gemma Downham ◽  
Kevin Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Treated Patient ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Drug Costs ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Oral Vancomycin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lengths Of Stay

ABSTRACTWe studied the clinical and economic impact of a protocol encouraging the use of fidaxomicin as a first-line drug for treatment ofClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) in patients hospitalized during a 2-year period. This study evaluated patients who received oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin for the treatment of CDI during a 2-year period. All included patients were eligible for administration of fidaxomicin via a protocol that encouraged its use for selected patients. The primary clinical endpoint was 90-day readmission with a diagnosis of CDI. Hospital charges and insurance reimbursements for readmissions were calculated along with the cost of CDI therapy to estimate the financial impact of the choice of therapy. Recurrences were seen in 10/49 (20.4%) fidaxomicin patients and 19/46 (41.3%) vancomycin patients (P= 0.027). In a multivariate analysis that included determinations of severity of CDI, serum creatinine increases, and concomitant antibiotic use, only fidaxomicin was significantly associated with decreased recurrence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12 to 0.93). The total lengths of stay of readmitted patients were 183 days for vancomycin and 87 days for fidaxomicin, with costs of $454,800 and $196,200, respectively. Readmissions for CDI were reimbursed on the basis of the severity of CDI, totaling $151,136 for vancomycin and $107,176 for fidaxomicin. Fidaxomicin drug costs totaled $62,112, and vancomycin drug costs were $6,646. We calculated that the hospital lost an average of $3,286 per fidaxomicin-treated patient and $6,333 per vancomycin-treated patient, thus saving $3,047 per patient with fidaxomicin. Fidaxomicin use for CDI treatment prevented readmission and decreased hospital costs compared to use of oral vancomycin.

scholarly journals Adolescent Reproductive Health: The Role of Agency and Autonomy

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (4II) ◽  
pp. 569-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeema Faizunnisa ◽  
Minhaj Ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Population Pyramid ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adolescent Reproductive Health ◽  
Age Range

The world is experiencing the largest cohort of adolescents in its history, and there are about 1 billion youngsters in this age group, most of whom belong to the developing countries. Worldwide, the adolescent age group is gaining prominence for researchers, policy-makers and donors. This issue is more important for Pakistan where about one-third of 150 million Pakistanis are in the age range of 10-24 years [Pakistan Census Organisation (2001)]. In Pakistan, the fertility transition has just begun [Sathar and Casterline (1998)], and we will have the largest cohort of young people in next five years. With a TFR of 4.1 which represents a significant decline in fertility in the past two decades for about two children [Pakistan (2003)], still we have a large population base. Nearly 33 percent of the population is aged 10-24, and ready to enter marriage and childbearing. Adolescents represents as a “bulge” in the population pyramid of Pakistan that will have serious implications at a variety of levels.

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